四十年前，中华大地吹响了改革开放的号角。自那以后，中国的国家面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化，人民群众的生活水平有了显著提高。许多中国人都多少经历或参与过这其中的某些伟大时刻，他们切身感受到四十年来中国的迅猛发展，并为祖国的日益强盛而感到自豪。

Forty years ago, China sounded the trumpet of reform and opening-up. Since then, there have been several earth-shaking changes in China's national image and its peoples' lives. Any Chinese citizen who has experienced the events over the past forty years is a witness to China's development.

今年是新中国成立70周年，也是全面建成小康社会关键之年。在此之际，

2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China and is a year of crucial importance in building a moderately prosperous society. In this series of interviews, China Focus interviewed 15 world-renowned leaders from politics, academia, media and technology to celebrate this miraculous occasion. The series shows that not only ordinary Chinese civilians but many foreign leaders and well-known scholars have also felt China's transformation immensely. They too admit that in just 40 years, China has created several astonishing miracles, and are optimistic about China's future development.

中国奇迹

China's Miracles

▲ 巴基斯坦前总理 肖卡特·阿齐兹

Shaukat Aziz, former Prime Minister of Pakistan

回忆起上世纪七八十年代的北京，巴基斯坦前总理肖卡特・阿齐兹依稀记得，那时候在北京的大街上几乎看不到过往的车辆，偶尔能看到一些公交车和出租车，但大部分供外宾使用。消费也不是很便利，外宾来到中国后，需要先用美元兑换成外汇券，想买东西也只能去友谊商店。“八十年代的友谊商店，不是普通人都能进的，外汇券是这里的唯一流通货币”，阿齐兹回忆道。

Former Pakistani Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz can still remember Beijing as it was in the 1970s and 1980s. "In those days, there were hardly any vehicles on the roads. There were a few buses and taxis, which were mostly used by foreigners. When foreigners came to China, they had to exchange U.S. dollars for foreign exchange vouchers, which they could use in China to buy things in the friendship stores. In the 1980s, friendship stores were not easily accessible to people. The only currency that was in circulation was foreign exchange vouchers", Aziz recalled.

▲ 蒙古国前总统 彭萨勒玛 · 奥其尔巴特

Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, former President of Mongolia

上世纪80年代，蒙古国前总统彭萨勒玛・奥其尔巴特前往香港、泰国时。途径北京，在他的记忆中，那时的北京看上去比较贫穷，人们的生活并不富裕，街道狭窄老旧，满街都是骑自行车的人，汽车也是稀罕物，很少看得到。然而，当奥其尔巴特2018年再来北京时，他却惊叹：“北京这些年变化实在太大了，如果把我放在这座偌大的城市里，我恐怕也只能找到蒙古大使馆的位置，从一座城的变化就足以窥见这些年中国的改革成效。”

In the 1980s, Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, who later became the first President of Mongolia in 1990, was in Beijing for a short trip on his way to Hong Kong and Thailand. He reminisced to China Focus, "(at) that time everything about Beijing, the life, the streets, the bicycles, the vehicles, etc. seemed very poor and underprivileged." When he returned in 2018, the former Mongolian President discovered that Beijing had changed completely. "I can only tell where the Mongolian Embassy is. Everything else is unrecognizable. That's how much China has reformed and developed."

▲ 哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院前院长、教授 格雷厄姆 · 艾利森

Graham Allison, political scientist and professor at John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard

美国著名国际问题专家格雷厄姆・艾利森告诉China Focus：“任何关注（中国）过去40年变迁的人，都会感到震惊，这是一系列的奇迹。”

Graham Allison, a well-known American expert on international issues, beamed to China Focus that "I think anybody who has been following what has happened over the last 40 years has to be astounded. It's been a whole series of miracles."

▲ 韩国总统外交统一安全特别助理 文正仁

Moon Chung-in, special adviser to the President of the Republic of Korea

“从1978年到2018年，中国的人均收入增长了155倍以上。1978年的中国几乎没有专利，而截止到2018年底，中国国内（不含港澳台）的发明专利拥有量已经超过160万件。我没有见过其他任何一个国家能在这么短的时间里实现如此大的飞跃。” 韩国总统外交统一安全特别助理文正仁说：“1978年的中国一年仅仅生产了10万辆汽车，而现在每年的汽车产量达到了2900万辆。如今的中国是世界上最大的贸易国，并且是世界上外汇储备最多的国家，所有这一切都表明中国的变化是惊人的。”

Moon Chung-in, special adviser to the President of the Republic of Korea, said, "From 1978, per capita income in Beijing has risen more than 155 times. No country has recorded that kind of change in such a short period of time. I also think about how China virtually had no patents in 1978, but by the end of 2018, the country has possessed more than 1.6 million patents. I also think back to 1978, when you (China) barely had 100,000 automobiles produced in China, and now China produces 29 million automobiles a year. In China, the changes have been tremendous. China is the No.1 trading country in the world and the country with the world’s largest foreign reserves. All those indicate that the transformation has been phenomenal."

▲ 贝格鲁恩研究会高级顾问 内森 · 嘉德尔斯

Nathan Gardels, senior adviser to the Berggruen Institute

“世界银行的数据显示，中国的绝对贫困人口已经不到1%了。仅仅用了40年的时间就做到这一点，这是惊人的成就”，贝格鲁恩研究院高级顾问内森・嘉德尔斯赞叹道。

"According to the World Bank, less than one percent of China's population is in absolute poverty. In only forty years, that's an amazing accomplishment," exclaimed Nathan Gardels, a senior consultant at the Berggruen Institute in the United States.

未来发展

Next Phase of China's Development

中国的发展不仅改变了自身的面貌，也为世界经济发展带来了机遇和动力。

China's development has not only created changes in its appearance but also brought opportunities and impetus to global economic growth.

▲ 英国上院资深议员 戴维森勋爵

Lord Davidson, member of the UK House of Lords

英国上院资深议员戴维森勋爵称：“经济全球化让世界融为一体，一切国家的发展都成为世界性的。因而，随着中国的日渐强大，它的发展也会带动欧盟、英国等世界上其他国家和地区的经济增长。通过改革开放，中国已成为世界经济的主要增长引擎，我相信，未来这种拉动作用还会持续下去。”

Lord Davidson, a member of the UK House of Lords, said, "The global economy has changed everything, and the growth people see in the EU and the UK is partly a result from China's development. China has become an engine of global growth through this policy, and that will continue."

他认为，未来中英两国有很大合作空间，在人工智能、大数据等技术领域上加强合作，可以实现优势互补，共同推动高新技术产业发展。

He believes that there is much room for future cooperation between China and the United Kingdom (UK), and that China and the UK can complement each other through cooperation in technical areas such as artificial intelligence and big data.

▲ 匈牙利前总理 鲍伊瑙伊 · 戈尔东

Gordon Bajnai, former Prime Minister of Hungary

匈牙利前总理鲍伊瑙伊・戈尔东认为，中国不仅在过去40年中迅速发展起来，成为世界第二大经济体，而且中国的发展并未止步，“中国已经为下一轮改革做好了准备”。

Former Hungarian Prime Minister Gordon Bajnai argues that China has developed dramatically over the past 40 years to become the world's second largest economy, and that its progress has not stopped. "China is ready for the next round of reforms."

▲ 丹麦前首相 赫勒 · 托宁-施密特

Helle Thorning-Schmidt, former Danish Prime Minister

丹麦前首相赫勒・托宁-施密特期待中国可以进一步开放市场，她说：“我希望中国能够完全开放市场，接纳海外投资。同时我也希望中国可以进一步融入到全球金融市场，这非常重要。”

Former Danish Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt looks forward to further opening up of Chinese markets. "I hope China will fully open its market and accept further overseas investment," she said. "I hope that China will open up completely to foreign investment. I'm also hoping that China gets more involved in the global financial market, as all this is very important."

▲ 春华资本集团主席 胡祖六

Hu Zuliu, Chairman of Primavera Capital Group

春华资本创始人胡祖六表示：“中国仍然属于中等收入国家，人们的生活水平与北美、日本和西欧相比仍有差距，所以我们要更加努力。中国人非常有创业精神，吃苦耐劳。我们需要通过改革来摆脱旧体制的弊病，并鼓励创业和创新，以释放中国的经济潜力。”

Hu Zuliu, founder of Primavera Capital Group, stated that "we (China) are still just a middle-income country and our citizens have not reached the same living standards as that of North America, Japan and Western Europe. So, we need to work harder. But the Chinese people are very entrepreneurial and hardworking. We need reforms to get rid of the old central planning legacy, to unleash Chinese economic potential by embracing entrepreneurship and innovation."

撰文 / China Focus团队

图片 / 网络

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