中國女孩不需要被保護，中國女孩只需要勇敢起來

近日，因為一則《外國人永久居留管理條例》（徵求意見稿），社交媒體上掀起了腥風血雨。

演講全文

So a few years ago, I did something really brave, or some would say really stupid. I ran for Congress.For years, I had existed safely behind the scenes in politics as a fundraiser, as an organizer, but in my heart, I always wanted to run.

幾年前，我做了一些非常勇敢的事，或許有些人會說很愚蠢的事。我參選國會議員。很多年來，我安全地存在於政治活動背後作為資金籌集人，作為組織者，但我的內心，我一直希望參選。

The sitting congresswoman had been in my district since 1992. She had never lost a race, and no one had really even run against her in a Democratic primary. But in my mind, this was my way to make a difference, to disrupt the status quo. The polls, however, told a very different story. My pollsters told me that I was crazy to run, that there was no way that I could win.

現任的國會議員女士從1992年起就擔任這個職務。 她從未輸過一場選戰，甚至在民初黨內初選中，都沒有對手提出參選。但在我心中，這就是我的機會，改變現狀。然而，民意調查顯示出了完全不同的結果。我的民調專家告訴我我要參選簡直是瘋了，我不可能會贏。

But I ran anyway, and in 2012, I became an upstart in a New York City congressional race. I swore I was going to win. I had the endorsement from the New York Daily News, the Wall Street Journal snapped pictures of me on election day, and CNBC called it one of the hottest races in the country.

但我還是參選了，在2012年，我成了崛起的新秀，參選紐約市國會競選。我發誓我會贏。我得到了《紐約每日新聞》的認可，《華爾街日報》刊登了我在選舉日的照片，美國全國廣播公司財經頻道稱之為全國範圍內最熱的選戰。

I raised money from everyone I knew, including Indian aunties that were just so happy an Indian girl was running. But on election day, the polls were right, and I only got 19 percent of the vote, and the same papers that said I was a rising political star now said I wasted 1.3 million dollars on 6,321 votes. Don't do the math. It was humiliating.

我從我認識的每個人那裡籌錢，包括印度阿姨們。她們很高興一個印度女生參選。但選舉日，民調是對的，我只拿到了19%的選票，那張曾稱我為新興政治明星的報紙現在卻說我浪費了130萬美金在6321張選票上。不要算數字。太丟臉了。

Now, before you get the wrong idea, this is not a talk about the importance of failure. Nor is it about leaning in. I tell you the story of how I ran for Congress because I was 33 years old and it was the first time in my entire life that I had done something that was truly brave, where I didn't worry about being perfect. And I'm not alone: so many women I talk to tell me that they gravitate towards careers and professions that they know they're going to be great in, that they know they're going to be perfect in, and it's no wonder why. Most girls are taught to avoid risk and failure. We're taught to smile pretty, play it safe, get all A's. Boys, on the other hand, are taught to play rough, swing high, crawl to the top of the monkey bars and then just jump off headfirst.

現在，在你們得到錯誤觀點前，這不是一個講述失敗有多重要的演說。也不是說女孩要向前一步。我講述的故事是我如何參選國會議員的，因為我只有33歲，這是我人生中第一次做出真正勇敢的事，沒有擔心完美。我不是一個人：太多女士曾告訴我，她們多麼被職業和專業吸引，她們知道她們會做得很好，她們知道她們會非常完美，不足為奇。

And by the time they're adults, whether they're negotiating a raise or even asking someone out on a date, they're habituated to take risk after risk. They're rewarded for it. It's often said in Silicon Valley, no one even takes you seriously unless you've had two failed start-ups. In other words, we're raising our girls to be perfect, and we're raising our boys to be brave. Some people worry about our federal deficit, but I, I worry about our bravery deficit. Our economy, our society, we're just losing out because we're not raising our girls to be brave. The bravery deficit is why women are underrepresented in STEM, in C-suites, in boardrooms, in Congress, and pretty much everywhere you look.

當他們成長為大人，無論他們是在談判加薪或是約某人出去玩，他們習慣於接受一個一個挑戰。他們也為此得到回報獎賞。在矽谷有這樣的說法，沒人把你當回事除非你創業失敗兩次以上。另一句話說，我們教育培養女孩子們追求完美，我們教育培養男孩子們要勇敢。有些人擔心我們的聯邦赤字，但是，我擔心我們的勇氣赤字。我們的經濟，我們的社會， 我們在遭受損失，因為我們沒有教育女孩子們要勇敢。勇氣赤字就是為什麼女性在科學技術工程數學（STEM）領域，在企業高管層，在董事會，在國會，在你所看到的任何地方 都未被充分代表。

In the 1980s, psychologist Carol Dweck looked at how bright fifth graders handled an assignment that was too difficult for them. She found that bright girls were quick to give up. The higher the IQ, the more likely they were to give up. Bright boys, on the other hand, found the difficult material to be a challenge. They found it energizing. They were more likely to redouble their efforts. What's going on? Well, at the fifth grade level, girls routinely outperform boys in every subject, including math and science, so it's not a question of ability. The difference is in how boys and girls approach a challenge. And it doesn't just end in fifth grade.

在1980年代，心理學家Carol Dweck 觀察研究了五年級學生如何處理一項對他們來說太困難的作業。她發現，聰明的女孩們很快就放棄了。智商越高的女孩，放棄的可能性越大。男孩們，將困難的材料視為一個挑戰。他們為此精力充沛。他們更傾向於雙倍努力。發生了什麼？嗯，在五年級， 女孩總的來說比男孩 在各個科目的表現都要好， 包括數學和科學， 所以這不是能力的問題。不同點在於男孩和女孩 如何看待挑戰。這不止於五年級。

An HP report found that men will apply for a job if they meet only 60 percent of the qualifications, but women, women will apply only if they meet 100 percent of the qualifications. 100 percent. This study is usually invoked as evidence that, well, women need a little more confidence. But I think it's evidence that women have been socialized to aspire to perfection, and they're overly cautious. And even when we're ambitious, even when we're leaning in, that socialization of perfection has caused us to take less risks in our careers. And so those 600,000 jobs that are open right now in computing and tech, women are being left behind, and it means our economy is being left behind on all the innovation and problems women would solve if they were socialized to be brave instead of socialized to be perfect.

一份惠普報告指出男性會遞出工作申請。如果他們只達到60%的招聘要求，而女性，女性只有在100%達到招聘要求的時候才會遞出申請。百分之百。這份研究通常會被作為證據來說，嗯，女性需要更多的自信。但我認為這是證據，說明女性長期被賦予追逐完美，她們太過謹慎了。即使是當我們雄心勃勃，即使我們向前一步，社會對完美的要求讓我們在職業發展中選擇冒更小的風險。現在，在計算機和科技領域，有六十萬個開放申請的工作職位，女性被拋在了後面，這也意味著我們的經濟被遠遠拋在了後面。女性可以解決的創新和難題，如果女性被教育要勇敢，而不是完美。

So in 2012, I started a company to teach girls to code, and what I found is that by teaching them to code I had socialized them to be brave. Coding, it's an endless process of trial and error, of trying to get the right command in the right place, with sometimes just a semicolon making the difference between success and failure. Code breaks and then it falls apart, and it often takes many, many tries until that magical moment when what you're trying to build comes to life. It requires perseverance. It requires imperfection. We immediately see in our program our girls' fear of not getting it right, of not being perfect. Every Girls Who Code teacher tells me the same story. During the first week, when the girls are learning how to code, a student will call her over and she'll say, "I don't know what code to write." The teacher will look at her screen, and she'll see a blank text editor. If she didn't know any better, she'd think that her student spent the past 20 minutes just staring at the screen.

在2012年，我創辦了一家公司 教女孩如何編程，我發現，通過教她們如何編程，我令她們更加勇敢。編程，是一個無止盡的過程實驗和錯誤，試著將對的指令放在合適的地方，有時只是一個分號，就能決定成功還是失敗。編碼出錯了隨後七零八落，時常需要很多很多次試驗，直到那個神奇的時刻，你想要搭建的程序完成了。它需要持之以恆的努力。需要接受不完美。我們立即發現在項目裡女孩們害怕出錯，害怕不完美。每個女孩的指導老師都和我說一樣的故事。在第一週，當女孩們試著學習如何編程，一個學生叫她過去她說到，“我不知道要寫那個編碼。”當老師看她的屏幕，會看到一個完全空白的界面。如果她不知道原因的話，她也許會想她的學生在過去的20分鐘裡，只是盯著屏幕發呆。

But if she presses undo a few times, she'll see that her student wrote code and then deleted it. She tried, she came close, but she didn't get it exactly right. Instead of showing the progress that she made, she'd rather show nothing at all. Perfection or bust. It turns out that our girls are really good at coding, but it's not enough just to teach them to code.

但如果她點擊幾下撤銷鍵，他就會看到她的學生，寫了代碼隨後又刪掉了它們。她嘗試了，她接近目標了，但是她沒有完全答對。比起展現她經歷的過程，她寧可什麼都不展現。要麼完美要麼什麼也沒有。結果顯示女孩們非常善於編程，但教給她們如何寫代碼是完全不夠的。

My friend Lev Brie, who is a professor at the University of Columbia and teaches intro to Java tells me about his office hours with computer science students. When the guys are struggling with an assignment, they'll come in and they'll say, "Professor, there's something wrong with my code." The girls will come in and say, "Professor, there's something wrong with me." We have to begin to undo the socialization of perfection, but we've got to combine it with building a sisterhood that lets girls know that they are not alone. Because trying harder is not going to fix a broken system.

我的朋友Lev Brie，是哥倫比亞大學的教授，他教授Java編程，他告訴我他對電腦科學學生開放的，諮詢時間裡發生的故事。當男生們艱難應對一個作業的時候，他們會過來然後說，“教授，我編的程序出了點問題。” 女生們會過來然後說，“教授，我出了點問題。” 我們必須要撤銷對女性社會化的完美主義，我們必須要將這和 建立女性支持系統一起讓女孩們知道她們並不孤單。因為再努力地嘗試也無法修補一個破裂的系統。

I can't tell you how many women tell me,“"I'm afraid to raise my hand, I'm afraid to ask a question, because I don't want to be the only one who doesn't understand, the only one who is struggling. When we teach girls to be brave and we have a supportive network cheering them on, they will build incredible things, and I see this every day. Take, for instance, two of our high school students who built a game called Tampon Run -- yes, Tampon Run -- to fight against the menstruation taboo and sexism in gaming. Or the Syrian refugee who dared show her love for her new country by building an app to help Americans get to the polls. Or a 16-year-old girl who built an algorithm to help detect whether a cancer is benign or malignant in the off chance that she can save her daddy's life because he has cancer.

太多的女性朋友告訴我，"我害怕舉手發言，我害怕問問題，因為我不想做那個 那個唯一不懂的人，那個唯一掙扎的人。當我們教女孩們要勇敢,我們要有支持她們的系統來鼓勵她們，她們會有偉大的成就，我每天都看到這些事。舉個例子，兩個高中學生，製作了一個遊戲叫做 衛生棉逃亡-- （譯者注：和遊戲”神廟逃亡“諧音） 對，衛生棉逃亡-- 來反對遊戲中的月經標記和對女性的歧視。或是敘利亞難民 她展示了對新國家的愛，製作了一款應用程序，讓美國人輕鬆瞭解民調。或是一個16歲的女孩，她建立了一套運算系統來幫助測算癌症是良性的還是惡性的，抱著一絲希望能救她患癌症的父親。

These are just three examples of thousands, thousands of girls who have been socialized to be imperfect, who have learned to keep trying, who have learned perseverance. And whether they become coders or the next Hillary Clinton or Beyoncé, they will not defer their dreams. And those dreams have never been more important for our country. For the American economy, for any economy to grow, to truly innovate, we cannot leave behind half our population. We have to socialize our girls to be comfortable with imperfection, and we've got to do it now. We cannot wait for them to learn how to be brave like I did when I was 33 years old.

這只是成千上萬個例子中的三個，成千上萬個女孩被社會化為不完美的，她們學習如何不斷嘗試，學著如何持之以恆。無論她們未來會成為程序員或是下一個希拉里•克林頓 或是碧昂斯，她們不會推遲自己的夢想。這些夢想對我們國家來說是多麼重要。對美國的經濟，對任何成長中的經濟，對真正的創新開發，我們不能丟下半數的人口。我們需要社會化地教女孩們適應習慣不完美，我們現在開始就要這樣做。我們不能等到她們自己去學習如何勇敢，就像我33歲時那樣。

We have to teach them to be brave in schools and early in their careers, when it has the most potential to impact their lives and the lives of others, and we have to show them that they will be loved and accepted not for being perfect but for being courageous. And so I need each of you to tell every young woman you know -- your sister, your niece, your employee, your colleague -- to be comfortable with imperfection, because when we teach girls to be imperfect, and we help them leverage it, we will build a movement of young women who are brave and who will build a better world for themselves and for each and every one of us. Thank you. (Applause) Thank you.

我們要教她們勇敢在學校在職業起步的時期， 在能夠影響她們的人生以及其他人的人生，重要的時期，要讓她們知道她們會被愛被接受，不是因為完美，而是因為充滿勇氣。我需要你們每個人告訴你認識的每個年輕女士 -- 你的姐妹，你的侄女， 你的僱員，你的同事 -- 習慣接受不完美，因為當我們告訴女孩不必完美的時候，我們幫助她們平衡這樣的關係，我們會有更多勇敢的年輕女士，這些女士為她們自己和我們每個人建立更好的世界。

謝謝。（鼓掌） 謝謝。

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