高中英語短文改錯10分攻略——考點剖析(6)

高中英語短文改錯10分攻略——考點剖析(6)

◆◆◆謂語動詞的錯誤◆◆◆

△真題再練

下列各小題中有且僅有一處錯誤(多1個單詞、少1個單詞、錯1個單詞),請指出並改正過來,然後說明理由。

1. When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.

2. Since then—for all these years—we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing … The fruits are small…

3.I was only four when she passes away.

4. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said,“That’s it. No more toys for you.”

5. When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent me lots of clothes.I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.

6. My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3: 30 p. m. There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so much homework.

7.This custom soon becomes another meal of the day. Interestingly,it had a connection with the British porcelain(瓷器) industry.

8. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.

9. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music.

10. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.

11. Tony was scared and begun to cry.

12. Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.

13.Luckily, I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on.

14. My dream school look like a big garden.

15. We must found ways to protect the environment.

16. My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience, I must make my toys last.

高中英語短文改錯10分攻略——考點剖析(6)

△思路點撥

從[真題再練]來看,5年8套題有16道是謂語動詞的錯,平均每套2道題,可見謂語動詞在短文改錯中是錯得最多的,是最重要的考點。短文一般含8到10句話,對每句話的謂語一定都要仔細研究。可按以下線索去思考:

1. 查時態是否一致。

遇到某個謂語動詞的時態與上下文的時態不一致時,十有八九是出錯了,需仔細審查。如[真題再練]1,前面兩個動詞was,hoped和後面的would都是過去式,而think卻用一般現在時,不一致,就很可能錯了,需重點核實。

2. 查語態是否正確。

當主語是謂語動詞的動作的承受者時,即謂語與主語在邏輯上有動賓關係時,要用被動語態。被動語態由“be+過去分詞”構成。[真題再練]10、11、12題即考查語態。

(1)查該用主動還是被動。如果是主動語態,句中有行為動詞時,不能再用be。如[真題再練]10,“研究”與“表明”是主動關係,已有行為動詞show了,就不能再用be,故刪除been。

(2)如果要用被動語態,看是否漏掉be;同時注意be的時態是否正確,主謂是否一致,過去分詞拼寫是否正確(常誤寫成過去式或原形)。如[真題再練]12,就是過去分詞的拼寫錯誤。

3. 查並列動詞的形式是否一致。

在A and /or B或A, B and C這類結構中,A, B, C的形式應一致,關鍵是要找準誰跟誰並列,不要找錯對象,尤其當句子有謂語動詞又有非謂語動詞時更應注意。如[真題再練]8、9。

4. 查主謂是否一致。

有時雖然前後時態是一致的,但主謂不一致。如[真題再練]13,主語clothes是複數,謂語動詞卻用單數was;[真題再練]14,主語My dream school是第三人稱單數,謂語動詞look卻用複數(原形)。

5. 查情態動詞是否用錯。

若有情態動詞,首先根據語境體會句子所表達的語氣與情態,判斷是否用錯了情態動詞。如[真題再練]16,“我明白了,有了耐心,我就一定讓我的玩具用得更久”,玩具是否用得久,還受本身的質量或其他因素的影響,用“一定(must)”語氣太強了,改用“可能(could)”更好。

另外,我們知道,情態動詞有三大特徵:

(1)後面一定要接動詞原形,並與之一起構成謂語。

(2)沒有人稱和數的變化。

(3)其疑問式或否定式不借助於do。

因此,我們還要考慮作者是否因不懂情態動詞的基本用法而用錯了。如[真題再練]15,must後接found,這就錯了,應改為原形find。

高中英語短文改錯10分攻略——考點剖析(6)

△考點歸納

謂語動詞的錯誤不但每年必考,而且考得最多,每套題中平均有兩處錯。到目前為止,僅考查了以下8點:

1. 前後謂語動詞的時態不一致。

2. 主動語態中已有行為動詞時卻多用了be。

3. 被動語態中或者完成時態中,過去分詞拼寫錯。

如:

A little girl was hurted and her mother needed help. (2009大綱卷II)

解析:

“小女孩被弄傷”,用被動語態是對的,但hurt的過去式、過去分詞與原形是相同的,即hurt—hurt—hurt,故hurted錯了,應改為hurt。

Since then we haven’t see each other much.But we’ve kept writing to each other. (2007新課標卷)

解析:

由since then(自那時起到現在)可知,用現在完成時是正確的,但現在完成時由“have+過去分詞”構成,故see錯了,要改為seen。

4. 並列謂語的時態形式應該一致卻沒有一致。

5. 主語與謂語在人稱和數方面應該一致卻沒有一致。

6. 情態動詞後本應接動詞原形卻接了過去式,或者根本沒有動詞。

如:

So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.

解析:

should是情態動詞,後面一定要跟動詞原形,而able是形容詞,故應加be,構成be able to(能夠)。

7. 虛擬語氣。

如:

My father was so pleased that he suggested I went to England for a holiday.

解析:

因表示“提議,建議”的suggest後的賓語從句的謂語動詞要用“(should +) do”,所以went要改為go。

8. 命題人有時也會利用某些動詞的過去式與過去分詞拼寫相同,將一般過去時故意誤寫成現在完成時,要求考生刪除have或has。

如:

Li Ming came to see me every day. Then his father has changed jobs and they moved to another city. 解析:

由後面的並列句中的moved可知,change也用一般過去時,故刪除changed前的has。

提醒: 時態只需注意前後一致,且只需注意現在時與過去時就行了。如[真題再練]2,根據Since then(從那時起到現在),或由下文are growing, are small可知,應當用現在時,而had是過去時,應改為have即可。不必按現在完成進行時、現在進行時、一般現在時這樣去理解。


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