【GRE阅读解析】Passage 58【选举参与的性别差距】短文 详细解析

Recent studies of the gender gap in the history of United States policies tend to focus on candidate choice rather than on registration and turnout. This shift in focus from gender inequality in political participation may be due to the finding in several studies of voting behavior in the United States that since 1980, differences in rates of registration and voting between men and women are not statistically significant after controlling for traditional predictors of participation. However, Fullerton and Stern argue that researchers have overlooked the substantial gender gap in registration and voting in the South. While the gender gap in participation virtually disappeared outside the South by the 1950s, substantial gender differences persisted in the South throughout the 1950s and 1960s, only beginning to decline in 1970s.

1. Select the sentence in the passage that offers a possible explanation for a trend.


答案:第二句

2. According to the passage, which of the following is true about recent studies of the gender gap in the United States politics?

A. They accurately depict voter preference in the South prior to 1980.

B. They have been unduly influenced by changes in voter preferences.

C. They fail to recognize important factors affecting levels of voter participation.

D. They do not pay sufficient attention to the effect regional differences have on voter preference.

E. They are more concerned with the choices that male and female voters make than with the frequency with which they vote.


答案:E

解析见下。

Recent studies of the gender gap in the history of United States policies tend to focus on candidate choice rather than on registration and turnout.

第1句:最近对美国政策历史上性别差距的研究往往侧重于对候选人的选择,而不是注册和投票。

性别差距指的是男性和女性的(行为,态度等各方面的)差距。

故而,第一句的意思是:以前的研究重点是男性和女性在注册(率)、投票(率)上的差距;现在的重点变成了男性和女性对候选人的选择的差距。

为什么研究重点会发生这样的转变呢?

This shift in focus from gender inequality in political participation may be due to the finding in several studies of voting behavior in the United States that since 1980, differences in rates of registration and voting between men and women are not statistically significant after controlling for traditional predictors of participation.

第2句:焦点从政治参与中的性别不平等中转移出来,可能是由于一些关于美国投票行为的研究发现,自1980年以来,在控制传统预测因素之后,男性和女性之间的注册和投票率差距在统计上并不显著。

这句就在解释为什么研究重点会发生转变。

这句话开头重新确认了,之前的研究焦点是“政治参与中的性别不平等”,也就是男性和女性对政治的参与程度是不相同的,这就是性别不平等的一种。为什么后来这个点不再是研究重点了?因为自从1980年以来,在控制传统预测因素之后——在排除了传统的能够影响一个人的政治参与度的因素的影响之后(这些因素估计会包括社会地位、经济收入、受教育程度等等因素),人们发现,男性和女性之间的注册和投票率的差距不显著。 也就是说,自从1980年以来,“政治参与中的性别不平等”已经减轻很多,不再明显了。

However, Fullerton and Stern argue that researchers have overlooked the substantial gender gap in registration and voting in the South.

第3句:然而,富勒顿和斯特恩认为,研究人员忽视了登记和投票在南方的可观的性别差距。

但是,富勒顿和斯特恩认为,上述理由其实不成立,也就是【自从1980年以来,“政治参与中的性别不平等”已经减轻很多,不再明显了】这个判断其实是有问题的,在南方是不成立的。富勒顿和斯特恩指出,这样想的人没注意到南方仍然存在明显的“政治参与中的性别不平等”——在南方,女性和男性在登记和投票上有很大的差距。

While the gender gap in participation virtually disappeared outside the South by the 1950s, substantial gender differences persisted in the South throughout the 1950s and 1960s, only beginning to decline in 1970s.

第4句:虽然在20世纪50年代之前,性别参与差距在南方以外几乎消失了,但在20世纪50年代和60年代,南方的性别差距持续存在,在20世纪70年代才刚开始下降。

这是富勒顿和斯特恩给出的具体证据。对南方以外的地方来说,【政治参与中的性别不平等”已经减轻很多,不再明显了】这个判断没问题——1950之前这些地方的性别参与差距就几乎消失了。但是对南方来说,性别参与差距一直到1970年代之前都维持原样,从1970年代才首次开始下降。潜台词是,到1980年代的时候,南方的性别参与差距还没有降到不明显的程度,仍有相当的性别参与差距。

题目很简单,解析略。需要请留言。


【GRE阅读解析】Passage 58【选举参与的性别差距】短文 详细解析


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