The UK just gave the car industry 15 years to ditch fossil fuels
英国要求汽车产业15年内抛弃化石燃料
（比亚迪与英国著名巴士制造商Alexander Dennis（ADL）为英国北部最大城市格拉斯哥交付的纯电动单层大巴）
Britain will ban sales of new gasoline and diesel cars from 2035 — five years earlier than planned — heaping pressure on an auto industry that is already struggling to cope with a global sales slump and the fallout from Brexit.
英国将从2035年起禁止销售新型汽油和柴油车，这比原计划提前了五年。这将给本已疲于应对全球销量下滑和英国脱欧影响的汽车行业带来更大压力。
"It''''s extremely concerning that government has seemingly moved the goalposts for consumers and industry on such a critical issue," Mike Hawes, the chief executive of the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, said in a statement. "With current demand for this still expensive technology still just a fraction of sales, it''''s clear that accelerating an already very challenging ambition will take more than industry investment."
美国汽车制造商与贸易商协会首席执行官迈克·霍斯在一份声明中表示：“政府似乎已经在这样一个关键问题上改变了消费者和行业的目标，这非常令人担忧。鉴于目前对这种仍然昂贵的技术的需求仍只占销售的一小部分，很明显，加速一项已经非常具有挑战性的雄心需要的不仅仅是行业投资。”
The new commitment puts the United Kingdom in a group of countries leading the phase out of cars powered by fossil fuels. Norway wants all new passenger cars and vans sold in the country to be zero-emission vehicles by 2025, and India has called for new cars sold there to be powered by electricity by 2030.
这项新的承诺使英国成为率先逐步淘汰化石燃料汽车的国家之一。挪威希望在该国销售的所有新乘用车和面包车到2025年成为零排放汽车，而印度则要求在2030年之前在该国销售的新车都使用电力驱动。
Rebecca Newsom, Greenpeace UK Head of Politics, said in a statement that phasing out the internal combustion engine in the United Kingdom would have to happen even sooner, by 2030 at the latest, in order to give the country a chance of hitting its climate targets.
绿色和平组织英国政治主管丽贝卡·纽森在一份声明中表示，为了给英国一个实现其气候目标的机会，英国最迟必须在2030年之前逐步淘汰内燃机。
Even meeting the 2035 goal would require a complete transformation of the UK car market. The number of battery-powered electric vehicles sold last year in Britain grew by 144%, but sales still only made up less than 2% of the total. Hybrids, which would also be banned under the new policy in 2035, made up roughly 8% of total vehicle sales.
即使要实现2035年的目标，也需要英国汽车市场的彻底转型。去年，英国电池驱动的电动汽车销量增长了144%，但销量仅占总销量的不到2%。混合动力汽车约占总汽车销量的8%。根据2035年的新政策，混合动力汽车也将被禁止。
Brexit is likely to continue to stoke uncertainty.
英国脱欧可能会继续加剧不确定性。
The global automakers who have built factories in the country fear the year could end without Britain having agreed a new trade deal with the European unx. That would snarl their supply chains, disrupt production and erode profit margins that are already razor thin.
在英国建厂的全球汽车制造商担心，今年英国可能还是无法与欧盟达成新的贸易协议。这将扰乱他们的供应链，扰乱生产，侵蚀本已微薄的利润率。
评论翻译：
sw04ca
Well, as long as the government is going to support the electrical infrastructure to set this up, it''''s not the worst thing. With it''''s relatively warm climate and dense population, the UK is a great place for electric cars.
好吧，只要政府支持电力基础设施的建设，这就不是最糟糕的事情。英国气候相对温暖，人口密集，是电动车的好去处。
emmabrggs
first time i’ve ever heard the U.K. be described as having “a relatively warm climate”
我长这么大第一次听到英国被形容为“气候相对温暖”
Sinarum
UK winters are warm compared to even East Asian countries. I just googled and Beijing is -6C right now, Seoul is -12C, and Pyongyang is -14C.
英国的冬天甚至比东亚国家还暖和。我刚刚用谷歌搜索了一下，北京现在是零下6度，首尔是零下12度，平壤是零下14度。
Taintsmellslikeramen
Pyongyang is never cold, because the dear leader will always keep us warm
平壤从来都不冷，因为敬爱的领袖将永远温暖我们
CorneliusAlphonse
Yep. Compared to North America, UK winters and summers are both mild, elevation changes are gradual, and distances driven are much lower. Battery packs can be much smaller and remain suitable.
是的。与北美相比，英国的冬季和夏季气候温和，海拔变化缓慢，行驶距离也低得多。电池组可以更小，并保持适合。
BenTVNerd
Plus I believe soon EVs will be able to get a full charge in minutes. Sure it won''''t be as fast as getting a full tank of fuel but still very fast.
另外，我相信电动车很快就能在几分钟内充满电。当然不会像加满油那么快，但还是很快。
streusel_kuchen
I don''''t think EVs will be able to charge in minutes, but I do think battery swapping technology will become more feasible. I think the biggest problem is in the charging efficiency of LiPo batteries.
Assuming a 90% charge efficiency, 10% of the capacity of the battery will be discharged as heat during the charging process. A tesla contains about 0.31MJ of energy, so charging it up wastes about 30kJ, which is a lot of energy to dissipate in a short amount of time without damaging something.
That said it''''s entirely possible some new technology will come around and replace LiPo, but I''''m not so sure about it.
我不认为电动汽车能在几分钟内充电，但我认为电池交换技术将变得更加可行。我认为最大的问题是锂电池的充电效率。
假设充电效率为90%，那么在充电过程中，电池容量的10%将作为热量排出。一辆特斯拉大约包含0.31MJ的能量，所以充电会浪费大约30kJ的能量，这是在短时间内消耗掉的大量能量，而且不会损坏东西。
也就是说，完全有可能会出现一些新技术来取代锂聚合物电池，但我不太确定。
The_upper_farm
I''''m all for transitioning to electric cars but i have so many concerns about how much infrastructure is needed to make them as convenient as traditional cars. For example i live in an apartment and don''''t have a way to charge an electric car if i really wanted to buy one. I''''m curious about other hurdles like this.
我完全支持向电动汽车过渡，但我非常担心需要多少基础设施才能让电动汽车像传统汽车一样方便。例如，我住在公寓里，如果我真的想买一辆电动车，那我没有办法给它充电。我对其他类似的更换阻碍也很好奇。
Pallavtasse
Almost supermarkets in the UK have electric charging points already.
Don''''t know why you''''re talking about this as a future idea.
在英国，几乎所有超市都已经有了充电桩。
我不知道你为什么还要把这个作为未来的幻想。
ezaroo1
A decent number supermarkets around big cities and the south of england* - let’s not make us sound like electric car utopia we aren’t even close to that level of infrastructure.
I’d go as far as to say every town has a couple...
It’s definitely not a thing in 80% of Scotland, and I would imagine pretty rare in the north of England and Wales although I haven’t been looking recently - but anywhere outside a city you’re going to struggle.
Even around Glasgow there aren’t that many supermarkets with charging facilities - I can’t actually think of any but I’m sure there must be... There are a few at supermarkets in Edinburgh and Dundee though.
在大城市和英格兰南部有相当数量的超市——让我们不要把我们自己说成是电动汽车乌托邦，我们甚至还没有接近那个水平的基础设施。
我想说，每个城市都有一些……
但在苏格兰80%的地方绝对没有这种情况，我想在英格兰北部和威尔士也很少见，虽然我最近没去找过，但在城市以外的任何地方你都会在找充电桩时遇到困难。
即使在格拉斯哥附近也没有那么多超市有充电设施——我实在想不出有什么，但我肯定有……不过在爱丁堡和邓迪的超市也有一些。
the_little_stinker
Street light chargers on the existing infrastructure are not really feasible, most street lights use very little power and are fed from small cables over much longer distances than your average domestic supply
在现有基础设施上安装路灯充电器并不是真正可行的，大多数路灯只需要很少的电力，而且由小电缆供电，比普通的家庭供电要差得多
Metaplayer
As someone hoping that other countries in Europe will follow suit, I guess it is a good start. Britain is a huge economy in Europe and at the same time the auto industry is not as large as for example Germany, France and Spain. Britain could set the standard without risking quite as much
有人希望欧洲其他国家也能效仿，我想这是一个好的开始。英国在欧洲是一个巨大的经济体，但同时汽车工业也没有德国、法国和西班牙那么大。英国可以在不冒同样大风险的情况下设定这一标准
chessmerkin
Its not like there still wont be second hand petrol cars on the road 30 years down.
这并不是说30年后的今天，马路上就不会再有二手汽油车了。
DanielSank
Yeah but if you''''re a car manufacturer you want to sell, and if you can only legally sell electric then you''''re going to sell electric. Meanwhile the price of those second hand gas cars will continue to go up.
是的，但是如果你是一个想卖车的汽车制造商，如果你只能合法地卖电动车，那么你就会去卖电动车。但与此同时，这些二手汽油汽车的价格将继续上涨。
Lichewitz
Holy shit, if this actually happens, this is huge! I hope that they realize the amount of investment and research will need to be done in other, cleaner energy sources for this to happen, though
天啊，如果真的做到了，那就太NB了！不过，我希望他们意识到，要实现这一目标，还需要在其他更清洁的能源领域进行大量的投资和研究
Virtural_boi
My only problem with this is what''''s going to happen to all the gas cars? Do we throw them away? I''''d think it''''d be better for the environment and people to be able to take their existing car, and just, convert it into an electric car. Waaayy better than having to somehow dispose of hundreds of millions of gas cars.
我唯一的问题就是所有的汽油车会怎么样？我们要把它们扔掉吗？我认为把现有的汽车改装成电动汽车对环境和人们都有好处。这总比处理数亿辆汽油车要好。
ivan3dx
I don''''t think transforming a gas car into an electric car is possible. I didn''''t read the article to be honest, but maybe they just prohibit the manufacture (or import) of NEW gas cars, but allow old users to use and resell their own gas cars?
我认为把一辆汽油车改装成电动汽车是不可能的。说实话，我并没有读到这篇文章，但也许他们只是禁止制造（或进口）新的汽油车，而允许老用户使用和转售他们自己的汽油车？
LoveAGlassOfWine
Yes the idea is to warn people now, so they can think about what kind of car they buy in the future and to prepare the car industry.
There will still be petrol and diesel cars on the road here for years I imagine.
是的，我们的想法是现在就警告人们，这样他们就可以考虑将来买什么样的车，为汽车工业做准备。
我想，未来几年，这里的路上还会有汽油和柴油车。
gratow62
I also hope these governments are drawing up plans for what is happening to all the spare petrol cars that will exist at that time. The world is starting to look a lot like Terminator movie and I thought it was fiction.
我还希望这些政府正在制定计划，以应对届时将存在的所有备用汽油车的状况。世界看起来越来越像《终结者》电影了，我原来还以为那是虚构的呢。
LoveAGlassOfWine
They''''re just going to ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars. There will still be plenty of them on the road for probably 10 years or so after that, depending on when the public stop buying them.
他们将禁止销售新的汽油和柴油车。在那之后的10年左右的时间里，仍然会有很多这样的车在路上行驶，这取决于公众什么时候停止购买。
sum_force
Much too slow. Make it 5 years. No new car in 5 years may use fossil fuel. That''''s not even particularly challenging a goal. Maybe after 1 year still allow it but tax it heavily and use the revenue for carbon offset. After 2 years, straight out ban.
太缓慢了。五年就淘汰吧。五年内任何新车不得使用化石燃料。这甚至不是一个特别具有挑战性的目标。也许一年后仍然允许买，但是要征收重税，用税收来抵消碳排放。两年后，直接禁止。
roachstr0099G
Go UK!
干吧，英国！
ElleRisalo
But I was told the Tories were climate deniers and opposed to taking steps to reduce emissions.
但有人告诉我，保守党否认气候变化，反对采取措施减少排放。
ElleRisalo
Most Petro fired vehicles last 10+ years off the line. Most financing is based on a 60 month payment schedule.
5 years to pay out. 10 year life expectancy...leaves 5 years where one can save for an E vehicle.
The next 5 years are there for people to pay off those financings.
Doing it all in 5 years is basically asking the entire general public to take on a new vehicle loan within the next 5 years. Or dont drive.
That''''s just retarded
大多数燃油汽车可以使用10年以上。大多数融资是基于一个60个月的付款时间表。
5年付清。10年预期寿命……还有5年的时间可以攒钱买一辆电动汽车。
未来5年，人们需要偿还这些贷款。
如果在5年内完成这一切，基本上就是要求所有的普通大众在未来5年内接受一项新的汽车贷款。或者不开车。
这就是弱智的做法
LoveAGlassOfWine
Electric cars are really expensive at the moment. My car is 11 years old and will most likely die within the next 5. I can afford a new used car but probably not an electric one.
I guess this balances what''''s realistic for the average person with what we need to do for the environment.
I do think 10 years would probably be enough though.
现在电动汽车真的很贵。我的车已经用了11年了，很可能在5年内就会报废。我买得起一辆新二手车，但可能买不起电动汽车。
我想这个期限平衡了普通人的现实和我们需要为环境做的事情。
不过我认为10年可能就足够了。
feedayeen
It''''s a really good question, even from the perspective of wanting to get emissions as low as possible quickly there''''s some reasons why a rapid switch just isn''''t very practical. It takes years to do major production and economic changes like transitioning a nation and industry:
Manufacturing lines have already been built, it takes years to design new facilities and electric cars have enough unique components to make it a non-trivial task.
Production of essential components like batteries need to ramp up more and this also requires more facilities.
The technology is just now reaching the point where midrange and markets are viable. Even of new prices don''''t drop, a used market is slowly growing to cover the lower end but that takes time.
We need to expand other infrastructure to support the chargers, power distribution, and recycling of the e-waste.
这是一个很好的问题，即使从想要尽快降低排放的角度来看，也有一些原因说明快速的转变是不太实际的。生产和经济上的重大变化需要数年时间，比如国家和产业的转型：
1、生产线已经建成，设计新设施需要数年时间，电动汽车有足够多独特的部件，使之成为一项重要的任务。
2、电池等关键部件的生产需要加大力度，这也需要更多的设备。
3、该技术目前刚刚达到中档和市场可行的程度。即使新车价格没有下降，二手市场也在缓4、慢增长，以覆盖低端市场，但这需要时间。
我们还需要扩展其他基础设施来支持充电桩、电力分配和电子垃圾的回收。
MacaqueOfTheNorth
This makes no sense. You still have to burn fossil fuels to produce the electricity, and electric cars are less energy efficient than cars that run on gasoline.
这毫无道理。你仍然需要燃烧化石燃料来发电，而且电动汽车的能源效率比使用汽油的汽车要低。
Helicase21[S]
that''''s just untrue
不是这样的
Truckerontherun
Nice try, but the only electricity that appears out of thin air is lightning. If you want all the cars in England electric, you''''ll need to double the generation and transmission capacity of the current grid. That means a lot more wind, solar, nuclear, lines, transformers, digging, rigging, and all the other things to make this happen. If you want this to happen, the taxes better go up now so the infrastructure can get built
做得不错，但从空气中凭空产生的电力只有闪电。如果你想让所有的汽车都使用英国电力公司的产品，你需要将现有电网的发电和输电能力提高一倍。这意味着更多的风能、太阳能、核能、电线、变压器、施工、电缆和所有其他的东西来实现这一目标。如果你想要这一切发生，最好现在就提高税收，这样基础设施才能建设起来
Japspec
As a car enthusiast, I disapprove.
作为一个汽车爱好者，我不赞成。
nodakakak
So motorcycles are not a thing in the UK after 15 years...?
那么15年后，摩托车在英国就不存在了？
MeGrendel
So, I start investing in new cars now, prep them and put them in long term storage. Starting in 20 years I sell zero-mile ‘used’ cars for shitloads. Win-win.
所以，我现在开始投资购买新车，为它们保养，并把它们放在仓库里长期保存。从20年后，我开始卖零行驶里程的“二手”车。双赢。
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