2018高考英语 破解虚拟语气之含蓄条件句的诀窍
“含蓄条件句”是指用介词短语的形式，起到代替条件句的作用。主句中的谓语动词仍可象虚拟条件句那样采用各种虚拟式。常使用的介词短语由but for, without构成。
一. 典型例句
1. Without air, human being would not be able to survive.
= If there were no air, human being would not be able to survive.
如果没有空气，人类将无法生存。（与现在事实相反）
2. The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the caprain.
=If it had not been the efforts of the caprain, the ship would have sunk with all on board.
要不是船长的努力，我们就会连船带人都沉没了。（与过去事实相反）
注意：
without, but for暗示了条件，所以相当于虚拟条件句中的从句，它们所在的句子主干相当于虚拟条件句中的主句，所以谓语动词的形式应该和虚拟条件句中的主句谓语动词形式相同。
虚拟的时间 | 介词短语 | 主句的谓语形式 |
表示与现在事实相反 | without/but for | would（could/might/should）+do |
表示与过去事实相反 | would（could/might/should）+have done | |
表示与将来事实相反 | would（could/might/should）+do |
二. 例题
1. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _________, too cold for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing cold
C. can be freezing cold D. is freezing cold
2. But for the English examination, I ________________last Sunday.
A.went to the concert B. would have gone to the concert
C.would go to the concert D. had gone to the concert
三. 总结
含蓄条件句解题策略：
1. but for,without= if...，后接虚拟语气
2. but for,without所在句子的主干相当于虚拟条件句中的主句。
3. 判断出时间，找出对应谓语动词形式
虚拟的时间 | 介词短语 | 主句的谓语形式 |
表示与现在事实相反 | without/but for | would（could/might/should）+do |
表示与过去事实相反 | would（could/might/should）+have done | |
表示与将来事实相反 | would（could/might/should）+do |
四. 高考真题
1. 【2015重庆卷】Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ________ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A. didn't write
B. hadn't written
C. wouldn't write
D. wouldn't have written
2. Without computers, the world_______what it is today.
A.would be
B.would not be
C.won’t be
D.hadn’t be
解析：由“Without computers如果没有计算机”可知后面所表达的句子与事实相反，考查的应该是虚拟语气。由today可知，句子为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，所以谓语动词应该使用的是would+动词原形。句意为：“如果没有计算机，世界将不会是现在这个模样。”所以应该使用否定形式，答案为B。
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