動詞時態考點主要涉及一般現在時與一般過去的區別,其命題方式通常是在一個一般現在時的背景下誤用某個一般過去時;或者反過來,在一個一般過去時的背景下誤用某個一般現在時。從所涉及的動詞來看,主要涉及be和 have兩個常用動詞。有時也涉及其他時態,如一般將來時,現在完成時等,但很少見。
一、規則動詞的過去式由“動詞原形+-ed”構成,具體變化有:
1. 直接在詞尾加-ed。如:
clean—cleaned ,need—needed, stay—stayed
2. 以不發音的e結尾的在詞尾加-d。
如:live—lived, like—liked, move—moved , use—used,
3. 以一個元音字母加一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節動詞,先雙寫結尾的輔音字母,再加-ed。
如:prefer–preferred ,occur – occurred
stop—stopped, trap—trapped,
4. 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞,先把y變成i,再加-ed。
如:copy – copied ,carry—carried ,study—studied, , hurry—hurried, marry—married
二、不規則動詞變化,大體上歸納如下:
1. 某些以t結尾的詞,過去式與原形相同。
如: cut-cut-cut let-let-let hit-hit-hit put-put-put cost-cost-cost hurt-hurt-hurt
2. 以end結尾的詞,把d變成t。如:bend—bent—bent, lend—lent—lent, send—sent—sent, spend—spent- spent
3. 某些以n結尾的詞,在詞後加t。如:mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4. eep結尾的去掉一個e在詞尾加t,
如:keep—kept – kept , sleep—slept- slept, sweep – swept – swept; feel—felt – felt
5. eed或eet結尾的去掉一個e
bleed – bled – bled 流血,feed – fed – fed 喂 meet – met – met 見 speed—sped–sped
6. 單詞中有a 則aught,無a則ought:
teach – taught – taught ; catch – caught – caught 口訣記憶:教書被抓
think – thought ;bring – brought – brought , buy—bought ; fight – fought 口訣記憶:想帶來買(個)打架
A——B——C型
(1)其元音字母變化為i→a→u
1.drink drank drunk (喝) 2. begin began begun (開始)
3.swim swam swum (游泳)4. ring rang rung (鈴響)
(2)其元音字母變為i→o→變為en結尾 口訣:升起駕駛騎車寫字
1.rise rose risen (升)2. drive drove driven (駕駛)
3.ride(騎)—rode—ridden, 4. write(寫)—wrote—written
(3)把中間的元音字母都變為o→變為en結尾 口訣:偷盜醒來結冰打破選擇說忘記
break(打破)—broke—broken, choose(選擇)—chose—chosen, freeze(結冰)—froze—frozen,
speak(說)—spoke—spoken, forget(忘記)—forgot—forgotten,
steal(偷盜)—stole—stolen, wake(醒來)—woke—woken
(3)其詞尾變化為ow(aw)→ew→own(awn) 口訣: 長大後畫畫知道扔吹飛
1.grow grew grown (成長)2. draw drew drawn (拖;拉)
2.know knew known (知道) 4. throw threw thrown (扔)
blow(颳風)—blew—blown, throw(投)—threw—thrown, fly(飛)—flew—flown。
過去式在元音字母上變化,而過去分詞在原形的基礎上加n
eat—ate– eaten ; give –gave –given; forbid –forbade—forbidden;
see—saw– seen; shake—shook–shaken take– took–taken
口訣:規則的撒謊,不規則的躺,躺過就下蛋,下蛋不規則。(3個單詞)
lie (撒謊、說謊)—lied —lied ;lie(躺/平放/位於)—lay—lain ;lay (放置,產卵,下蛋)—laid —laid
真題單句歸納:
(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the carstop…(stop改為stopped)
(2) I remembered her words and calm down. (calm改為calmed)(全國卷)
(3) He said he is busy. (is 改為 was) (北京春)
(4) She stopped to look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke comingout of her neighbor's house. (find改為 found) (福建卷)
(5) I am always young when I was staying with them. (am改為 was)