-Hello and welcome to 6 Minute Vocabulary. I'm Catherine. -And I'm Finn, hello.
-歡迎收聽六分鐘詞彙。我是凱瑟琳。-我是芬恩，你好。
Today's programme is all about lexical sets.
本期我們要學的是詞彙集。
That's right: lexical sets help us to learn words by grouping them together by topic or word type.
是的，詞彙集通過按主題或單詞類型將它們分組在一起來幫助我們學習單詞。
So, more on that later, but first, here's Dave. He's talking about a flood that happened in his home town recently, and here's a question to answer while you listen: what happened to all of Dave's possessions?
稍後再談論這個，現在先聽聽戴夫說了什麼。他談論的是最近他家鄉發生的一場洪災，邊聽邊思考：戴夫的房子怎麼了？
Well, we had so much rain: it said on the news we got a month's rainfall in just one day!
是這樣的，雨下得很大：有消息說，一天就有一個月的降雨量！
The water level rose so high that the river burst its banks and water poured into everyone's houses.
水位上升得太高了，導致河水衝破了河岸，水湧入了每個人的房屋。
It's terrible — my house was flooded, all my things were completely soaked and the carpets are still waterlogged.
這太可怕了，我的房子被水淹沒了，所有的東西都被完全浸溼了，地毯還在浸水。
Oh, dear. Dave.
噢，可憐的戴夫。
Yes. We asked you what happened to Dave's possessions.
是啊。我們的問題——戴夫的房子怎麼了？
And he said all his things were completely soaked — they were covered in water and now they're all wet and damaged.
他說他所有的東西都被完全浸溼了——它們被水淹沒了，現在都溼透了並且壞了。
Dave also used a few different words to talk about the flood and its effects.
戴夫還用幾個不同的詞來談論洪水及其影響。
He talked about the rain and rainfall — that's a way to describe the water that falls as rain over a period of time.
他談到了 rain 和 rainfall — 這是一種描述一段時間內水變成雨水下落。
And he talked about water level, that's the height of the water in rivers and lakes. And Dave said it got very high.
他談到 water level，也就是河流和湖泊中的水位。戴夫說它升得很高。
It did. And that's what caused the floods. Now, floods, water level, water, rainfall and rain — these are all on the topic of rain and floods.
的確是。這就是造成 floods 的原因。Floods，water level，water，rainfall 和 rain——這些都是關於雨水和洪水的話題。
And they're also all the same type of word — they're all nouns. So we can group these words into a lexical set.
而且它們都是相同類型的單詞——名詞。因此，我們可以將這些單詞歸為詞彙集。
That's right: a lexical set is a group of words which are all about the same topic, and which all belong to the same part of speech — they're all nouns or verbs or adjectives.
沒錯，詞彙集是一組都圍繞同一主題且都屬於同一詞性的單詞，它們都是名詞，動詞或形容詞。
So, to make a lexical set for activities on a beach holiday, for example, you might think of. . .
因此，如果是為海灘度假活動製作詞彙集，您可能會想到......
Swimming, sunbathing, and surfing. What do you like doing on a beach holiday, Catherine?
Swimming，sunbathing，和 surfing。凱瑟琳，在海灘度假時你喜歡做什麼？
-Me — I like sunbathing and eating ice cream. -Oh, yes, very good.
-我喜歡曬日光浴和吃冰淇淋。-哦，這很好。
And swimming, sunbathing, eating ice cream, and surfing are all gerunds, that's nouns made from –ing verbs.
Swimming，sunbathing，eating ice cream 和 surfing 都是動名詞，這些名詞都是由 –ing 動詞構成的。
Exactly, so: same topic, same word type: that's a lexical set!
就是這樣，相同的主題，相同的單詞類型：這是一個詞彙集合！
Lots of people find it useful to learn words in groups like this. They seem to stick in your mind more easily.
很多人發現在這樣的詞組中學習單詞很有用。他們似乎更容易記住這些單詞。
That's right and by learning words in lexical sets, you'll also have more words to choose from when you're talking about a topic.
沒錯，通過學習詞彙集中的單詞，當你談論一個話題時，你還會有更多的單詞可以選擇。
Let's hear Dave again and see if you can spot another lexical set. . .
再來聽聽戴夫說的話，看看是否能發現另外一個詞彙集......
My house was flooded, all my things were completely soaked and the carpets are still waterlogged.
我的房子被水淹沒了，所有的東西都被完全浸溼了，地毯還在浸水。
Did you get it? Dave said his house was flooded — full of water; all his things were soaked — completely wet; and his carpets still have lots of water in them — they are waterlogged.
你發現了嗎？戴夫說他的房子被 flooded 了——被水淹沒了；他所有的東西都 soaked——溼透了。而且他的地毯上仍然有很多水——他們被 waterlogged 了。
-The words flooded, soaked and waterlogged are all adjectives here, and they're all about flooding, so. . . -There's our next lexical set!
-這裡的 flooded，soaked 和 waterlogged 都是形容詞，它們都是關於被淹沒的，所以......-這是我們的下一個詞彙集！
There it is!
是的！
And we're talking about lexical sets: groups of words related to the same topic that come from the same part of speech, like nouns, verbs, adjectives, gerunds.
我們談論的是詞彙集：與同一主題相關的詞組，它們來自同一詞類，例如名詞，動詞，形容詞，動名詞。
That's right, and it's time for a quiz.
是的。現在是測試時間。
Aha! My favourite. Right: I'll say three words and you decide if they make a lexical set or not. Finn will tell you the answers. Ready?
我的最愛。是的，我會說三個詞，然後你確定它們是否構成一個詞彙集。芬恩會告訴你們答案。準備好了嗎？
Number one. Tea, coffee, water. Lexical set or not?
1，Tea，coffee，water。它們是不是詞彙集呢？
Well, they're all drinks — so the same topic — and they're all nouns, so they're a lexical set.
它們都是飲料，同樣的主題，而且都是名詞，所以它們是詞彙集。
They are. Another one: swimming, cleaning, sunbathing.
是的。另外一組：swimming，cleaning，sunbathing.
And that's not a lexical set. They are all gerunds, but the topic seems to be 'holiday activities' like swimming and sunbathing — and cleaning doesn't really fit with that group. Not on my holidays, anyway.
那不是詞彙集。它們都是動名詞，但話題似乎是游泳和曬日光浴這樣的“度假活動”，而清潔工作實際上並不合適。無論如何，這不是我的假期。
Not on mine, either. So, well done if you got those right at home. And we've just got time for a quick vocabulary tip. Finn?
也不是我的。所以，如果在家裡的你做對了這些題就很棒。而且我們還有時間快速獲取詞彙提示，芬恩？
OK, right, here we go: find a friend, and play a game of 'lexical set tennis'. It goes like this.
好了，我們開始了：找到一個朋友，玩“詞彙網球”遊戲。就像這樣。
You choose a topic, like sport, and then choose a word group like nouns — and then you take it in turns to say words in the set. Alright Catherine: shall we try this?
選擇一個主題，例如運動，然後選擇一個詞組，例如名詞，然後依次輪流說出集合中的單詞。凱瑟琳，我們來試試吧！
Yes, come on then.
好的，說吧。
The topic is sport and I'll start with football.
主題是體育，我將從足球開始。
Rugby.
橄欖球。
Boxing.
拳擊。
Basketball.
籃球。
Err. Err. Oh no! There's more about this at www. bbclearningenglish. com. Join us again for more 6 Minute Vocabulary. And I've got another one.
噢，不要！BBC英語學習網，歡迎訪問更多。歡迎再次收聽六分鐘詞彙學習。我又想到了一個。
-Come on then. -Golf…
-說吧。-高爾夫......
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