Their measurement had been sheer luck, or a case of knowing the result they wanted to get, not an uncommon occurrence in science. The light deflection has, however, been accurately confirmed by a number of later observations.
Another prediction of general relativity is that time should appear to slower near a massive body like the earth. This is because there is a relation between the energy of light and its frequency (that is, the number of waves of light per second):
the greater the energy, the higher frequency. As light travels upward in the earth’s gravitational field, it loses energy, and so its frequency goes down. (This means that the length of time between one wave crest and the next goes up.) To someone high up, it would appear that everything down below was making longer to happen. This prediction was tested in 1962,using a pair of very accurate clocks mounted at the top and bottom of a water tower. The clock at the bottom, which was nearer the earth, was found to run slower, in exact agreement with general relativity. The difference in the speed of clocks at different heights above the earth is now of considerable practical importance, with the advent of very accurate navigation systems based on signals from satellites. If one ignored the predictions of general relativity, the position that one calculated would be wrong by several miles!
Newton’s laws of motion put an end to the idea of absolute position in space. The theory of relativity gets rid of absolute time. Consider a pair of twins. Suppose that one twin goes to live on the top of a mountain while the other stays at sea level. The first twin would age faster than the second. Thus, if they met again, one would be older than the other. In this case, the difference in ages would be very small, but it would be much larger if one of the twins went for a long trip in a spaceship at nearly the speed of light. When he returned, he would be much younger than the one who stayed on earth.
Satellite 卫星
他们的测量纯属是运气，或是已知他们所要得的结果的情形，这在科学上是普遍发生的。然而，光偏折被后来的许多次观测准确地证实。
另一广义相对论的预言是，在像地球这样的大质量的物体附近，时间显得流逝得更慢一些。这是因为光能量和它的频率（每秒钟里光振动的次数）有一关系：能量越大，则频率越高。当光从地球的引力场往上走，它失去能量，因而其频率下降（这表明两个波峰之间的时间间隔变大）。从在上面的某个人来看，下面发生的每一件事情都显得需要更长的时间。利用一对安装在一个水塔的顶上和底下的非常准确的钟，这个预言在1962年被验证到。发现底下的那只更接近地球的钟走得更慢些，这和广义相对论完全一致。地球上的不同高度的钟的速度不同，这在目前具有相当的实用上的重要性，这是因为人们要用卫星发出的信号来作非常精确的导航。如果人们对广义相对论的预言无知，所计算的位置将会错几英里（1英里=1.609公里）！
牛顿运动定律使空间中绝对位置的观念告终。而对论摆脱了绝对时间。考虑一对双胞胎，假定其中一个孩子去山顶上生活，而另一个留在海平面，第一个将比第二个老得快。这样，如果他们再次相会，一个会比另一个更老。在这种情形下，年纪的差别非常小。但是，如果有一个孩子在以近于光速运动的空间飞船中作长途旅行，这种差别就会大得多。当他回来时，他会比留在地球上另一个人年轻得多。
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