動詞不定式
( 1)作主語
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
( 2)作賓語
They began to read.
( 3)作賓語補足語
Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.
We often heard her sing.
( 4)作定語
I have an important meeting to attend.
( 5)作狀語
She went to see her grandma yesterday.
( 6)用在how, when, where, what, which等之後
I don’t know how to use a computer.
Do you know when to start?
He didn’t know what to do next.
句子種類
（1)陳述句 ( 肯定式和否定式)
（2)疑問句 ( 一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句)
（3)祈使句 ( 肯定式和否定式)
（4)感嘆句
句子成份
1)主語
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
2)謂語
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
3)表語
Her sister is a nurse.
It’s me. I’m ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
4)賓語
Tom bought a story-book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
5)直接賓語和間接賓語
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
6)賓語補足語
Call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean.
John asked me to help him.
7)定語
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
8)狀語
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
簡單句的五種基本句型
第一種 主語＋連繫動詞＋表語 ( S＋V＋P)
The bike is new.
The map is on the wall.
第二種 主語＋不及物動詞 ( S＋V)
He swims.
第三種 主語＋及物動詞＋賓語 ( S＋V＋O)
Children often sing this song.
第四種 主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語 ( S＋V＋IO＋DO)
She showed her friends all her pictures.
第五種 主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓語補足語 ( S＋V＋O＋C)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
並列句
He likes maths, but he needs help.
I help him and he helps me.
1.複合句
賓語從句
He said ( that) he felt sick.
I don’t know whether ( if) she still works in the factory. I take back what I said.
I can’t tell who is there.
Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?
狀語從句
The train had left when I got to the station.
I’ll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I’m free.
The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help. The earth is bigger than the moon.He was so tired that he couldn’t walk on.
定語從句
Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.
Show me the picture that you like best.
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