世界農化網中文網報道： 上月底，歐盟最高法院裁定基因編輯作物為轉基因作物，業界一片譁然。之後有讀者留言詢問目前是否有辦法將基因編輯和傳統育種作物區分出來，要知道基因編輯可以做到不引進外源基因，最後選育的作物和傳統育種基本沒什麼區別。為此，我們邀請了全球的專家來和世界農化網一起探討這一問題。我們也希望中國的讀者朋友們能參與我們的討論，歡迎評論留言。
Alejandro Hernández, CropLife Latin America（植保拉美協會）
Imagine you sample the whole shipment right now from a Comercial commodity, in the market there are several varieties that had cross pollinated and between them there is huge genomic differences and they are all mixed in the commodities trade, meaning that you will have billions of grains and consequently billions of possibilities, you add the spontaneous single base pair mutation rate which is be roughly 7×10-9 per bp per generation at least in Arabidopsis and the natural mutation by UV and transposons, and, perhaps you can find the same genome editing mutation, by chance and done by nature. So, sequencing may do the work of detection, but finding the origin of that mutation would be very difficult.
想象一下，你現在從一種商品中抽查整批貨物的樣品，在市場上有許多品種已經交叉授粉，並且他們之間存在這巨大的基因組差異，他們都混合在商品貿易中，這意味你將面對數十億的穀物，數十億的可能性。如果你把自發的單鹼基對突變率計算在內，在擬南芥（模式植物）一個世代中基因組每一個鹼基發生自然突變（紫外線和轉座子）的概率大概為7×10-9，也許基因編輯產生的變化能夠在自然發生的變異中找到相同的變異。因此測序也許可能能夠檢測到突變，但是找到突變的起源將會非常的困難。
Rosa Inés González-Torres, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥國立自治大學）
These have technical difficulties to stablish the differences but it is not impossible (you have to compare the whole genome of both), that is a reason why some governments are analysing the situation. It would be better to trust in the scientific auto-regulation.
儘管在技術上並非不可能區別兩者的差異，但是會非常困難（你必須比較兩者的全基因組序列）。這也是一些政府評估是否要將基因編輯作物歸類為轉基因作物的原因。我認為信任科學的自我調節機制會更好。
Mark Gadlage, DuPont Pioneer（杜邦先鋒）
Most likely, DNA sequencing will be needed to determine if a specific cultivar, variety, or hybrid was subject to gene editing. In some cases where edits are made and can be found identically in nature from a specific species, it will essentially be up to the companies that are creating gene edited crops to be upfront and honest about which cultivars, varieties, or hybrids were created through the technology.
最有可能的是需要進行DNA測序來確定某一栽培品種、品種或者雜交種是否被基因編輯了。在某些特殊情況下，編輯後的基因也能夠在自然界中某些特別的品種中找到，這時候就基本分別不出來了。所以從根本上來說，這將由選育基因編輯作物的公司決定是否告知其選育的栽培品種、品種或者雜交種是否是通過基因編輯技術獲得的，這需要這些公司保持正直和誠實。
Ray Shillito, BASF（巴斯夫）
Single base or small deletions are indistinguishable from naturally occurring so no analytical methods cannot distinguish.
單鹼基或小的片段缺失在自然界中也會發生，所以分析的方法是無法將兩者區分開來的。
Dr.Venkata RamiReddy Sanampudi, Limagrain（利馬格蘭）
Can not we detect through difference in nucleotide change before and after editing by means of SNP genotyping and other sequence based detection methods?
我們不能夠通過SNP基因分型分析或者其他的以測序為基礎的檢測方法來檢測基因編輯前後核苷酸的變化嗎？
Fan-Li Chou, USDA（美國農業部）
What would be the impetus for testing? Is the testing due to safety concerns? For compliance?
為什麼要進行檢測呢？檢測的動力是出於安全考慮？還是合規考慮？
小編：由於最近歐盟最高法院裁定基因編輯作物為轉基因作物，我想他們之後必須對作物進行檢測以確定是否是基因編輯作物。
Fan-Li：The ECJ ruling is not a positive step for agriculture, that is for sure. However, the European Commission has yet to determine how to implement the ruling. Hopefully the EC will consider science as they move forward. Also, testing is an inefficient and costly way to ensure legal compliance when there is no health or other safety concern that justify the testing.
可以肯定的說，歐盟最高法院的裁定對農業來說不是積極的一步。但是歐盟委員會尚未決定如何執行該裁決。希望歐盟委員會在推進的過程中更多的考慮科學。此外，當沒有健康或者其他安全問題來證明檢測的必要性時，檢測是保證合規一種低效並且昂貴的方法。
Ravi Kumar Tomar, Syngenta（先正達）
By checking genome sequence I think, Researchers can tell more
我覺得可以通過基因組的測序來進行區別，研究人員能告訴我們更多的方法。
Elangovan Mani, Advanta Seeds
Yeah, it’s possible. CRISPR edited plants may have background non-target mutations. But, EMS mutation derived plants will have too many random mutations. With deep genome sequencing, I believe you cannot distinguish CRISPR edited or natural mutation (EMS derived). So, if any variety is protected by IPR, they need to elaborate the breeding methods.
是的，這是可能的。通過基因編輯（CRISPR ）的植物可能具有非靶標的突變。但是通過 EMS誘變（傳統育種方法的一種）獲得的植物會有更多的隨機突變。通過深度的基因組測序，我相信你無法區分是基因編輯還是天然突變（EMS誘導突變）。因此任何受到知識產權保護的品種，品種所有人（公司）需要詳細說明育種的方法。
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