聽力原文如下
<code>1.I'm here today to show my photographs of the Lakota.
今天，我給大家展示我拍攝的拉科塔人照片。
2.Many of you may have heard of the Lakota, or at least the larger group of tribes called the Sioux.
拉科塔人對於在座的許多人應該不陌生了， 至少也聽說過他們所屬的部落 蘇族。
3.The Lakota are one of many tribes that were moved off their land to prisoner of war camps now called reservations.
拉科塔人是眾多被迫離開家園的一支印第安人。 他們淪為戰俘，被驅趕到集中營裡， 也就是所謂的保留地。
4.The Pine Ridge Reservation, the subject of today's slide show, is located about 75 miles southeast of the Black Hills in South Dakota.
松嶺印地安人保留地， 就是今天圖片展的主題， 它位於南達科他州黑崗 東南方向75英里處。
5.It is sometimes referred to as Prisoner of War Camp Number 334, and it is where the Lakota now live.
它的別名是 334號戰俘集中營。 這裡就是現在拉科塔人的居住地。
6.Now, if any of you have ever heard of AIM, the American Indian Movement, or of Russell Means, or Leonard Peltier, or of the stand-off at Oglala,
如果你們有人聽說過AIM， 也就是美國印第安人運動(American Indian Movement), 或者拉塞爾. 米恩斯， 里奧納德. 皮爾帝爾， 奧加拉拉對峙事件，
7.then you know that Pine Ridge is ground zero for Native issues in the U.S.
那麼你肯定知道，在美國，松嶺保留地 就是印第安人問題集中地帶。
8.So I've been asked to talk a little bit today about my relationship with the Lakota, and that's a very difficult one for me.
今天，我應邀在此簡單介紹 我和拉科塔人之間的不解之緣， 對於我而言，這相當難能可貴。
9.Because, if you haven't noticed from my skin color, I'm white, and that is a huge barrier on a Native reservation.
因為，你們如果注意到我的膚色， 就知道我是白人， 這在印第安人保留地是一大禁忌。
10.You'll see a lot of people in my photographs today, and I've become very close with them, and they've welcomed me like family.
今天展示的照片中有形形色色的人， 我有幸成為他們的朋友，他們待我如親人一般。
11.They've called me "brother" and "uncle"
他們親切地和我以兄弟叔父相稱，
12.and invited me again and again over five years.
在過去的五年裡一次又一次請我上門作客。
13.But on Pine Ridge, I will always be what is called "wasichu,"
儘管如此，在松嶺， 我永遠被視為“wasichu”,
14.and "wasichu" is a Lakota word that means "non-Indian,"
“wasichu”是拉科塔語， 意思是非印第安人，
15.but another version of this word means "the one who takes the best meat for himself."
而這個詞還有另一個含義， 意思是“搶走上等好肉的人”。
16.And that's what I want to focus on -- the one who takes the best part of the meat.
這就是我今天的主題 -- 搶走上等好肉的人。
17.It means greedy.
這意味著貪婪。
18.So take a look around this auditorium today.
大家四下看看。
19.We are at a private school in the American West, sitting in red velvet chairs with money in our pockets.
我們身處美國西部一所私立學校裡， 坐在紅色絲絨的椅子上， 荷包鼓鼓。
20.And if we look at our lives, we have indeed taken the best part of the meat.
如果我們反恭自省， 就不難發現， 我們的確搶走了上等好肉。
21.So let's look today at a set of photographs of a people who lost so that we could gain, and know that when you see these people's faces
我們來好好看看這些圖片， 看看我們如何奪走了 本屬於另外一群人的生活。 不僅如此，當看到這些人的臉時，
22.that these are not just images of the Lakota; they stand for all indigenous people.
你知道他們不僅代表了拉科塔人。 還代表了所有印第安土著人。
23.On this piece of paper is the history the way I learned it from my Lakota friends and family.
這張紙上， 記錄著我從拉科塔朋友和家人那裡 學到的歷史。
24.The following is a time-line of treaties made, treaties broken and massacres disguised as battles.
下面是一組大事年表， 記錄了那些被撕毀了的協約 和一些看似戰鬥實為屠殺的事件。
25.I'll begin in 1824.
我從1824年講起。
26.What is known as the Bureau of Indian Affairs was created within the War Department, setting an early tone of aggression in our dealings with the Native Americans.
“印第安事務管理局 實為美國陸軍部下屬部門 一開始就在對待美國原駐民事務上 充滿敵意。
27.1851: The first treaty of Fort Laramie was made, clearly marking the boundaries of the Lakota Nation.
1851年： 第一次《拉勒米堡條約》， 明確劃定了拉科塔人的領土分界線。
28.According to the treaty, those lands are a sovereign nation.
根據條約， 分界線以內的土地構成一個主權國家。
29.If the boundaries of this treaty had held -- and there is a legal basis that they should -- then this is what the U.S. would look like today.
如果遵照法律， 條約保留至今， 那麼這才是美國今天的模樣。
30.10 years later, the Homestead Act, signed by President Lincoln, unleashed a flood of white settlers into Native lands.
十年以後， 由林肯總統親自簽署的《公地放領法》 放任白人殖民者蜂擁闖入原駐民領地。
31.1863: An uprising of Santee Sioux in Minnesota ends with the hanging of 38 Sioux men, the largest mass execution in U.S. history.
1863年： 明尼蘇達州發生蘇族的支部桑蒂人起義， 結果38名蘇人被絞死， 這成為美國曆史上最大規模的絞刑。
32.The execution was ordered by President Lincoln only two days after he signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
下令行刑的正是林肯總統， 而就在兩天前， 他剛剛簽署了《解放奴隸宣言》。
33.1866: the beginning of the transcontinental railroad -- a new era.
1866年，跨大陸鐵路開始動工 -- 新時代開始了。
34.We appropriated land for trails and trains to shortcut through the heart of the Lakota Nation.
為了優化鐵路路線， 我們抄捷徑直穿拉科塔腹地。
35.The treaties were out the window.
所有條約都被束之高閣。
36.In response, three tribes led by the Lakota chief Red Cloud attacked and defeated the U.S. army many times over.
拉科達酋長紅雲率領的三個部落進行反擊， 他們攻打併屢次戰勝了美國軍隊。
37.I want to repeat that part.
我想再強調一遍。
38.The Lakota defeat the U.S. army.
拉科塔人戰勝了美國軍隊。
39.1868: The second Fort Laramie Treaty clearly guarantees the sovereignty of the Great Sioux Nation and the Lakotas' ownership of the sacred Black Hills.
1868年：第二次《拉勒米堡條約》 清清楚楚地承諾保證蘇族的主權地位 並承認神聖的黑崗為拉科塔所有。
40.The government also promises land and hunting rights in the surrounding states.
政府另外還承諾他們在其領地周圍各州 享有土地和狩獵權。
41.We promise that the Powder River country will henceforth be closed to all whites.
我們承諾白人一律不許踏入 屬於印第安人的粉河地帶。
42.The treaty seemed to be a complete victory for Red Cloud and the Sioux.
這個條約表面上是紅雲酋長 以及蘇人的完勝。
43.I fact, this is the only war in American history in which the government negotiated a peace by conceding everything demanded by the enemy.
而實質上，這是美國曆史上 政府唯一一次為了停戰 而完全屈從於敵人的要求。
44.1869: The transcontinental railroad was completed.
1869年： 跨大陸鐵路竣工。
45.It began carrying, among other things, a large number of hunters who began the wholesale killing of buffalo, eliminating a source of food and clothing and shelter for the Sioux.
成千上萬的獵戶搭著火車來到蘇人的領地， 他們開始成批地捕殺野牛, 使得蘇人賴以生存的生活資料來源瀕臨滅絕。
46.1871: The Indian Appropriation Act makes all Indians wards of the federal government.
1871年： 印第安人撥款法案 讓所有印第安人都受到聯邦政府的管轄。
47.In addition, the military issued orders forbidding western Indians from leaving reservations.
不僅如此，美國軍隊下令 禁止西部的印第安人離開保留地。
48.All western Indians at that point in time were now prisoners of war.
從此以後，所有西部印第安人 都成為了戰後囚徒。
49.Also in 1871, we ended the time of treaty-making.
另外，1871年， 我們停止制定條約。
50.The problem with treaties is they allow tribes to exist as sovereign nations, and we can't have that.
條約只會允許印第安部落享有主權， 但我們不能接受。
51.We had plans.
我們自有對策。
52.1874: General George Custer announced the discovery of gold in Lakota territory, specifically the Black Hills.
1874年： 喬治. 卡斯特將軍宣佈在拉科塔地區發現了金礦， 具體位置就在黑崗。
53.The news of gold creates a massive influx of white settlers into Lakota Nation.
這一消息引得白人移民者蜂擁 闖入拉科塔領地。
54.Custer recommends that Congress find a way to end the treaties with the Lakota as soon as possible.
卡斯特向國會提議 儘快解除 與拉科塔人定下的條約。
55.1875: The Lakota war begins over the violation of the Fort Laramie Treaty.
1875年：美國撕毀《拉勒米堡條約》， 拉科達戰爭爆發。
56.1876: On July 26th on its way to attack a Lakota village, Custer's 7th Cavalry was crushed at the battle of Little Big Horn.
1876年： 7月26日 卡斯特將軍率領的第七騎兵 在攻打一個拉科塔村莊時全軍覆沒， 這就是著名的小盤羊戰役。
57.1877: The great Lakota warrior and chief named Crazy Horse surrendered at Fort Robinson.
1877年： 偉大的拉科達勇士瘋馬酋長 於羅賓遜堡投降。
58.He was later killed while in custody.
他之後在關押期間被殺害。
59.1877 is also the year we found a way to get around the Fort Laramie Treaties.
1877年，我們成功地 解除了所有《拉勒米堡條約》。
60.A new agreement was presented to Sioux chiefs and their leading men under a campaign known as "sell or starve:"
一項新協議擺在了蘇人各部酋長以及他們副手的面前， 這次運動被稱為“不賣地就餓死”。
61.Sign the paper, or no food for your tribe.
要麼在協議上簽字，要麼你的部落就等著捱餓。
62.Only 10 percent of the adult male population signed.
只有百分之十的成年男子簽了字。
63.The Fort Laramie Treaty called for at least three-quarters of the tribe to sign away land.
《拉勒米堡條約》 要求一個部落中至少四分之三的人簽字同意 才能出讓土地。
64.That clause was obviously ignored.
這一條款很顯然已經被忽略不計了。
65.1887: The Dawes Act.
1887：《道斯法案》。
66.Communal ownership of reservation lands ends.
保留地公有的時代就此終結。
67.Reservations are cut up into 160-acre sections and distributed to individual Indians with the surplus disposed of.
保留地被分割成塊，每塊地為160英畝， 分配給每個印第安人 剩餘的部分則被割走。
68.Tribes lost millions of acres.
印第安部落損失了上百萬英畝土地。
69.The American dream of individual land ownership turned out to be a very clever way to divide the reservation until nothing was left.
美國人為了實現 就不擇手段 將保留地瓜分待盡。
70.The move destroyed the reservations, making it easier to further subdivide and to sell with every passing generation.
保留地遭到毀滅性打擊， 變得更容易讓下一代人 進一步瓜分。
71.Most of the surplus land and many of the plots within reservation boundaries are now in the hands of white ranchers.
那些瓜分剩下的土地 以及許多保留地內的地塊 現在都成了白人農場主的囊中之物。
72.Once again, the fat of the land goes to wasichu.
最肥沃的土地在一次落到了wasichu（搶走上等好肉之人）。
73.1890, a date I believe to be the most important in this slide show.
1890年，我認為是幻燈片上 最重要的一個日期。
74.This is the year of the Wounded Knee Massacre.
就在這一年，“傷膝河慘案”發生了。
75.On December 29th, U.S. troops surrounded a Sioux encampment at Wounded Knee Creek and massacred Chief Big Foot and 300 prisoners of war,
12月29日， 美國軍隊包圍了蘇人駐紮在傷膝河的營地， 並在那裡屠殺了“大腳”酋長 以及其他300多名戰俘，
76.using a new rapid-fire weapon that fired exploding shells called a Hotchkiss gun.
他們使用的是一種能夠進行掃射的 新式武器 － 機關槍。
77.For this so-called "battle,"
為了這場所謂的戰役，
78.20 Congressional Medals of Honor for Valor were given to the 7th Cavalry.
國會將20枚榮譽勳章 授予了第七騎兵團以表彰他們的驍勇善戰。
79.To this day, this is the most Medals of Honor ever awarded for a single battle.
直到今天， 這是歷史上國會授予最多榮譽勳章的 單次戰役。
80.More Medals of Honor were given for the indiscriminate slaughter of women and children than for any battle in World War One, World War Two,
這一次對無辜婦女兒童的殘酷屠殺 所獲得的榮譽勳章 多於第一次世界大戰， 第二次世界大戰，
81.Korea, Vietnam, Iraq or Afghanistan.
朝鮮戰爭，越南戰爭， 伊拉克戰爭或阿富汗戰爭中的任何一次戰役。
82.The Wounded Knee massacre is considered the end of the Indian wars.
“傷膝河慘案” 標誌了印第安戰爭的結束。
83.Whenever I visit the site of the mass grave at Wounded Knee, I see it not just as a grave for the Lakota or for the Sioux, but as a grave for all indigenous peoples.
每一次 去傷膝河公墓， 我看到的 不僅僅是拉科塔人或蘇人的墳墓， 而是所有原住民的墳墓。
84.The holy man, Black Elk, said, "I did not know then how much was ended.
印第安聖人黑麋鹿曾說： “我不知道當時 死了多少人。
85.When I look back now from this high hill of my old age, I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered
每當回首 那座飽經滄桑的高山， 沿著那條蜿蜒的小河 我依然能看見那些婦女兒童,
86.all along the crooked gulch as plain as when I saw them with eyes still young.
屍橫遍地， 這和我年輕時親見的場景 一般清晰。
87.And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard: A people's dream died there, and it was a beautiful dream."
我能看到在那鮮血染紅的泥土中還有另一樣東西也被扼殺了， 最後被暴風雪所埋葬。 一個民族的夢想在那裡破滅了， 那曾是個多麼美好的夢想。”
88.With this event, a new era in Native American history began.
事件發生以後， 美國原駐民的歷史進入了新的篇章。
89.Everything can be measured before Wounded Knee and after.
“傷膝河慘案” 發生之前， 一切都是可以衡量的。
90.Because it was in this moment with the fingers on the triggers of the Hotchkiss guns that the U.S. government openly declared its position on Native rights.
因為現在美國政府 一邊做出扣動扳機的姿態， 一邊吆喝著原住民的基本權利掌握在政府手裡。
91.They were tired of treaties.
他們厭倦了條約。
92.They were tired of sacred hills.
厭倦了聖山。
93.They were tired of ghost dances.
厭倦了鬼舞。
94.And they were tired of all the inconveniences of the Sioux.
他們厭倦了蘇人給他們帶來的種種不便。
95.So they brought out their cannons.
於是他們搬出了大炮。
96."You want to be an Indian now?" they said, finger on the trigger.
要挾著：“你們還做印第安人是嗎？” 接著扣動扳機。
97.1900: the U.S. Indian population reached its low point -- less than 250,000, compared to an estimated eight million in 1492.
1900年： 美國原駐民人口跌至歷史最低點 － 不足二十五萬人， 遠遠少於1492年的 八百萬人。
98.Fast-forward.
時光飛逝。
99.1980: The longest running court case in U.S. history, the Sioux Nation v. the United States, was ruled upon by the U.S. Supreme Court.
1980年： 美國曆史上耗時最長的官司 在蘇族和美國政府之間展開， 然而美國最高法院操控了案件的審判。
100.The court determined that, when the Sioux were resettled onto reservations and seven million acres of their land were opened up to prospectors and homesteaders,
法院決定，蘇人重整保留地， 允許將七百萬英畝土地 開放給探礦者和自耕農。
101.the terms of the second Fort Laramie Treaty had been violated.
這些決議違反了 第二次《拉勒米堡條約》。
102.The court stated that the Black Hills were illegally taken and that the initial offering price plus interest should be paid to the Sioux Nation.
法院陳述說 黑崗是被非法佔有的， 政府應當連本帶息 向蘇族買下黑崗。
103.As payment for the Black Hills, the court awarded only 106 million dollars to the Sioux Nation.
為買下黑崗， 法院只承諾給蘇族 區區一億零六百萬美元。
104.The Sioux refused the money with the rallying cry, "The Black Hills are not for sale."
蘇人集體抗議，拒絕收錢， 他們吶喊，“決不賣黑崗”。
105.2010: Statistics about Native population today, more than a century after the massacre at Wounded Knee, reveal the legacy of colonization,
2010年： 今天關於原住民的數據顯示， 傷膝河慘案過了一個多世紀之後， 殖民地化，強制搬遷，
106.forced migration and treaty violations.
違反條約等活動所產生的後遺症 逐漸暴露。
107.Unemployment on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation fluctuates between 85 and 90 percent.
松嶺印第安人保留地的失業率 一直高達百分之八十五甚至百分之九十。
108.The housing office is unable to build new structures, and existing structures are falling apart.
房屋事務管理部門無力建設新的基礎設施， 而現存的設施卻在漸漸崩塌。
109.Many are homeless, and those with homes are packed into rotting buildings with up to five families.
不少人流離失所， 即使一些人有家，他們也只能勉強在危樓裡， 五個家庭擠在一起生活。
110.39 percent of homes on Pine Ridge have no electricity.
在松嶺，百分之三十九的住房 沒有通電。
111.At least 60 percent of the homes on the reservation are infested with black mold.
百分之六十以上的住房 發了黴。
112.More than 90 percent of the population lives below the federal poverty line.
超過百分之九十的人口 生活在國家貧困線以下。
113.The tuberculosis rate on Pine Ridge is approximately eight times higher than the U.S. national average.
松嶺地區的肺結核患病率 大約比全國平均患病率高八成。
114.The infant mortality rate is the highest on this continent and is about three times higher than the U.S. national average.
嬰兒死亡率 為北美洲之首， 比全國平均嬰兒死亡率高出三成。
115.Cervical cancer is five times higher than the U.S. national average.
宮頸癌患病率 比全國平均值高五倍。
116.School dropout rate is up to 70 percent.
輟學率高達百分之七十。
117.Teacher turnover is eight times higher than the U.S. national average.
教師調動頻繁， 比全國平均值高出八成。
118.Frequently, grandparents are raising their grandchildren because parents, due to alcoholism, domestic violence and general apathy, cannot raise them.
孩子通常由他們的祖父祖母撫養， 因為他們的父母由於酗酒， 家庭暴力和對子女的冷漠態度， 而無法承擔撫養責任。
119.50 percent of the population over the age of 40 suffers from diabetes.
年齡在四十歲以上的人群中有百分之五十 患有糖尿病。
120.The life expectancy for men is between 46 and 48 years old -- roughly the same as in Afghanistan and Somalia.
男性的壽命平均在 46歲 到48歲－ 基本上堪比 阿富汗和索馬里亞的情況。
121.The last chapter in any successful genocide is the one in which the oppressor can remove their hands and say, "My God, what are these people doing to themselves?
每一次種族屠殺的結局都一樣， 屠殺者 丟下屠刀，說： “天啊，這些人對自己都幹了什麼？
122.They're killing each other.
他們自相殘殺。
123.They're killing themselves while we watch them die."
自取滅亡。 我們只能在一邊看著。”
124.This is how we came to own these United States.
我們就是這樣建立起美利堅合眾國的。
125.This is the legacy of manifest destiny.
這是命定擴張論 所衍生的後遺症。
126.Prisoners are still born into prisoner-of-war camps long after the guards are gone.
雖然監獄看守早已不在了， 在這個戰爭集中營裡， 仍然不停地有新的戰俘誕生。
127.These are the bones left after the best meat has been taken.
好肉都被瓜分乾淨了， 剩下的只有骨頭。
128.A long time ago, a series of events was set in motion by a people who look like me, by wasichu, eager to take the land and the water
很久以前， 一群和我擁有同樣膚色的人，也就是wasichu， 因為覬覦黑崗的土地， 水資源，以及金子，
129.and the gold in the hills.
而發動了一系列搶掠行動。
130.Those events led to a domino effect that has yet to end.
這些行動產生的連鎖效應， 至今未停。
131.As removed as we the dominant society may feel from a massacre in 1890, or a series of broken treaties 150 years ago, I still have to ask you the question,
儘管現在我們作為主導的這個社會 與1890年的大屠殺 以及150年前撕毀的條約相隔甚遠， 我仍然要問你們：
132.how should you feel about the statistics of today?
對於今天的數據，你們做何感想？
133.What is the connection between these images of suffering and the history that I just read to you?
這些印第安人受苦的照片 和我剛才所念的歷史事件 有什麼關聯呢？
134.And how much of this history do you need to own, even?
你們對這些歷史事件 應付多少責任？
135.Is any of this your responsibility today?
你們是否對這些歷史事件負責？
136.I have been told that there must be something we can do.
有人告訴我說我們肯定能做些什麼。
137.There must be some call to action.
我需要號召大家行動起來，
138.Because for so long I've been standing on the sidelines content to be a witness, just taking photographs.
因為我花了太長時間站在一旁 滿足於作個旁觀者， 能做的只是拍拍照片。
139.Because the solution seems so far in the past, I needed nothing short of a time machine to access them.
還因為時過境遷，時局已無法挽回， 我只有使用時間機器 才能回到過去。
140.The suffering of indigenous peoples is not a simple issue to fix.
原住民的痛苦生活 不是一天兩天就能夠得到改善的。
141.It's not something everyone can get behind the way they get behind helping Haiti, or ending AIDS, or fighting a famine.
人們不能像拖延援助海地， 抗擊艾滋病，或賑濟饑荒那樣 拖延對原住民的幫助。
142.The "fix," as it's called, may be much more difficult for the dominant society than, say, a $50 check or a church trip to paint some graffiti-covered houses,
幫助他們的方法 對於主流社會而言可不簡單， 它不是一張五十美元的支票， 不像教會組織 幫助粉刷被塗鴉的房子，
143.or a suburban family donating a box of clothes they don't even want anymore.
也不是像一個市郊家庭 把他們不要的舊衣服捐出來那麼簡單。
144.So where does that leave us?
我們到底應該怎麼做？
145.Shrugging our shoulders in the dark?
只能無奈地聳聳肩嗎？
146.The United States continues on a daily basis to violate the terms of the 1851 and 1868 Fort Laramie Treaties with the Lakota.
美國政府 至今 仍在違反 1851年和1868年的條約。 也就是和拉科塔人簽訂的兩次《拉勒米堡條約》。
147.The call to action I offer today -- my TED wish -- is this: Honor the treaties.
我今天想告訴大家－ 我的TED心願是－ 請你們遵守條約，
148.Give back the Black Hills.
歸還黑崗，
149.It's not your business what they do with them.
印第安人想怎樣利用那些山，你們無權過問。/<code>
結束語
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