课标要求
能辨认出由that, which, who引导的限定性定语从句,并能理解句子意思。
微课学习
（课件来源：B站 佛系考试Junbaobao）
高分突破讲解
定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词的句子,它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如:
1.定语从句的引导词(关系词)
常见的关系代词有:
常见的关系副词有:
2.引导词(关系词)的用法
(1)由that引导的定语从句(2016、2014、2011年考)
一般情况下that可指人或物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能作介词的宾语。如:
- The man that(who) is speaking at the meeting is a foreigner. 正在会上发言的那个男人是个外国人。
- Is this the nurse that(whom) you talked about yesterday? 这就是你们昨天谈论的那位护士吗?
- The present that(which) I received yesterday was from my father. 昨天我收到的礼物是我父亲寄来的。
(2)由who,whom和whose引导的定语从句(2019、2017、2013年考)
who在从句中作主语,whom在从句中作宾语,whose在从句中作定语。如:
- This is the thief who stole my car. 这就是偷我车的那个贼。
- He is the boy whom you wanted to find. 他就是你想要找的那个男孩。
- The girl whose mother is a nurse is waiting for you outside. 妈妈是个护士的那个女孩在外面等你。
(3)由which引导的定语从句(2015、2012年考)
which指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。如:
- The book which Mum bought me last week is called TheOldManandtheSea. 妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫《老人与海》。
- The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum. 鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。
3.引导词(关系词)的特殊用法
(1)下列情况只能用that(不能用which)来指代物:
①先行词为all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。如:
- I will do everythingthat I can do to help you. 我将做我能做的一切事情来帮助你。
②先行词是最高级或者被形容词的最高级修饰时。如:
- This is themostimportanttaskthat should be finished soon. 这是必须马上完成的最重要的任务。
③先行词为数词或被序数词修饰时。如:
- You are thefirstmenthat like this kind of books. 你们是第一批喜欢这种书的人。
④先行词中既有人又有物时。如:
- We were deeply impressed by theteachersandschoolsthat we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了很深的印象。
⑤当先行词前有the one, the only, the last, the very, any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时,引导词只能用that。如:
- He is the onlypersonthat knows the truth. 他是唯一知道真相的人。
⑥当主句中已经含有疑问词who或者which时,只用that。如:
- He built a factory which produced things that I had never seen before. 他建造了一个工厂,生产的东西是我之前从未见过的。
(2)下列情况只能用who来指代人:
①先行词是one, ones, anyone时,适宜用who。如:
- Onewho has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth. 一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。
- Don’t tell anyone about the news who shouldn’t be told. 别告诉不该告诉的人任何消息。
②当those作先行词指人时,引导词只能用who。如:
- Thosewho respect others are often respected by others. 尊敬别人的人也常常受人尊敬。
③当先行词有较长的后置定语时,宜用who。如:
- I met a foreigner inthestreetwho could speak Chinese well. 我在街上遇到一位可以把中文说得很好的外国人。
④有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已经使用了that,另一个宜用who。如:
- The boy that you met last night is her boyfriend who can make kites. 你昨晚遇到的那个男孩是她的男朋友,他会制作风筝。
⑤在there be开头的句子中用who。如:
- Thereis an old man who wants to see you. 有一个老人想见你。
⑥当主语是I, he, you, they等时,常用于谚语、格言中,只能用who。如:
- Hewho plays with fire gets burned. 玩火者自焚。
广东真题
( )1.(2019广东)Not all children watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.
A.whom
B.which
C.who
D.whose
( )2.(2017广东)According to a survey, people are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily.
A.which
B.whom
C.whose
D.who
( )3.(2016广东)Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years.Everything comes into sight is so new to me.
A.that
B.which
C.who
D.whom
( )4.(2015广东)RunningMan is a very relaxing TV program is hot among the young people.
A.what
B.which
C.who
D.whom
( )5.(2014广东)When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing he did was to look for some food.
A.who
B.that
C.which
D.whom
答案
1~5 CDABB
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