EOS主網啟動在即，CoinDesk 採訪了 EOS Asia 和 EOS NY 關於主網主網上線時會遇到的很多問題，包括假的主網、bug，並對相關細節進行了報道。
本文翻譯自HelloEOS和IMEOS，原文地址：https://www.coindesk.com/eos-blockchain-launch-happen-go-wrong/?from=groupmessage&isappinstalled=0
原文翻譯
The world's fifth most valuable cryptocurrency is set to formally release its software this weekend.
全球市值第五的數字資產即將於本週末發佈其軟件的1.0版本。
First announced in 2017, the EOS project has been fundraising for nearly a year, raising a reported $4 billion in what many are claiming is the largest amount ever collected by a team creating a custom cryptocurrency. As such, the launch, expected for Saturday, has come with no shortage of hype.
自2017年面市以來，EOS項目眾籌已進行了近一年的時間，金額達到40億美元，據稱是數字資產史上最大規模的眾籌。因此，預計於本週六啟動的EOS主網也受到了廣泛關注。
The fervor around the unveiling is, in part, due to the diverse discussions long surrounding the project. As detailed by CoinDesk, EOS has long been a target of criticism for its vision and execution, though it has attracted advocates who believe it offers a decentralized alternative to the cloud hosting services that currently dominate the lucrative market for data storage.
公眾對主網揭幕展現出的熱情多多少少是受到長久以來對本項目眾說紛紜的討論的影響。據新聞資源網Coindesk所述，即便EOS吸引了大量擁護者，但是 長久以來因為其願景與執行規劃而招致非議。他們堅信EOS將提供一個新的去中心化方案，有別於原有的雲主機服務，目前雲主機服務佔據了收益頗豐的數據儲存市場。
With public trading for the cryptocurrency already well underway, all eyes are likely to be on the markets, in addition to technology forums, where token holders are already queuing up with questions related to trading, token registration, airdrops and wallet compatibility.
由於EOS已經可以公開交易，幾乎所有人的注意力都集中在交易市場和技術社區兩方面。在這些社區中，代幣持有者們正帶著一連串亟待解決的疑問焦急的等待，這些疑問涉及：交易、令牌註冊、空投和錢包兼容性等等。
Clarity has been hard to come by, something that hasn't been helped by a lack of dialogue from those who have been most publicly associated with the project.
針對這些疑問尚沒有清晰完整的解釋，究其根本是因為項目的直接相關人與大眾缺乏有效對話。
Nevertheless, the upcoming launch process is not wholly mysterious.
Most notably, the launch will begin 23 hours after the protocol's publisher, Block.one, makes the code available as open-source software. The release of the code, however, will be the extent of Block.one's involvement in the launch.
儘管如此，即將到來的主網啟動並不完全是神秘的。其中最值得一提的是，啟動過程將在協議開發者Block.one提供開源代碼的23個小時後開始。代碼的發佈，代表著Block.one更廣泛的參與到了主網啟動中。
From there, a community of aspiring block producers -- various entities competing to act as validators in the network's delegated proof-of-stake system (dPOS) -- will subsequently pick up the baton as part of an elaborate process that appears unorthodox, even in the evolving world of new blockchain technologies.
啟動？不同凡響
Upon the software's release, this group of block producers -- which includes an unknown set of exchanges, crypto mining operations, consultancies and others -- will first take a "snapshot" of the EOS tokens (represented on the ethereum blockchain, used for fundraising) to determine the quantity of EOS tokens that must migrate to users EOS wallets.
軟件發佈在即，這群包含了交易所、礦場、諮詢公司以及其他形形色色的人員和團體的節點們，即將首次拍攝EOS 代幣（基於以太鏈，用於籌款）“快照”，從而確定必須遷移到用戶EOS錢包的EOS 代幣數量。
For users who have bought EOS tokens, this merely means that the block producers will verify that the bala**8nce of tokens at their new EOS address is the same as the previous balance of EOS tokens at their ethereum address.
對於已經購買EOS 代幣的用戶來說，這僅僅意味著節點們將要驗證新的EOS地址上的代幣餘額與先前在以太鏈地址上的代幣餘額是否一致。
According to Block.one, EOS token holders can ensure that their tokens transfer by registering their ethereum addresses prior to June 2.
Upon the completion of the token verification process, a limited number of block producers will be appointed to test the blockchain prior to making it available to the public.
按照Block.one的說法，EOS持有人可以在6月2日前對自己的以太地址進行註冊，從而確保他們的EOS代幣能夠完成轉賬。
代幣驗證過程完成後，一些被指定的塊生成者將會在區塊鏈上進行驗證，隨後將結果公之於眾。
"What we're going to do is launch the mainnet together as a group, but we're going to freeze it so that no [token] transfers can happen yet, " Dafeng Guo, co-founder of EOS Asia, a developer consortium specialized in the EOS blockchain, told CoinDesk.
“我們所要做的是以團隊形式來啟動主網，但我們會暫時凍結主網，以避免此時產生任何代幣轉賬行為。”郭達峰對CoinDesk說。（注：郭達峰是 EOS Asia的聯合創始人，而EOS Asia 是一個專注 EOS 區塊鏈的開發者團隊。）
He added that the block producers will then "clone the chain" and complete a "bunch of testing on it" to ensure that its smart contract, voting and multi-sig wallet functionalities work. According to a statement circulated by multiple block producer candidates, third parties will also be able to test the network at that time.
Once the block producers conclude their tests, the network will be available to token holders, however they will still be unable to carry out token transfers.
一旦節點們完成這一系列測試，主網將對持幣者們開放，然而此時依然不能進行代幣轉賬。
The protocol's consensus system (delegated proof-of-stake) requires users to first select block producers by voting, which is carried out by 'staking' tokens. Users with more tokens have more influence in the election of block producers than those with fewer tokens, and 15 percent of the network's total tokens must be staked in order for users to kick-off token transferal.
這份協議的共識系統（DPOS）需要用戶先綁定持有的EOS代幣來參與節點投票。持幣數多的用戶將比持幣數少的用戶擁有更高的影響力。另一方面，必須至少有15%的代幣參與綁定並投票才能夠觸發投票結果。隨後用戶們才能開始正常的轉賬行為。
The voting process is one anticipated pain point of the launch. As CoinDesk has previously reported, there has been widespread confusion within the community as to how to vote and user-friendly interfaces are few and far in between. Programming-literate token holders can vote via a command line interface, but less tech-savvy users will likely have to rely on crowdfunded projects like EOS Portal.
投票過程是主網啟動的一個預期痛點。正如新聞資源網CoinDesk先前報道的那樣，社區中普遍存在著一種疑慮，即如何投票以及界面友好性設計幾乎為零。有編程背景的代幣持有人可以通過命令行界面進行投票，但是那些不太懂技術的用戶可能需要依賴EOS Portal之類的眾籌項目。
"If we can't vote, then we can't activate the chain," Kevin Rose, co-founder and head of community at block producer candidate EOS New York, told CoinDesk.
Kevin Rose是候選節點EOS New York的聯合創始人以及核心成員，他對CoinDesk說：“如果不能投票，就無法激活主鏈”。
According to Guo and Rose, the period of time between the protocol's launch on mainnet to the conclusion of testing could be hours or days. The voting process is likely to add additional time.
根據郭達峰和Kevin Rose所說，在主網協議啟動之後，測試結果需要數小時或數天才能得出。投票的過程還需要花費額外的時間。
In other words, it is unlikely that the EOS blockchain will launch on mainnet, become public and allow users to undertake transfers all on the same day.
換句話說，EOS區塊鏈不太可能在主網上線當天就同步對外開放網站並允許用戶進行代幣交易。
漏洞？誰也說不準
Another potential roadblock to the full activation of the chain is vulnerability in the code.
完全激活公鏈的另一個潛在阻礙是代碼中存在的漏洞。
Earlier this week, major China-based internet security firm Qihoo 360 informed Block.one that the protocol had a "series of epic vulnerabilities" that made its nodes susceptible to attackers. Developers fixed the bug on the same day, and Block.one CTO Daniel Larimer subsequently announced a 'bug bounty' on Twitter, offering $10,000 for major finds.
本週早些時候，中國領先的互聯網安全企業奇虎360告知Block.one，他們發現EOS協議中有“一系列史詩級漏洞”，節點易受攻擊。開發人員在當天就修復了上述漏洞，Block.one首席技術官Daniel Larimer（BM）隨後在推特上發佈 “漏洞賞金”懸賞公告，提供有價值的漏洞的用戶將會獲得1萬美金的獎勵。
Guo predicted that other bugs will crop up after the launch, and said he was happy that Qihoo 360 is reviewing the EOS code.Guo predicted that other bugs will crop up after the launch, and said he was happy that Qihoo 360 is reviewing the EOS code.
郭達峰預計主網啟動後還將發現其他漏洞，同時他也表示很高興奇虎360正在核查EOS代碼。
"I anticipate that there might be more vulnerabilities being discovered and patched in the first one or two weeks after the code is frozen," he said, adding that the severity of the issues, and hence their effect on the network, could vary. "It could be a very easy patch or it could be a harder to fix type of problem," he explained.
“我認為可能會出現更多的漏洞，在代碼凍結後的一到兩週內將對其進行修復”，他補充道這些問題的嚴重性以及對網絡產生的影響可能千差萬別。“它可能只需要一個極為簡易的補丁，或者是一個難以修復的問題，”他解釋說。
Still, Kyle Samani, managing partner at crypto investment fund and EOS investor Multicoin Capital, downplayed the potential for bugs to disrupt the launch.
不過加密貨幣投資基金和EOS投資人Multicoin Capital公司的主理合夥人Kyle Samani對那些可能影響主網啟動的潛在漏洞持樂觀態度。
"That's par for the course for any system of this scale," he said of Qihoo 360's discovery. "If you look at the history of these systems, like ethereum 1.0 when it was launched, it's amazing that the thing even worked. It was really held together with duct tape. And if you look at bitcoin in its early days, it's the same thing. It's always going to be a little bit rough, but overall things are trending in a very good direction."
他談到奇虎360的發現時表示，“對於這種規模的系統來說，存在漏洞是不可避免的。如果查看類似系統的歷史文件，比如以太坊啟動時使用的1.0版本，我們會發現以太坊系統竟然能夠運轉，這真是一件神奇的事。它簡直是用紙糊的。再看看初期階段的比特幣，亦是如此。早期系統總會有些粗糙，但是總體而言會朝著非常好的方向發展。”
Nonetheless, he added that Multicoin is "keeping an eye on the GitHub issues log."
儘管如此，他補充說Multicoin Capital公司“一直在留意GitHub的問題日誌”。
For his part, Rose said he was confident that Block.one would adequately address issues with the code before the launch, but "if extra time is needed, that's ok," he added.
Kevin Rose表示，他相信Block.one會在啟動前很好地解決代碼問題，就算“需要更長一些的時間也是可以的，”他補充說。
克隆鏈？
While the prevalence of bugs remains to be seen, Rose and Guo said one likely outcome of the mainnet launch is the creation of mainnet "clones" - or forks of the EOS blockchain created to steal users' tokens.
雖然漏洞是否廣泛傳播還有待觀察，但Kevin Rose和郭達峰表示，主網上線的一個可能結果是產生了主網的“克隆”版本或出現用於在EOS鏈上竊取用戶代幣的不法之徒。
"This is going to be wrought with scams because this software is open source and the EOS private keys are the same across all networks that launch," Rose explained of the launch.
EOSIO會經受各種騙局和詐騙的考驗，因為軟件是開源的並且EOS私鑰在所有啟動的網絡上都是相同的。
"It's kind of tricky because ordinary token holders, they don't know which one is the real mainnet," Guo said. Likewise, he suggested that airdrops - the distribution of free tokens often through forks - could make these clones all the more tempting.
達峰表示，欺詐問題確實很棘手，因為普通持幣者可能無法辨別哪一條是真正的主鏈。同樣地，他還說空投，即，將免費代幣對用戶分發，也可能會將用戶吸引到“克隆”鏈上去。
"For them, from just purely a game theory point of view, they probably also don't care as much. Some people will be like, 'Oh I have an extra token,'" he continued.
“對用戶來說，從純粹的博弈論角度來看，可能也不太在意“克隆”鏈的事情，有些人會說：'我充其量算是持有更多的代幣'，”他繼續說道。
Guo explained that these clones carry additional risk because, unlike bitcoin for example, "there is no standard" for the EOS blockchain, so the first mainnet version is not guaranteed to create a committed following.
達峰解釋說，這些克隆鏈會帶來額外的風險，因為與比特幣不同的是，EOS區塊鏈“沒有標準”，所以第一個主網版本不能保證像預期一樣被追捧。
While forks can be valuable ways for communities to experiment, Guo said he thinks early EOS forks are unlikely to be well-intentioned.
儘管分叉可以成為社區實驗的寶貴經驗，但郭表示他認為早期的EOS分叉不太可能是善意的。
"Since there is no EOS mainnet yet, anybody who is trying to launch a clone at this moment is just taking advantage of the situation."
“由於目前還EOS主網還未上線，現在任何發佈克隆鏈的人都只是借題發揮。”
Rose said he advises users to be "extremely vigilant" about inputting their private keys and to rely on unified statements put out by mainnet block producers.
"Do not do so unless you are absolutely certain that you have heard from at least five reputable sources. And when I say reputable sources I mean block producers you trust that have published the exact same statement, on the same day, that says to do the same thing at the same time. Don't do anything until you see that," he cautioned.
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