吱呀吱呀~，這聲音你聽過嗎？
那是織布機的聲音。
早些年，走過上海的大街小巷，你也許還能看到滿臉皺紋的老奶奶，坐在織布機前紡著經線，手中的梭子在線中來回遊走。
吱呀吱呀~
從黃道婆回鄉傳授先進的紡織技術，到松江府成為全國最大的棉紡織中心，“衣被天下”，再到如今祖傳手藝後繼者寥寥，世界已經大不同了。
Huang Daopo was a respected innovator of cotton textile technologies in Shanghai about 700 years ago in Yuan dynasty. She was said to be born at Wunijing— today's Hujing Town, Xuhui district of Shanghai—and was ill-treated as a child bride. To seek changes she left home and went to Yazhou—today's Sanya in Hainan Province. She stayed there for 30 years and learned all about the advanced local technologies of cotton textile.
你聽說過黃道婆嗎？
她是宋末元初著名的棉紡織家、技術改革家。在清代的時候，被尊為布業的始祖。
相傳大約七百年前，出生於松江烏泥涇（今上海徐彙區華涇鎮）的黃道婆，因家境貧窮，淪為童養媳。因不堪忍受公婆虐待，流落至崖州（今海南省三亞市）三十多年。
這一聽是個悲傷的故事，
但黃道婆卻給了自己一個happy ending。
崖州是黎族人的居住地，生活在那裡的黎族人種植棉花。黃道婆在崖州期間，學會了運用制棉工具、織崖州被的方法。
Then she came back to her hometown and taught villagers the skills she learned from Hainan. She introduced new machines and improved tools and skills to weave cotton. With her efforts, the cotton textile industry in Songjiang thrived, and the Shanghai area became the cotton processing center in China.
元代元貞年間(1295—1296)，她回到家鄉，在松江府以東的烏泥涇鎮，教人制棉，傳授和推廣軋棉機、彈棉弓、紡車、織機等工具，以及“錯紗配色，綜線挈花”等織造技術。
在她的努力下，烏泥涇和松江一帶人民迅速掌握了先進的織造技術。當時的太倉、上海等縣都加以仿效。棉紡織品色澤繁多，呈現出空前的盛況。在她去世後，松江府成為全國最大的棉紡織中心，一直持續到清代中葉。
黃道婆由於傳授先進的紡織技術以及推廣先進的紡織工具，而受到百姓的敬仰。她死後，鄉民為她舉行了公葬，建冢立碑、修造祠堂、供奉塑像。
Because of her contributions to the cotton textile industry, she was highly respected by the local people. After she died, the locals built a temple and made a statue to remember her.
黃道婆墓 The tomb of Huang Daopo
黃道婆的紡織技藝流傳至今，有烏泥涇手工棉紡織技藝。
它是上海徐彙區的地方傳統手工技，首批國家級非物質文化遺產。然而，現在這項傳統的手工棉紡織技藝面臨著失傳的危險。
The Wunijing manual cotton textile technology in Xuhui district of Shanghai is said to pass down from Huang Daopo. The technology was included on the list of China's National Intangible Culture Heritage.
烏泥涇手工棉紡織成品 A product made with this technology
雖然現在人工織布已經不多，但一件衣服，從播種棉花，到織布、印染，製作成衣，沒有這千百年的不斷學習改進，絕不會像今天這麼容易。
想了解衣服背後的故事嗎，
到上海徐彙區的黃道婆紀念館！
黃道婆紀念館 Huang Daopo Memorial Hall
To carry on the technology, the Huang Daopo Memorial Hall was built and opened to the public in 2003, for citizens to learn about Huang Daopo's contributions and experience the process of making cotton products like scarf and cloth bag.
從播種棉花，到收割、脫殼、去籽，用古老的紡紗技藝紡線、染色、織布，再把純天然的棉布做成植物染的方巾、圍巾，或者在布面基底上刺繡、拼色，做成一款私人定製的抱枕、茶席、杯墊、包包……整個脈絡都可以親眼看到、親手體驗。
小夥伴還能到紀念館旁的黃道婆墓以及上海植物園內的黃母祠，瞭解黃大媽傳奇的經歷以及為上海紡織業所作的貢獻。
Citizens can also visit the tomb and the temple of Huang Daopo to get a better idea of Huang's contribution and the development of cotton textile technologies in Shanghai.
黃道婆紀念館、黃道婆墓和黃母祠等共同構成了上海黃道婆文化史蹟。宋末元初黃道婆漂泊海南、歸鄉後傳播棉紡織技術的動人故事，凝結著海絲沿線物資、人員、技術交流互動的歷史記憶。
Source: WeChat（絲路雲帆）
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