as long as 與only if 的用法區別

as long as 與only if 的用法區別

一、基本用法的差別

1. as long as 有兩個意思,一是用於本義,意為“與……一樣長(久)”,在否定句中,也可說成 (not) so long as;二是用於引申義,表示“只要”,用於此義時也可說成 so long as(不管是肯定句、否定句還是疑問句)。如:

This river is as long as that one. 這條河與那條河一條長。

He lived abroad as long as five years. 他住在國外長達五年之久。

He didn’t stay there as [so] long as she. 他在那兒住得不如她久。

As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨,我們就可以去。

As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay. 只要你需要我,我就留下。

2. only if 可視為 if 的加強說法,即其中的 only 是修飾 if 從句的,其意為“只有在……條件下”。如:

I’ll tell you, but only if you don’t tell anyone else. 我可以告訴你,但條件是你不能告訴其他任何人。

I’ll accept the bill only if you send it to my home address. 你必須把賬單送到我住的地方,我才願意償付。

二、語氣上的差別

從語氣上看,only if 的語氣要比as long as 強,as long as 通常只是用於提出一個條件,與if 的意思比較接近;而only if 引出的從句內容則通常暗示它是主句內容的唯一條件,含有“只有……才……”“只有在……的時候”“……唯一的條件是……”之意。比較:

As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. 只要你盡力,我們就滿意了。

You can borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你不把書弄髒,這書你就可以借。

We can succeed only if everyone in the team pulls his weight. 我們全隊只有人人各盡所能才能取得成功。

The coach stops at the principal hotels to pick up tourists, but only if they arrange this in advance. 大客車到各主要的旅館來接觀光者,但條件是必須事先安排好。

三、動詞搭配上的差別

在許多情況下,as long as 與 only if 均可用,只是語氣有強弱之分。但是,當主句和從句的謂語動詞均為短暫性動詞時,通常只用 only if,而不用 as long as。如:

你只有請他,他才會來。

誤:He will come as long as you ask him.

正:He will come only if you ask him.

析:此句中的 only if 不能用 as long as 代替,因為動詞 ask 與 come 均短暫性動詞。

as long as 與only if 的用法區別


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