词汇温习：
IFR flight plan : IFR飞行计划
IFR :仪表飞行规则 instrument flight rules ，是完全或者部分地按照航行驾驶仪表，判定航空器飞行状态及其位置的飞行。必须按照IFR飞行：IMC（低于目视气象条件）；云层、云裳目视气象条件；夜间飞行；高度6000m以上；必须具有姿态指引、高度指示、位置判断和时钟等设备。
VFR ：目视飞行规则 visual flight rules，指在可见天地线和地标的条件下，能够判明航空器飞行状态和目视判定方位的飞行。目视飞行机长对航空器间隔、距离及安全高度负责。
As specified in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 91, no person may operate an aircraft in controlled airspace under IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) unless that person has filed an IFR flight plan. Flight plans may be submitted to the nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) or air traffic control tower (ATCT) either in person, by telephone (1-800-WX-BRIEF), or by radio if no other means are available. Pilots should file IFR flight plans at least 30 minutes prior to estimated time of departure to preclude possible delay in receiving a departure clearance from ATC.
美国联邦法规（14 CFR）第91部分第14款的规定，除非该人已提交IFR飞行计划，否则任何人都不得根据IFR（《仪表飞行规则》）在受控空域内操作飞机。 可以亲自，通过电话（1-800-WX-BRIEF）或通过无线电（如果没有其他方法）将飞行计划提交到最近的飞行服务站（FSS）或空中交通管制塔台（ATCT）。 飞行员应该在预计起飞时间至少30分钟之前提交IFR飞行计划，以免延迟收到ATC的离场许可。
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IFR flight plans may be filed from the air under various conditions, including:
IFR飞行计划可能会在各种情况下从空中提交，包括：
1. A flight outside controlled airspace before proceeding into IFR conditions in controlled airspace.
2. A visual flight rules (VFR) flight expecting IFR weather conditions en route in controlled airspace.
1.在进入受控空域的IFR条件之前，在受控空域之外飞行。
2.目视飞行规则（VFR）飞行，期望在受控空域中途发生IFR天气情况。
In either of these situations, the flight plan may be filed with the nearest FSS or directly with the air route traffic control center (ARTCC). A pilot who files with the FSS submits the information normally entered during preflight filing, except for “point of departure,” together with present position and altitude. FSS then relays this information to the ARTCC. The ARTCC then clears the pilot from present position or from a specified navigation fix.
在这两种情况下，都可以向最近的FSS或直接向空中交通管制中心（ARTCC）提交飞行计划。 向FSS归档的飞行员提交飞行前归档中通常输入的信息（“出发点”除外）以及当前位置和高度。 然后，FSS将这些信息中继到ARTCC。 然后，ARTCC从当前位置或指定的导航定位清除飞行员。
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IFR experience can be gained through night flying which also promotes both instrument proficiency and confidence. The progression from flying at night under clear, moonlit conditions to flying at night without moonlight, natural horizon, or familiar landmarks teaches a pilot to trust the aircraft instruments with minimal dependence upon what can be seen outside the aircraft. It is a pilot’s decision to proceed with an IFR flight or to wait for more acceptable weather conditions.
通过夜间飞行可以获得IFR经验，这也可以提高仪器的熟练度和信心。 从在晴朗，月光下的夜晚飞行到没有月光，自然地平线或熟悉的地标的夜晚飞行的过程，使飞行员可以信任飞机仪器，而对飞机外部的看到却很少。 继续进行IFR飞行或等待更可接受的天气条件,这由飞行员决定。
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關鍵字: conditions may FSS
