初中重點語法:非謂語動詞專項總結,記住這4條,比什麼都重要!

初中英語較之小學英語,不管是詞彙量還是語法都有了一個整體的提升。很多學生覺得英語語法太難,各種搭配規則和固定的使用語境,時態變化,無一不讓我們的學生望而生畏。學好語法知識對於整個初中的學習來說,是極為關鍵的,英語能考高分的同學,不管是閱讀,作文還是語法,綜合水平都是比較好的。不僅如此,初中階段如果能打好基礎,以後到了高中,甚至大學的英語學習,就會變得順利很多。

對於初中英語語法,同學們一定要分專題去總結,比如:非謂是一個專題,賓語從句一個專題,定語從句一個專題......這樣分專題再來整理,形成大腦中的知識網絡體系。記憶的時候,只需要記住一些特殊的用法和特殊情況,其他的套用規則就可以。

在整個初中英語語法的學習中,非謂語動詞是一個重點,也是一個難點。非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞,主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞(現在分詞和過去分詞),即動詞的非謂語形式。動詞除作謂語以外,在句中還可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語等,這就是動詞的非謂語動詞。

初中重點語法:非謂語動詞專項總結,記住這4條,比什麼都重要!

一:非謂語動詞的結構形式

動詞不定式:to + 動詞原形(在某些情況下可以不帶to )。(沒有人稱和數的變化,可以有自己的賓語和狀語,可以有時態和語態的變化)

1.一般式:主動語態:to do , 被動語態:to be + 動詞過去分詞(表示動作或狀態與謂語動詞的動作或狀態同時發生或之後發生)

2.進行式:主動語態:to be doing

3. 完成式:主動語態:to have +動詞過去分詞,被動語態:to have been +動詞過去分詞 (表示動作或狀態在謂語動作之前就發生)

 非謂語動詞的用法:

A. 作主語:To learn a foreign language is not easy . = It's not easy to learn a foreign language.

B. 作表語:The most important thing is to finish the work on time.

C. 作賓語:

a. 動詞+to do . 例: He decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)

b. 動詞+疑問詞+to do I don't know where to put the bike .

c. 動詞+形式賓語(it)+賓補+to do I find it important to learn a second foreign language .

D. 作補語:

a. 動詞+賓語+to do.例:Tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage…)

b. 動詞+賓語+不帶to的動詞.例:He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)

E. 作狀語:

a. 表示目的.例:He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus .

b. 表示結果.例:He is too tired to walk any farther . They aren't old enough to go to school .

c. 表示原因.例:He is sorry to hear that . I am glad to see you .

F.作定語.例:I have something to tell you . I want to buy something to eat .

4.動詞不定式to 的省略:

A. 在感官動詞feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役動詞have, let, make等後面要省to,但在變被動語態時要還原不定式to。

I often saw him go out of the room .-------- He was often seen to go out of the room by me .

B.在had better, would rather, do nothing but等後面常省to。

5. 動詞不定式的否定形式:not + to do ,有時也可以用-never + to do 結構。

初中重點語法:非謂語動詞專項總結,記住這4條,比什麼都重要!

二. 動名詞:動詞原形+ing ,具有名詞、動詞一些特徵

(1) 一般式:主動語態:doing ,被動語態:being + 動詞過去分詞(表示動作或狀態與謂語動詞的動作或狀態同時發生或之後發生)

(2)完成式:主動語態:having +動詞過去分詞,被動語態:having been +動詞過去分詞(表示動作或狀態在謂語動詞的動作或狀態之前就發生)Children enjoy watching animated cartoon . I don't remember having ever seen the film .

(3) 動名詞的否定形式:not + 動名詞(v-ing) I regret not being able to help you .

(4)用法:

A. 作主語:

a. 動名詞作主語如果太長,可以用形式主語it代替。Learning English is very important .--- It's very important to learn English .

b. No + 動名詞表示"禁止"。No smoking, No parking .

B. 作賓語:He finished doing his homework .

C. 作表語:His favourite sport is playing basketball .

D. 作定語:shopping basket, finishing line . (表明名詞的用途、功能等)

E. 動名詞的複合結構:名詞所有格、形容詞物主代詞+動名詞。Do you mind my / Wei Fang's opening the window ?

三:現在分詞

(1)一般式:主動語態:doing ,被動語態:being + 動詞過去分詞(表示動作或狀態與謂語動詞的動作或狀態同時發生)

(2) 完成式:主動語態:having +動詞過去分詞,被動語態:having been +動詞過去分詞(表示動作或狀態在謂語動詞的動作或狀

態之前就發生)

(3) 動名詞的否定形式:not + 動名詞(v-ing) No understanding the meaning of the words, he couldn't explain the sentence.

(4)用法:

A. 作表語。The result is surprising .

B. 作定語。Developing country (主謂關係) sleeping boy (boy 所做的動作)

C. 作狀語。Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano. = when he was passing by the house , he saw a girl playing the piano.

D. 作賓補。I found him lying on the grass.

初中重點語法:非謂語動詞專項總結,記住這4條,比什麼都重要!

四:過去分詞

1 形式:規則動詞+ed,和不規則動詞的過去分詞。

2 過去分詞的否定形式:not + 動詞過去分詞。

3 用法:

A. 作表語:My bike is broken . He is very worried .

B. 作定語:developed country, fallen leaves, spoken English .

C. 作狀語:Asked why he was absent, he said he was ill . = When he was asked why he was absent, he said he was ill .

D. 作賓補:You had better have your shoes mended . I had my hair cut yesterday


分享到:


相關文章: