一、外刊閱讀：小貓釣魚
Self Discipline: Its Benefits and Importance (Sport & Life)
A.stick B. strengthen C.persevere D.satisfying E.overcome F.challenges
G.eventually H.restrictive I. consequently J. cure K. temptations
One of the main characteristics of self-discipline is the ability to forgo(放棄) instant and immediate gratification and pleasure, in favor of some greater gain or more (31) ______ results, even if this requires effort and time. Self discipline gives you the power to (32) ______ to your decisions and follow them through, without changing your mind, and is therefore one of the important requirements for achieving goals.
The possession of self discipline enables you to choose, and then (33) ______ with actions, thoughts and behavior, which lead to improvement and success. It also gives you the power and inner strength to (34) ______ addictions, procrastination and laziness and to follow through whatever you do.
This is a very useful and needed skill in everyone’s life, and though most people acknowledge its importance, yet very few do anything to develop and (35) ______ it.
Contrary to common belief, self-discipline is not a severe and limited behavior or a (36) _______ lifestyle. It is a very important ingredient for success, any form of success. It expresses itself as perseverance, the ability not to give up despite failure and setbacks, as self control, and as the ability to resist (37) ______ and distractions that tend to stand in the way of attaining aims and goals. In fact, it is one of the most important pillars of real and stable success.
This ability leads to to self confidence, self esteem and inner strength, and (38) _______ to happiness and satisfaction. On the other hand, lack of self discipline may lead to failure, loss, health and relationships problems, obesity and to other troubles.
Life often presents (39) _______ and problems on the path to success and achievement, and in order to rise above them you have to act with perseverance and persistence, and this requires self discipline. You also this skill to (40) ______ and overcome eating disorders, addictions, smoking, drinking and other negative habits.
Self discipline is vital for overcoming eating disorders, addictions, smoking, drinking and other negative habits. It is also an important requirement for studying and learning, for developing any skill, and for success in self improvement, spiritual growth and meditation.
Most people acknowledge the importance and benefits of self discipline, but very few take real steps to develop and strengthen it. This ability can be strengthened and developed like any other skill, through training. Yes, you can develop self discipline with special exercises, which you can practice at any time and place.
二、參考答案：
三、原文鏈接：
四、核心詞彙：
satisfying stick persevere overcome strengthen
restrictive temptations consequently challenges
cure eventually forgo gratification discipline
addictions procrastination laziness perseverance
resist distractions attaining meditation
拓展變形為
addict
addicted
addicting
addiction
addictions
addictive
addicts
nonaddictive
attain
attainable
attained
attaining
attainment
attainments
attains
unattainable
challenge
challenged
challenger
challengers
challenges
challenging
challengingly
unchallengeable
unchallenged
consequent
consequently
cure
curable
curative
cured
cures
curing
incurable
incurably
discipline
disciplinarian
disciplinary
disciplined
disciplines
disciplining
indiscipline
interdisciplinary
undisciplined
distract
distracted
distractedly
distracter
distracters
distracting
distractingly
distraction
distractions
distractor
distractors
distracts
eventually
eventual
eventualities
eventuality
forgo
forego
foregoes
foregoing
foregone
forgoes
forgoing
forgone
gratify
gratification
gratifications
gratified
gratifies
gratifying
gratifyingly
lazy
lazier
laziest
lazily
laziness
meditate
meditated
meditates
meditating
meditation
meditations
meditative
meditatively
meditator
meditators
overcome
overcame
overcomes
overcoming
persevere
perseverance
perseverances
persevered
perseveres
persevering
procrastinate
procrastinated
procrastinates
procrastinating
procrastination
procrastinations
procrastinator
procrastinators
resist
nonresistant
resistance
resistances
resistant
resisted
resister
resisters
resistible
resisting
resistive
resistivity
resistless
resistor
resistors
resists
rÉsistance
unresistant
unresisting
unresistingly
restrict
restricted
restricting
restriction
restrictions
restrictive
restrictively
restricts
unrestricted
unrestrictive
satisfy
satisfied
satisfies
satisfying
satisfyingly
unsatisfied
unsatisfying
stick
sticker
stickers
sticking
sticks
stuck
unstuck
strength
strengthen
strengthened
strengthening
strengthens
strengths
tempt
temptation
temptations
tempted
tempting
tempts
五、重點講解：
1.procrastinate [prəʊˈkræstɪneɪt]
v.to delay doing sth that you should do, usually because you do not want to do it
拖延;耽擱
Most often we procrastinate when faced with something we do not want to do.
面對不想做的事情，我們經常拖延。
Most of the tasks that you procrastinate on (that is to say, you postpone doing what you should be doing,) aren’t actually difficult to do.(2018青浦一模）
大多數你拖延的任務（也就是說，你推遲了應該做的事）其實並不難做。
According to a recent report, 95 percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20 percent of the world's population are always procrastinating.（2014閔行一模）
根據最近的一份報告，95%的人在某個時候會拖延，20%的世界人口總是拖延。
六、原文翻譯
One of the main characteristics of self-discipline is the ability to forgo(反棄) instant and immediate gratification and pleasure, in favor of some greater gain or more satisfying results, even if this requires effort and time. Self discipline gives you the power to stick to your decisions and follow them through, without changing your mind, and is therefore one of the important requirements for achieving goals.
自律的一個主要特徵是能夠放棄即時的滿足和快樂，而傾向於獲得更大的收穫或更令人滿意的結果，即使這需要努力和時間。自律讓你有能力堅持自己的決定並堅持到底，而不改變自己的想法，因此自律是實現目標的重要要求之一。
The possession of self discipline enables you to choose, and then persevere with actions, thoughts and behavior, which lead to improvement and success. It also gives you the power and inner strength to overcome addictions, procrastination and laziness and to follow through whatever you do.
自律能使你做出選擇，然後堅持行動、思想和行為，從而導致進步和成功。它也給你力量和內在的力量去克服上癮，拖延和懶惰，並堅持你所做的一切。
This is a very useful and needed skill in everyone’s life, and though most people acknowledge its importance, yet very few do anything to develop and strengthen it.
這是每個人生活中非常有用和需要的技能，雖然大多數人承認它的重要性，但很少有人做任何事情來發展和加強它。
Contrary to common belief, self-discipline is not a severe and limited behavior or a restrictive lifestyle. It is a very important ingredient for success, any form of success. It expresses itself as perseverance, the ability not to give up despite failure and setbacks, as self control, and as the ability to resist temptations and distractions that tend to stand in the way of attaining aims and goals. In fact, it is one of the most important pillars of real and stable success.
與一般的觀念相反，自律不是一種嚴格和有限的行為或限制性的生活方式。它是成功的重要因素，任何形式的成功。它表現為恆心，不放棄失敗和挫折的能力，自我控制的能力，以及抵抗誘惑和干擾的能力，這些都會阻礙目標的實現。事實上，它是真正和穩定成功的最重要支柱之一。
This ability leads to to self confidence, self esteem and inner strength, and consequently to happiness and satisfaction. On the other hand, lack of self discipline may lead to failure, loss, health and relationships problems, obesity and to other troubles.
這種能力會帶來自信、自尊和內在力量，從而帶來幸福和滿足。另一方面，缺乏自律可能導致失敗、喪失、健康和人際關係問題、肥胖和其他問題。
Life often presents challenges and problems on the path to success and achievement, and in order to rise above them you have to act with perseverance and persistence, and this requires self discipline. You also this skill to cure and overcome eating disorders, addictions, smoking, drinking and other negative habits.
在通往成功和成就的道路上，生活常常會帶來挑戰和問題，為了克服這些挑戰，你必須堅持不懈地行動，這需要自律。你還可以通過這種技巧來治癒和克服飲食失調、上癮、吸菸、酗酒和其他不良習慣。
Self discipline is vital for overcoming eating disorders, addictions, smoking, drinking and other negative habits. It is also an important requirement for studying and learning, for developing any skill, and for success in self improvement, spiritual growth and meditation.
自律對於克服飲食失調、上癮、吸菸、酗酒和其他不良習慣至關重要。這也是學習和學習的重要要求，是發展任何技能的重要要求，也是在自我完善、精神成長和冥想方面取得成功的重要要求。
Most people acknowledge the importance and benefits of self discipline, but very few take real steps to develop and strengthen it. This ability can be strengthened and developed like any other skill, through training. Yes, you can develop self discipline with special exercises, which you can practice at any time and place.
大多數人承認自律的重要性和益處，但很少有人真正採取措施來發展和加強自律。這種能力可以像任何其他技能一樣通過訓練得到加強和發展。是的，你可以通過特殊的練習來發展自律，你可以在任何時間和地點練習。
七、拓展閱讀
Effective self-control strategies involve much more than willpower
The report comes at a time when environmental pressures and societal problems are making strategies for boosting self-control more important than ever, says Angela Duckworth, a University of Pennsylvania psychology professor and one of report's authors.
"Temptations are arguably more readily available, more creatively engineered, and cheaper than any time in history," Duckworth says. "Junk food gets tastier and cheaper every year. And then there's video games, social media, the list goes on. In parallel, there are public policy issues such as obesity, educational underachievement, and undersaving that result, in part, from failures of self-control."
Duckworth's coauthors on the report -- published in Psychological Science in the Public Interest, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science -- are Katherine L. Milkman (The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania) and David Laibson (Harvard University). George Loewenstein (Carnegie Mellon University), a leading researcher in the science of decision making, is author of an accompanying commentary.
Based on their comprehensive review of available research, Duckworth, Milkman, and Laibson propose a framework that organizes evidence-based self-control strategies along two dimensions based on how the strategies are implemented and who is initiating them.
They observe that in some cases the best self-control strategy involves us changing the situation to create incentives or obstacles that help us exercise self-control, such as using apps that restrict our phone usage or keeping junk food out of the house. In other cases it's more effective to change how we think about the situation -- for example, by making an if-then plan to anticipate how we'll deal with treats in the office -- so that exercising self-control becomes more appealing or easier to accomplish.
Other strategies work better when someone else implements them for us. For example, our electricity company might use social norms to prompt a change in our thinking, showing us how our energy usage compares with that of our neighbors. And policymakers often use situational constraints to prompt behavior focused on the long-term. Examples range from incentives (e.g., tax rebates for eco-friendly building materials) to penalties (e.g., raising taxes on cigarettes and alcohol). Employers are increasingly using another type of situational constraint, defaults, to encourage employees to save for retirement; many are requiring people to opt out of an employer-provided retirement plan if they don't want to participate.
The strategies, drawing from insights in psychological science and economics, can inform the efforts of policymakers, employers, healthcare professionals, educators, and other practitioners to address pressing issues that stem, at least in part, from failures in self-control, the authors write.
Identifying four types of self-control strategies that go beyond willpower sends an important message, Loewenstein writes in his commentary, given that people often believe willpower is sufficient despite its high failure rate. One of the reasons people tend to fail in their New Year's resolutions is "naivety about the limitations of the brute-force approach and ignorance of the far more effective strategies enumerated in the review," he writes.
But Loewsenstein notes some important caveats to keep in mind when interpreting the research, which the researchers also acknowledge in the report. Many studies have examined self-control strategies in small groups of participants over brief periods of time, which raises questions about whether they will remain effective if implemented at a broader scale and how long the effects will last.
Duckworth, Milkman, and Laibson hope that their review helps to integrate existing research on self-control from several disciplines into a comprehensive whole.
"There is an urgent need for a cumulative and applied science of self-control -- one that incorporates insights from theoretical traditions in both psychological science and economics," the resesarchers write. "We hope this review is a step in that direction."（613）
（https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/02/190214153023.htm）
外刊核心詞彙
accompany
accompanied
accompanies
accompaniment
accompaniments
accompanist
accompanists
accompanying
unaccompanied
accomplish
accomplished
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acknowledged
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acknowledgments
unacknowledged
address
addressed
addressee
addressees
addresses
addressing
alcohol
alcoholic
alcoholics
alcoholism
alcohols
anticipate
anticipated
anticipates
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anticipation
anticipations
anticipatory
unanticipated
appeal
appealed
appealing
appealingly
appeals
unappealing
apply
application
applications
applied
applies
applying
apps
disapplication
reapplication
reapplications
reapplied
reapplies
reapply
approach
approachable
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approaching
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arguably
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argument
argumentation
argumentative
argumentatively
argumentativeness
arguments
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unarguably
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associated
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associateship
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associating
association
associations
associative
associatively
author
authored
authoress
authoresses
authorial
authoring
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authorship
available
availability
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base
based
baseless
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became
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behaviour
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behavioral
behaviorism
behaviorist
behaviorists
behaviors
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brief
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