我九岁的时候
When I was nine years old,
第一次去参加夏令营
I went off to summer camp for the first time.
妈妈在我的行李箱里装满了书
And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books,
我觉得这是很正常的事情
which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do.
因为在我的家庭中 阅读是最主要的集体活动
Because in my family, reading was the primary group activity.
听上去可能不太合群
And this might sound antisocial to you,
但是对我们来说只是接触社会的另一种途径
but for us it was really just a different way of being social.
可以有宠物呆在旁边 温暖陪伴着你
You have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you,
也可以在精神探险的世界中
but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland
自由漫步
inside your own mind.
我想象中
And I had this idea
野营可能也会这样 当然要更好些
that camp was going to be just like this, but better.
我设想的是会有十个小女孩围坐在小木屋里
I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin
穿着合身的睡衣惬意的享受读书的过程
cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.
但野营其实更像一个不提供酒水的派对
Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol.
第一天开始的时候
And on the very first day,
指导老师把我们都集合在一起
our counselor gathered us all together
教了我们一种今后都会用到的庆祝方式
and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing
在余下夏令营的每一天中让“露营精神”浸润我们
every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit.
它就像这个样子：
And it went like this:
“R-O-W-D-I-E
“R-O-W-D-I-E,
这是我们拼写“吵闹”的方式
that’s the way we spell rowdie.
喧哗 喊叫 让我们变得吵闹一点”
Rowdie, rowdie, let’s get rowdie.”
就是这样
Yeah.
可我就是弄不明白我的生活会是什么样的
So I couldn’t figure out for the life of me
为什么我们需要变得这么吵闹粗暴
why we were supposed to be so rowdy,
或者为什么我们非得把这个单词拼错
or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.
可我没忘记庆祝 我与每个人都互相欢呼庆祝了
But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else.
我尽了最大努力
I did my best.
就是在等一刻什么时候能够离开去看书
And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books.
但是我第一次把书从行李箱里拿出来的时候
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase,
宿舍里最酷的那个女孩就走过来
the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me
问我说：“你为什么这么安静？”
and she asked me, “Why are you being so mellow?”
安静 这当然是喧闹的反义词
mellow, of course, being the exact opposite
R-O-W-D-I-E的反义词
of R-O-W-D-I-E.
我第二次拿出书本时
And then the second time I tried it,
指导老师满脸忧郁的走了过来
the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face
接着她重复了“露营精神”的要点
and she repeated the point about camp spirit
并且说我们都要努力变得外向
and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.
于是我就把书收起来
And so I put my books away,
放回了属于他们的行李箱
back in their suitcase,
然后塞进了床底下
and I put them under my bed,
在那里 它们度过了暑假余下的时光
and there they stayed for the rest of the summer.
这让我觉得有点内疚
And I felt kind of guilty about this.
不知道为什么 我觉得这些书需要我
I felt as if the books needed me somehow,
它们在努力呼唤我 但我却弃之不顾
and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them.
我确实抛弃了它们 直到夏末
But I did forsake them and I didn’t open that suitcase again
我和家人回到家 才终于打开了那个箱子
until I was back home with my family at the end of the summer.
现在 我告诉你们这个故事
Now, I tell you this story about summer camp.
我本可以讲出其他50个类似的故事
I could have told you 50 others just like it
一直以来身边都有这样的声音
all the times that I got the message
告诉我某种程度上 我的安静和内向
that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being
并不是正确道路上的必需品
was not necessarily the right way to go,
我应该努力成为一个外向的人
that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.
而我内心深处则觉得这是不对的
And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong
内向的人们都是非常优秀的
and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were.
确实如此 但多年来我都否认了这种直觉
But for years I denied this intuition,
于是我首先成为了华尔街的一名律师
and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things,
而不是我长久以来都想成为的那种作家
instead of the writer that I had always longed to be —
这样做的一部分原因是想要证明 自己也可以变得大胆和自信
partly because I needed to prove to myself that I could be bold and assertive too.
当想要和朋友一起享受晚餐时
And I was always going off to crowded bars
我却总是去了吵闹的酒吧
when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends.
我做出了这些自我否认的抉择
And I made these self-negating choices so reflexively,
甚至我都不清楚我做出了这些决定
that I wasn’t even aware that I was making them.
这就是很多内向的人正在做的事
Now this is what many introverts do,
这当然是我们的损失
and it’s our loss for sure,
我们所在团队集体的损失
but it is also our colleagues’ loss
我们社会的损失
and our communities’ loss.
冒着被认为是夸大其词的风险 我想说这也是世界的损失
And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world’s loss.
因为当涉及创造力和领导力时
Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership,
我们需要内向的人做到最好
we need introverts doing what they do best.
世界上三分之一到二分之一的人都是内向的
A third to a half of the population are introverts —
三分之一到二分之一
a third to a half.
这意味着每两三个人中就有一个人是内向的
So that’s one out of every two or three people you know.
所以即使你自己是一个外向的人
So even if you’re an extrovert yourself,
但你的同事
I’m talking about your coworkers
妻子或者孩子
and your spouses and your children
或者现在坐在你身边的人
and the person sitting next to you right now —
他们都可能要屈从于这种偏见
all of them subject to this bias
这种偏见在我们社会中根深蒂固并且确实存在
that is pretty deep and real in our society.
只是我们从很小的时候就把它藏在内心最深处
We all internalize it from a very early age
甚至对于我们正在做的事 都不说几句话
without even having a language for what we’re doing.
现在 让我们来清楚的看待这种偏见
Now, to see the bias clearly,
首先我们需要了解“内向”到底是什么
you need to understand what introversion is.
内向和害羞不同
It’s different from being shy.
害羞是对于社会评价的恐惧
Shyness is about fear of social judgment.
内向更多的是
Introversion is more about,
你以什么方式回应外界刺激
how do you respond to stimulation,
包括来自社会的刺激
including social stimulation.
其实外向的人通常渴望大量外界刺激
So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation,
但内向的人最能感觉到他们自己
whereas introverts feel at their most alive
精力最充足 最有能力的时候
and their most switched-on and their most capable
是在比较安静 低刺激的环境中
when they’re in quieter, more low-key environments.
并不是一直如此 这些事也不是绝对的
Not all the time — these things aren’t absolute
但大多数时候是这样
but a lot of the time.
所以激发我们潜能的关键
So the key then to maximizing our talents
是让我们自己
is for us all to put ourselves
处在正确又合适的激励区域当中
in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.
但现在偏见又出现了
But now here’s where the bias comes in.
我们最重要的一些机构
Our most important institutions,
我们的学校 工作单位
our schools and our workplaces,
大多都是外向者设计的
they are designed mostly for extroverts
并且有适合他们的刺激与鼓励
and for extroverts’ need for lots of stimulation.
当然我们现在也有这样一种信任机制
And also we have this belief system right now
我把它称为新型的“团队思考”
that I call the new groupthink,
这是一种包含所有创造力和生产力的思考方式
which holds that all creativity and all productivity
从一个社交非常零散的地方产生的
comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
如果你描绘今天典型教室的图案时：
So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays:
当我还上学的时候 我们一排排地坐着
When I was going to school, we sat in rows.
我们靠着桌子一排排坐着就像这样
We sat in rows of desks like this,
我们自觉完成大部分的工作
and we did most of our work pretty autonomously.
但是现代社会 所谓典型的教室是些圈起来并排的桌子
But nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks —
四个或是五个或是六 七个孩子面对面坐在一起
four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other.
孩子们要完成无数个小组任务
And kids are working in countless group assignments.
甚至是数学和创意写作这种
Even in subjects like math and creative writing,
也就是你们认为需要依靠个人闪光想法的课程
which you think would depend on solo flights of thought,
孩子们现在被期待成为小组会的成员
kids are now expected to act as committee members.
对于那些喜欢独处 或者一个人工作的孩子来说
And for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves or just to work alone,
他们常常被视为局外人
those kids are seen as outliers often
或者更糟的是 他们被视为问题孩子
or, worse, as problem cases.
并且很大一部分老师的报告中都相信
And the vast majority of teachers
相对于内向学生来说
reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert
最理想的学生应该是外向的
as opposed to an introvert,
即使内向学生能够取得更好的成绩
even though introverts actually get better grades
知识更加渊博
and are more knowledgeable,
这是报道中的结果
according to research.
同样的事情也发生在我们工作单位
Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces.
现在 我们大多数都工作在宽敞没有隔间的办公室里
Now, most of us work in open plan offices,
甚至都没有墙
without walls,
我们在不断的噪音和同事的目光下工作
where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers.
谈及领导力方面
And when it comes to leadership,
内向的人总是按照惯例从领导的位置被忽视了
introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions,
尽管内向的人是非常小心仔细的
even though introverts tend to be very careful,
很少去冒特大的风险
much less likely to take outsize risks
这些风险是今天我们可能都喜欢的
which is something we might all favor nowadays.
宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的亚当·格兰特教授做了一项很有意思的研究
And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School
这项研究表明内向的领导
has found that introverted leaders
比外向领导更能带来巨大的效益
often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do,
因为当他们管理主动积极的雇员的时候
because when they are managing proactive employees,
他们更倾向于让有主见的雇员去自由发挥
they’re much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas,
反之外向的领导就可能 不经意的
whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly,
对于事情变得十分激动
get so excited about things
他们在事情上有了自己想法的印迹
that they’re putting their own stamp on things,
这使其他人的想法可能就不会很容易地 在舞台上发光了
and other people’s ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface.
事实上 历史上一些有改革能力的领袖都是内向的人
Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.
我会给你们举几个例子
I’ll give you some examples.
埃莉诺·罗斯福 罗沙·帕克斯 甘地
Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi
所有这些人都把自己描述成 内向 说话温柔且害羞的人
all these peopled described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy.
他们都站在了聚光灯下
And they all took the spotlight,
即使他们浑身上下 都感知他们说不要
even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to.
这证明那是一种属于它自身的特殊力量
And this turns out to have a special power all its own,
因为人们都会感觉这些领导者同时是掌舵者
because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm
并不是因为他们喜欢指挥别人
not because they enjoyed directing others
抑或是享受众人目光的聚焦
and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;
他们处在那个位置因为他们没有选择
they were there because they had no choice,
因为他们行驶在他们认为正确的道路上
because they were driven to do what they thought was right.
现在我觉得对于这点我有必要说
Now I think at this point it’s important for me to say
那就是我真的喜爱外向的人
that I actually love extroverts.
我总是喜欢说我最好的几个朋友都是外向的人
I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts,
包括我亲爱的丈夫
including my beloved husband.
当然了我们都会在观点不同时有所偏向
And we all fall at different points, of course,
内向者/外向者的范围
along the introvert/extrovert spectrum.
甚至是卡尔·荣格 这个让这些名词为大众所熟知的心理学家
Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms,
他认为世上绝没有一个纯粹的内向的人
said that there’s no such thing as a pure introvert
或一个纯粹的外向的人
or a pure extrovert.
他说如果这样的人存在话
He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum,
那他一定在精神病院里
if he existed at all.
还有一些人处在内向与外向之间
And some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum,
我们称这些人为“中向性格者”
and we call these people ambiverts.
并且我总是认为他们拥有世界最美好的一切
And I often think that they have the best of all worlds.
但是我们中的大多数总是认为自己属于内向或外向 或是其中一类
But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.
同时我觉得从文化意义上讲 我们需要一种更好的平衡
And what I’m saying is that culturally, we need a much better balance.
我们需要更多阴阳的平衡在这两种类型的人之间
We need more of a yin and yang between these two types.
涉及创造力和生产力的时候
This is especially important
这点是极为重要的
when it comes to creativity and to productivity,
因为当心理学家们看待 最有创造力人的生命的时候
because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people,
他们寻找到的是
what they find
那些擅长变换思维的人
are people who are very good at exchanging ideas
那些提出想法的人
and advancing ideas,
他们同时也有着极为显著的偏内向的痕迹
but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.
这是因为独处关键的
And this is because solitude
组成要素就是创造力
is a crucial ingredient often to creativity.
所以达尔文
So Darwin,
自己一个人漫步在小树林里
he took long walks alone in the woods
断然拒绝了晚餐派对的邀约
and emphatically turned down dinner-party invitations.
更多时候以苏索博士名号知名的西奥多·盖索
Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss,
在他加利福尼亚州拉霍亚市房子的后面的
he dreamed up many of his amazing creations
一座孤独的束层的塔形办公室中
in a lonely bell tower office that he had
梦想过创作了许多惊人的作品
in the back of his house in La Jolla, California.
而其实他很害怕见那些读过他的书的年轻的孩子
And he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books
害怕他们会期待他 这样一位令人愉快的 圣诞老人形象的人物
for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure
同时又会因发现他含蓄缄默的性格而失望
and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona.
史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克发明了第一台苹果电脑
Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer
一个人独自坐在他的机柜旁
sitting alone in his cubicle in Hewlett-Packard
在他当时工作的惠普公司
where he was working at the time.
并且他说他永远不会在那方面成为一号专家
And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place
但他还没因太内向到要离开那里
had he not been too introverted to leave the house
那个他成长起来的地方
when he was growing up.
当然了
Now, of course,
这并不意味着我们都应该停止合作
this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating —
一个恰当的例子 是史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克和史蒂夫·乔布斯的著名联手
and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs
创建苹果电脑公司
to start Apple Computer —
这跟独处没什么重大关系
but it does mean that solitude matters
对于一些人来说 这是他们赖以呼吸生存的空气
and that for some people it is the air that they breathe.
事实上 几个世纪以来我们已经非常明白 独处的卓越力量
And in fact, we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude.
只是到了最近 非常奇怪 我们开始遗忘它了
It’s only recently that we’ve strangely begun to forget it.
如果你看看世界上主要的宗教
If you look at most of the world’s major religions,
你会发现探寻者
you will find seekers —
摩西 耶稣 佛祖 穆罕默德
Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad —
那些独身去探寻的人们 在大自然的旷野中独处思索
seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness,
在那里 他们有了深刻的顿悟和对于奥义的揭示
where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations
之后他们把这些思想传播到社会其他
that they then bring back to the rest of the community.
没有旷原 没有启示的地方
So, no wilderness, no revelations.
尽管这并不令人惊讶
This is no surprise, though,
如果你读一下现代心理学的思想理论
if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology.
它揭示的是如果我们不去本能的模仿同一组人的意见和想法
It turns out that we can’t even be in a group of people
我们甚至都不能和同一组的人相处
without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions.
甚至有些想法看上去私人的 发自内心的事情
Even about seemingly personal and visceral things
像是你被谁所吸引这种
like who you’re attracted to,
你会开始模仿你周围的人的信仰
you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you
甚至都觉察不到自己在做什么
without even realizing that that’s what you’re doing.
还曾跟随群体的意见
And groups famously follow the opinions
跟随着房间里最具有统治力 领袖气质的人的思路
of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room,
虽然这与成为一个卓越的演讲家还是拥有最好的主意之间
even though there’s zero correlation
真的没什么关系
between being the best talker and having the best ideas —
我的意思是“零相关”
I mean zero.
那么
So —
你们或许会跟随有最好头脑的人
You might be following the person with the best ideas,
但是你们也许不会
but you might not.
可你们真的想把这机会扔掉吗？
And do you really want to leave it up to chance?
如果每个人都自己行动或许好得多
Much better for everybody to go off by themselves,
发掘他们自己的想法
generate their own ideas
没有群体动力学的曲解
freed from the distortions of group dynamics,
然后聚集到一起组成一个团队
and then come together as a team
在一个良好的管理环境中互相交流
to talk them through in a well-managed environment
并且在那里学习借鉴其他的思想
and take it from there.
如果说这一切都是真的
Now if all this is true,
那么为什么我们还得到这样错误的结论？
then why are we getting it so wrong?
为什么我们要这样创立我们的学校 我们的工作单位？
Why are we setting up our schools this way, and our workplaces?
为什么我们要让这些内向的人觉得那么愧疚
And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty
对于他们只是想要离开 一个人独处一段时间的事实？
about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time?
有一个解释在我们的文化史中埋藏已久
One answer lies deep in our cultural history.
西方社会
Western societies,
特别是美国
and in particular the U.S.,
总是偏爱有行动的人 而非一个有思考的人
have always favored the man of action over the “man” of contemplation.
美国早期的时候
But in America’s early days,
我们生活在一个被历史学家称作“性格特征”的文化的环境下
we lived in what historians call a culture of character,
那时我们仍然 在这点上 判断人们的价值
where we still, at that point, valued people
从人们的内涵和道义正直
for their inner selves and their moral rectitude.
而且如果你翻阅这个时代关于自立的书籍的话
And if you look at the self-help books from this era,
它们都有这样一种标题：
they all had titles with things like
“性格 世界上最伟大的事物”
“Character, the Grandest Thing in the World.”
并且它们标榜亚伯拉罕·林肯这样的人
And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln,
一个被描述成谦虚低调的男人
who was praised for being modest and unassuming.
拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生称他是
Ralph Waldo Emerson called him
“一个以‘优越’二字形容都不为过的人”
“A man who does not offend by superiority.”
但是到了二十世纪
But then we hit the 20th century,
我们融入了一种新的文化
and we entered a new culture
一种被历史学家称作是“个性”的文化
that historians call the culture of personality.
所发生的改变就是我们从农业经济发展为
What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy
一个大商业经济的世界
to a world of big business.
而且人们突然开始从小的城镇搬向城市
And so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities.
并且一改之前在生活中和所熟识的人们一起工作的方式
And instead of working alongside people they’ve known all their lives,
现在他们 在一群陌生人中间有必要去证明自己
now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers.
这样做是相当可以理解的
So, quite understandably,
像领袖气质和个人魅力这样的品质 突然间似乎变得极为重要
qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to seem really important.
那么可以肯定的是 自助自立的书的内容变更了以适应这些新的需求
And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs
它们开始拥有自己的名称
and they start to have names
像是《如何赢得朋友和影响他人》
like “How to Win Friends and Influence People.”
它们的特点是做自己的榜样 不得不说确实是好的推销员
And they feature as their role models really great salesmen.
所以这就是我们今天生活的世界
So that’s the world we’re living in today.
这是我们文化遗产
That’s our cultural inheritance.
现在没有谁能说 社交技能是不重要的
Now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant,
并且我也不是想呼吁 大家废除团队合作模式
and I’m also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all.
但相同的宗教 却把他们的圣人送到了孤独的山顶上
The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops
仍然教导我们爱与信任
also teach us love and trust.
还有我们今天所要面对的问题
And the problems that we are facing today
比如在科学和经济领域
in fields like science and in economics
它们是如此的巨大和复杂
are so vast and so complex
以至于我们需要人们强有力地团结起来
that we are going to need armies of people coming together
共同解决这些问题
to solve them working together.
但是我想说 越给内向者自由让他们做自己
But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves,
他们就做得越好
the more likely that they are
他们可以想出独特的问题解决办法
to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.
所以现在我很高兴同你们分享 我手提箱中的东西
So now I’d like to share with you what’s in my suitcase today.
猜猜这是什么？
Guess what?
书
Books.
我有一个手提箱里面装满了书
I have a suitcase full of books.
这是玛格丽特·阿特伍德的《猫的眼睛》
Here’s Margaret Atwood, “Cat’s Eye.”
这是一本米兰·昆德拉的书
Here’s a novel by Milan Kundera.
这是迈蒙尼德写的《迷途指津》
And here’s “The Guide for the Perplexed” by Maimonides.
但这些实际上都不是我的书
But these are not exactly my books.
可我还是带着它们
I brought these books with me
因为它们都是我祖父最喜爱的作家所写
because they were written by my grandfather’s favorite authors.
我的祖父是一名犹太教祭司
My grandfather was a rabbi
他孤身一人
and he was a widower
住在布鲁克林的一间小公寓中
who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn
那里是我从小到大在这个世界上最喜爱的地方
that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up,
部分原因是它充满非常温和亲切的 温文尔雅的举止
partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence
部分原因是那里充满了书
and partly because it was filled with books.
毫不夸张地说 公寓中的每张桌子 每张椅子
I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment
都充分应用着它原有的功能
had yielded its original function
就是现在作为承载一大堆都在摇曳的书的表面
to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books.
就像我其他的家庭成员一样
Just like the rest of my family,
在这个世界上 我祖父最喜欢做的事情就是阅读
my grandfather’s favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
但是他同样也热爱他的宗教
But he also loved his congregation,
并且你们可以从他的讲述中感觉到这种热爱
and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave
62年来每周他都会担任犹太教的祭司
every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi.
他会从每周的阅读中汲取养分
He would takes the fruits of each week’s reading
并且他会编织
and he would weave
这些错综复杂的古代和人文主义的思想的挂毯
these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought.
人们会从各个地方前来 听他的演讲
And people would come from all over to hear him speak.
有这么一件关于我祖父的事情
But here’s the thing about my grandfather.
在这个正式的角色下隐藏着
Underneath this ceremonial role,
他是一个非常谦虚的非常内向的人
he was really modest and really introverted —
是那么的谦虚内向以至于 他在向人们讲述的时候
so much so that when he delivered these sermons,
都不敢和教堂听众有眼神交流
he had trouble making eye contact
他已经发言有62年了
with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years.
甚至都还远离领奖台
And even away from the podium,
当你们让他说“你好”的时候
when you called him to say hello,
他总会提早结束这对话担心
he would often end the conversation prematurely
他会占用你太多的时间
for fear that he was taking up too much of your time.
但是当他94岁去世的时候
But when he died at the age of 94,
警察们需要封锁他所居住的街道邻里
the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood
以便容纳拥挤前来哀悼他的人们
to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him.
这些天来我都试着用我自己的方式
And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather’s example
从我祖父的事例中学习
in my own way.
所以我就出版了一本关于内向性格的书
So I just published a book about introversion,
我用了7年的时间完成它
and it took me about seven years to write.
对我来说 这七年像是一种极大的喜悦
And for me, that seven years was like total bliss,
因为我在阅读 我在写作
because I was reading, I was writing,
我在思考 我在探寻
I was thinking, I was researching.
这是我的版本
It was my version
讲述祖父一天中几个小时都要独自待在图书馆这件事
of my grandfather’s hours of the day alone in his library.
但是现在突然间我的工作变得很不同了
But now all of a sudden my job is very different,
我的工作变成了站在这里讲述它
and my job is to be out here talking about it,
讲述内向的性格
talking about introversion.
这对于我来说有一点困难
And that’s a lot harder for me,
因为我很荣幸在现在被你们所有人所倾听
because as honored as I am to be here with all of you right now,
这可不是我自然的文化背景
this is not my natural milieu.
所以我尽我所能准备了一会就像这样
So I prepared for moments like these as best I could.
我最近一年一有机会
I spent the last year practicing public speaking
我就练习公共演讲
every chance I could get.
我把这一年称作“危险地发言的一年”
And I call this my “year of speaking dangerously.”
但它的确帮了我很大的忙
And that actually helped a lot.
我要告诉你们一个帮我更大的忙的事情
But I’ll tell you, what helps even more
那就是我的感觉 信仰 我的希望当谈及我们态度的时候
is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes to our attitudes
对于内向性格的 对于安静 对于独处的态度时
to introversion and to quiet and to solitude,
我们确实是在急剧变化的边缘上保持微妙的平衡
we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change.
我的意思是 我们在保持平衡
I mean, we are.
现在我将要给你们留下一些东西
And so I am going to leave you now
三件对于你们的行动有帮助的事情 献给那些观看我的演讲的人
with three calls for action for those who share this vision.
第一：
Number one:
停止经常要团队协作的执迷与疯狂
Stop the madness for constant group work.
停下就好了
Just stop it.
谢谢你们
Thank you.
我想让我所说的事让你们更明白一些
And I want to be clear about what I’m saying,
因为我深信我们的办公室
because I deeply believe our offices
应该是鼓励式的 休闲随意聊天似的咖啡厅一样
should be encouraging casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions —
道不同不相为谋 人们聚到一起
you know, the kind where people come together
相互交流着着宝贵的意见
and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas.
这真的很棒
That is great.
无论对于内向者和外向者 这都有好处
It’s great for introverts and it’s great for extroverts.
但是我们需要更多的隐私和自由
But we need much more privacy and much more freedom
还有更多对于我们本身工作的自主权
and much more autonomy at work.
学校 也同样如此
School, same thing.
我们需要教会孩子们要一起学习工作
We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure,
但是我们同样需要教会孩子们怎么样独立完成任务
but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own.
这对于外向的孩子们来说同样是极为重要的
This is especially important for extroverted children too.
他们需要独立完成工作
They need to work on their own
这是他们深刻思考的来源
because that is where deep thought comes from in part.
好了 第二点：去野外（打开思维）
Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness.
就像佛祖一样 拥有你们自己对于事物的揭示启迪
Be like Buddha, have your own revelations.
我并不是说
I’m not saying
我们都要跑去小树林里建造我们自己的小屋
that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods
之后就永远不和别人说话了
and never talk to each other again,
但是我想说的是 我们可以坚持清除一些障碍物
but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug
然后时不时深入我们的大脑进行思考
and get inside our own heads a little more often.
第三点：
Number three:
好好看一眼你的旅行箱内有什么东西
Take a good look at what’s inside your own suitcase
思考一下你为什么把它放进去
and why you put it there.
所以外向者们
So extroverts,
也许你们的箱子内同样堆满了书
maybe your suitcases are also full of books.
或者它们装满了香槟的玻璃酒杯 或跳伞设备
Or maybe they’re full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment.
不管它是什么 我希望有机会的时候你们就把它拿出来
Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get
用你的能量和快乐让我们感受到美和享受
and grace us with your energy and your joy.
但是内向者们 你们作为内向者
But introverts, you being you,
你们很有可能有一种冲动
you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully
仔细保护你箱子里的所有东西
what’s inside your own suitcase.
这没有问题
And that’s okay.
但是偶尔地 只是说偶尔地
But occasionally, just occasionally,
我希望你们可以打开手提箱 让别人看一看
I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see,
因为这个世界需要你们 同样需要你们身上所携带的你们特有的事物
because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.
所以对于你们即将开启的所有旅程
So I wish you the best of all possible journeys
我都给予最美好的祝愿 还有温柔说话的勇气
and the courage to speak softly.
非常感谢你们
Thank you very much.
谢谢大家 感谢
Thank you. Thank you.
END
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图源网络.侵联删 .
祝福你.谢谢你.我爱你
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