看波斯蓝瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunn

在南汉二陵博物馆的《汉风唐韵——五代南汉历史与文化》展览中,有一件展品,它虽算不上C位,但凭借一身的波斯蓝,吸引无数文博爱好者“入圈”,它正是有着化蝶之美的波斯蓝瓶。

看波斯蓝瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

今天,丝路君就利用机会给大家介绍一下波斯蓝瓶是如何从考古现场走上南汉二陵博物馆展柜,并成功“出圈”!

Located in Guangzhou, the Southern Han Mausoleum Museum is the only museum featuring imperial mausoleums in South China. Within the museum, you not only can admire a collection of important relics unearthed from the imperial mausoleums( Deling and Kangling of the Southern Han Dynasty), but also gain insights into some important physical evidences of the Maritime Silk Road in ancient Guangzhou.

“出圈前”:南汉波斯蓝瓶出土背景

2008年5月至12月,广州市文物考古研究所为配合越秀区北京路西边的景豪坊商住楼工程建设对工程西区建设范围进行了考古发掘。

看波斯蓝瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

波斯蓝瓶出土状况

A Persian pottery vessel is a major draw amongst the exhibits. But you might not know that the vessel was in pieces when it was found in the first place. How was the broken object brought alive and then presented to visitors?

这次考古发掘总面积约1000平方米,清理南越国、两汉、六朝、唐五代、两宋及明清各历史时期的文化遗存,出土了丰富的文化遗物。其中就包括在唐五代手工业作坊的灰坑遗迹中发现的波斯蓝瓶,黄褐泥质胎,胎质疏松。

In the latter half of 2008, archaeologists from Guangzhou Municipal Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology (广州市文物考古研究所) were busying with an excavation on a construction site in the west of Beijing Lu, Yuexiu district. They sorted out cultural remains dating back to different historical periods, including the pottery shards from the Tang Dynasty.

“出圈”准备:复杂的修复过程少不得

看波斯蓝瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

修复前的状态

To present the relic to visitors, local restorers began the time-consuming and painstaking restoration work.

Firstly, they had to peel the clay off the surface of shards with a toothpick or scalpel and remove the topsoil with a brush. All the fragments must be matched before being spliced with binding material. Next, restorers used gypsum to make up some missing parts of the vessel, helping present a complete artifact. But the work didn’t end! Last, to fully showcase the beauty and charm of the vessel to audiences, restorers had to color the patches with an imitative color of the vessel. Then a perfect and charming relic was born!

要知道,

为了在“文物圈”内站稳脚跟子,

波斯蓝瓶可是做好了万分的准备!

01 清理

用牙签或手术刀轻轻剥离波斯蓝瓶碎片表面的泥土,用软毛刷刷去剥离下来的浮土。尽量去除干净陶器表面附着的泥土,防止使用加固剂后土块也被加固在器物表面。

如果碰到陶片因清理过程而断裂,应及时粘接上,边清边粘,提高陶片粘接效率,免得因后续清理的陶片太多而难以找到匹配的原先位置。

02 拼对

依据碎陶片的形状、颜色、纹饰和薄厚等大体分类,初步确定其所在位置,然后逐步进行拼对。该器物从特征的口沿开始拼对。

看波斯蓝瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

腹部粘接补配

03 粘接

将拼对好的陶片进行粘接。粘接前用丙酮清洗粘接界面,可用毛笔或小软毛刷轻轻刷洗,使被粘面洁净。粘接剂可选用热熔胶棒或高浓度的Parliod B-72(丙烯酸树脂)丙酮溶液或三甲树脂丙酮溶液。快干胶水502胶水,可作为辅助粘接剂,但不能作为主要粘接剂。

要注意涂胶均平,防止涂胶不匀而出现固化、黏缝不整齐和黏合面错位。最后用小刀剔去拼对合断面时挤压出的余胶。

看波斯蓝瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

颈部粘接补配

04 补配

选用石膏对器物缺损部位进行补配。

具体的补配过程为:先调制石膏,根据修复过程中石膏的用料,在干净的石膏碗装上适量的清水,然后缓慢加入石膏粉,均匀搅拌,调制成浆状。针对缺口的部位,拟用蜡片固定在缺口内侧,在缺口外侧用雕塑泥做出围界,以便控制石膏浆液的流动范围。用勺子等工具将石膏浆均匀涂抹在蜡片上,以填充到较大的裂缝和开裂断面等缺损部位。待石膏完全固化后,用手术刀、砂纸等修整磨平。

看波斯蓝瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

颈部粘接补配

补配后发现底部和肩颈之间的三个执耳无法复原,肩部饰一圈附加堆纹。器表及内壁均施孔雀蓝釉,釉层较厚。

看波斯蓝瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

补配后

05 随色

为了让文物有更好的展示效果,还需进行仿色作旧等展示性修复,保证展出文物的美学和观赏性。

看波斯蓝瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

修复过程工作照

用传统作旧的矿物颜料为作色原料和工艺,用毛笔、棉签、喷笔做为作色工具,用画、点、弹、拨等手法对补配、粘接部位进行作色处理,作色范围控制在衔接处的边缘,不超出衔接边界处2 mm。

选用矿物颜料混合酒精漆片或高登聚合物光油,调和成与器物表面相近的颜色,用喷笔喷涂,辅以画笔涂刷,使填补部位与整个器物和谐一体。

看波斯蓝瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

复原完成后的状态

With a 61 cm height, an 18 cm caliber and a 41 cm abdominal diameter, the pottery was glazed inside and outside with the peacock blue, a brightly colored glaze of western Asian. But it is a pity that the relic missed its three side handles.

复原后的尺寸为:

残高61厘米、口径18厘米、腹径41厘米。

根据研究该类波斯蓝瓶属于波斯产品,

目前国内在合浦、扬州、福州、桂林等地

也曾出土过类似文物。

06 预防性保护

修复后的波斯蓝瓶,应根据其尺寸、大小、器型,制作相对应的锦盒进行包装存放,利于运输,防止二次伤害。锦盒底部用海绵衬垫,将波斯蓝瓶放入后,根据需要在四周衬垫海绵,尽量填满器物与锦盒之间的空隙。

“出圈”后:也要保持美美的状态!

在文物库房存放或博物馆展览时,出于保护目的,应考虑器物的过往环境、气候状况及其特征反应以提供最适宜的温度和相对湿度。

出土陶制品的多孔结构中含有大量从土壤中长期吸收的可溶盐。如果暴露在特别干燥的空气中,这些盐会快速聚集到表面,导致陶器表面迸裂。建议在文物库房或展厅展柜添置恒温恒湿设备,把陶器保存相对湿度控制在20-60 %,温度15-25°C。

Archaeologists believe that the product was imported into Guangzhou from Persia, as Guangzhou was one of the starting ports of the ancient Maritime Silk Road and Sino-foreign exchanges were frequent during Tang Dynasty.

经过考古工作人员们的修复,

这件珍贵的海丝文物,

不仅完成了从碎片到展品的化蝶,

还可以持续的站在展柜中,

供大家欣赏了。

编辑:Yuan

Source: 考古大家谈

看波斯蓝瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?


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