自我們學習英語以來,動詞不定式就伴隨在我們左右,是動詞,卻不能作謂語,這便是我們對動詞不定式的最基本的認識,還有什麼呢?他有固定的形式——to+動詞原形,但是這樣的認知可不全面哦,因為to在有的情況下是要省略的。
動詞不定式在高考中完形填空,短文改錯,短文填空中都有涉及,但是完型填空對動詞不定式的要求不高,大多都是根據句義選擇,所以今天我們針對短文填空和短文改錯來學習相關知識。話不多說,現在開始吧。
動詞不定式常見用法
1.動詞不定式用於ask,agree,afford,expect,hope,manage,promise等動詞後。
2.it作形式主語或形式賓語時,可用動詞不定式做真正主語或真正賓語。
3.動詞不定式用於疑問句後,構成:疑問句+動詞不定式“結構
4.sth+be動詞+adj(easy/difficult/comfortable....)+to do 及 with +sth+to do 結構中,動詞不定式可用主動形式表示被動意義。
5.動詞不定式作狀語,表示目的,結果或原因,動詞不定式作定語,常放於被修飾的名詞之後。
6.動詞不定式用於某些固定搭配中,如:would like to do,have no choice but to do等
注意:動詞不定式在see,hear,make等動詞後作賓語補足語時,不定式符號to需省略,但在被動語態中,不定式符號to不能省略。
do nothing but... can't help but等後常接省略to的不定式。
Use as subject(用作主語)
舉例:To see is to believe.
To attend patients is her work.
use as object(用作賓語)
1.無區別:
begin/start/continue+doing/to do
舉例:It began to rain./It began raining.
區別:不定式表達人的願望或將來的動作。現在分詞(-ing)表達發生過的動作,正在進行的動作或抽象概念。
2.like/love/hate+to do/doing
舉例:I like playing basketball but now I don't like to play it.
這句話是什麼意思呢,大家應該都懂:我喜歡打籃球,但是現在我不想打。那麼問題來了,為什麼兩者表達形式不同呢?
-ing形式表達的可以是現在進行,也可以表達狀態,在這句話裡,喜歡打籃球便是一直不變的狀態。而動詞不定式則可以表達順時和動作,就是我一直都喜歡打籃球,但是在這一瞬間,我不想打。
3.remenber/forget+to do/doing(注意兩者意思不同)
舉例:I forget to close the door.——我忘記關門了。
I forget closing the door.——我忘記我關過門了。
4.固定搭配
stop to do/doing sth,go on to do/doing,try to do/doing,mean to do,regret to do/doing(兩者意思都相同)
5.只能後跟不定式作賓語的動詞
wish,want desire hope require,demand,expect,request,beg,ask——表願望或請求
mange,pretend,happen,affored,refuse,tend,decide,determine
6.只能後跟動名詞作賓語的動詞
consider,think of,imagine,mind,ignore
appreciate,dislike,enjoy,stand
finish,keep (on)
admit,deny,propose,suggest
excuse,pardon,foegive
can't help doing sth(情不自禁),give up doing sth,put off doing sth,delay
usd as attribute(用作定語)
舉例:They are arranging the meeting to be held next Monday.
He made a list of things to be bought at the supermarket.
usd as object complement(用作賓語補足語)
例:I persuaded him to take my advice.
I asked Tom to go upstairs.
特別注意:see,find,notice,watch,observe,hear,feel,make,have,let後不加to
used as adverbial(用作副詞)
1.表目的
舉例:To catch the early bus,I got up early.
To study English better,he takes an extra course at weekend.
2.表原因
舉例:I‘m glad to see you.
I am sorry to trouble you.
3.表動作
舉例:The picture is beautiful to look at.
The music is nice to listen to.
注意:不定式做動詞狀語,必須與前面主語形成邏輯動賓關係。
4.表結果,程度
結構一:too+adj/adv+to do
結構二:adj/adv+enough +to do.
5.表結果
舉例:She went home from work,only to find her house broken into.
動詞不定式高中考的內容到此就結束啦,大家有學到多少呢
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