又因為語言問題被退稿?快點開這篇乾貨

還在為自己的英語寫作水平而苦惱嗎?

還因為語言不夠專業而被退稿嗎?

還不知道怎麼提高自己的英語水平嗎?

又因為語言問題被退稿?快點開這篇乾貨

來,這裡有免費的課程

包教包會!

10月20日,Jan Willem Wijnen 給我們帶來了一場非常實用的課程,參與人數爆滿。為了讓更多的人能學到這些實用的技能,我們整理了課程視頻和文字版要點,歡迎大家免費分享和領取~

想提高英語聽力的朋友,可直接掃描下方二維碼或點擊文末閱讀原文,看視頻!

又因為語言問題被退稿?快點開這篇乾貨

*特別說明,Jan Willem Wijnen在課程中所用到的實例都是與期刊的編輯們進行過深度討論的。另外,本次課程的內容針對的是發表在期刊上的論文。

又因為語言問題被退稿?快點開這篇乾貨

在國際英文學術期刊上發表一項成功的科學研究成果是每個科研人員的必經之路,寫論文本身就是很難的,用外語就更難了,10-20%的論文因語言不佳而被拒稿。因此,掌握科研論文的英語寫作技巧,很關鍵!

01 改變你的寫作風格

簡潔!簡潔!簡潔!

使用短句

拒絕冗長的句子,化繁為簡!

長句子可能無法清楚表達,因為有太多的信息。一個句子應該只包含一個想法或要點。複雜的句子可以轉化為幾個簡單的句子,會讓人讀起來更容易理解。

舉個例子

  • 原句:

Since single photon detectors are still difficult to be miniaturized based on current technologies, the efforts on this direction are focused on how to reduce the size of the QKD sender, which emits photons with different quantum states.

  • 修改後:

Single photon detectors are still difficult to be miniaturized. Therefore current efforts are focussed on smaller QKD senders, which emit photons with different quantum states.

將一個長句拆分為兩個短句來表達,是不是變得更加簡潔明瞭了?

使用簡單的詞彙

拒絕複雜詞彙!

有些短語看起來很複雜,它們讀起來就更難懂。使用簡單的詞語會使句子更短更清楚。

常見的短語有:

又因為語言問題被退稿?快點開這篇乾貨

舉個例子

In spite of the fact thatWang reported a substantial increase, …

AlthoughWang reported a substantial increase,…

用簡單的詞彙和簡短的語句能讓你的表達更加清晰。

舉個例子

  • 原句:

As far as our observations are concerned, they show that the organism in question has the ability to resist AAPB and there can be little doubt that this is due to the fact that saturation is reduced owing to the subsequent addition of NaCl.

  • 改造

As far as our observations are concerned = We observed

has the ability = can

there can be little doubt that = probably

due to the fact = because

owing to the subsequent = after

  • 新句子:

We observed that this organism can resist AAPB, probably because of the lower saturation after addition of NaCl.

去掉多餘的單詞

有些時候,使用一些標準的單詞或短語是沒有必要的,反而會使文章的句子更加拗口難懂。

舉個例子

  • 原句:

“Much interest has centered on the question of whether doping agents are important for the nanostructure of surfaces at high temperatures. This article will first review proposals for important single doping agents arising from studies of metal oxides, then review studies employing materials containing mixed agents. Doping agents thought to influence surface structures by affecting bulk properties will be considered in a following section”. (64 words)

  • 修改後:

“Are doping agents important for the nanostructure of surfaces? Below we review proposals derived from single and mixed agents and agents affecting bulk properties.” (28 words)

化繁為簡之後,整篇文章看起來更加流暢易懂,不要考驗期刊編輯的耐心!

02 語法:文章中的時態語態

又因為語言問題被退稿?快點開這篇乾貨

(圖片來源:網絡)

之前小編給大家整理過科研論文的主要框架和每部分的寫作要點(請戳:有了這份論文撰寫寶典,輕鬆拿下高分期刊!),科研論文的每個部分都應該使用對應的時態。動詞用來描述一個研究活動,時態告訴我們它發生的時間。主動語態強調進行研究的人,被動語態強調研究本身。

Introduction

  • 已經被證實過的事實→ 一般現在時

Proteomics providesimportant information for understanding drug design.

  • 之前已經做過的研究→ 現在完成時,被動語態

Few experiments have been carried out to discover ….

Methods

  • 在這項研究中所做的工作的描述→一般過去時,被動語態

The composition of the sample was determinedusing standard procedures.

Results

  • 描述獲得的研究結果→一般過去時

After inhibition by ABC enzymes, the cell activity diminishedin both groups.

  • 參考圖表、數據圖→一般現在時

Table 7 showsthe results of the experiments

Discussion

  • 解釋結果,陳述一般事實→一般現在時

Removing the source negatively affectsthe resistance to PKS.

  • 描述過去的研究發現→一般過去時

  • 當前的研究事實→一般現在時

Acidic content did not change the sensitivity of the materials and this

presents a new explanation.

其實我們從開始學英語的時候就在學習語法,但在寫文章時還是會用錯,怎麼辦呢?多讀一些文章,著重學習語法,而不是文章內容。

03 剽竊不可取

剽竊是指不註明出處而使用他人的想法、研究結果或文字。

剽竊可能導致論文被拒或(發表後)被撤回,會對學術生涯產生嚴重的影響。無意的剽竊,甚至複製2-3句話都可以被認為是學術不道德行為。自我剽竊,也就是重複使用你自己的文章內容也是不被編輯接受的。正確註明引用出處,不要直接複製粘貼!

04 使用科學學術語言

又因為語言問題被退稿?快點開這篇乾貨

(圖片來源:網絡)

Title

讀者和編輯首先看到的是文章的標題。它應該鼓勵讀者閱讀完整的文章。同時標題也是在搜索引擎中搜索的關鍵詞。關於如何寫標題,請戳:A+B+C,幫你搞定論文題名!

一個好的標題應該:

  • 用10-20個詞描述一篇論文的內容

  • 表達研究的主要結果,具體,簡潔和完整

  • 吸引讀者

  • 包含關鍵詞

寫標題時避免使用:

  • 不必要的詞彙和行話

  • 不常見的詞語,模糊的術語

  • 縮寫,首字母縮略詞和首字母縮略詞

  • 非特定的開頭,比如 “Results of" 或者“A Study of”

舉個例子

原標題:New insights into properties of treated coated metal

這個標題太概括了,沒有強調是哪些性質,哪些金屬,如何處理?

修改後:Antibacterial and biological characteristics of tantalum oxide coated titanium pretreated by plasma electrolytic oxidation

當然,標題也不宜冗長!

舉個例子

原標題:Report on a case of specific protein poisoning in a diabetic child

修改後:Protein poisoning in a diabetic child: A case report

Abstract

關於摘要的寫作,我們之前詳細的闡述過,此處不再贅述,大家可以查看:如何寫好文章摘要?

舉個例子

  • 原摘要:

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has become one of the most powerful techniques in the fields of material science, inorganic chemistry and nanotechnology. In terms of resolutions, advanced TEM may reach a high spatial resolution of 0.05 nm, a high energy-resolution of 7 meV. In addition, in situ TEM can help researchers to image the process happened within 1 ms. This paper reviews the recent technical progresses of applying advanced TEM characterization on nanomaterials for catalysis. The text is organized based on the perspective of application: for example, size, composition, phase, strain, and morphology. The electron beam induced effect and in situ TEM are also introduced. I hope this review can help the scientists in related fields to take advantage of advanced TEM to their own researches.

  • 修改後:

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful technique in material science, inorganic chemistry and nanotechnology, due to high spatial resolution and a high energy-resolution. In situ TEM allows researchers to image processes within 1 ms. This paper reviews recent applications of advanced TEM characterization on nanomaterials for catalysis related to size, composition, phase, strain, and morphology. The electron beam induced effect and in situ TEM are also introduced.

Cover Letter

關於投稿信的寫作,我們之前詳細的闡述過,此處不再贅述,大家可以查看:如何寫一封有說服力的投稿信?

05 線上免費資源

網上有很多免費的工具和網站,有一些是專門針對學術論文寫作的資源,比如

Manchester Academic Phrasebank

網址:www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk

給大家分享幾個免費資源的網址,有時間可以好好研究學習一下:

  • https://www.merriam-webster.com/

  • https://www.synonym.com/

  • https://www.thesaurus.com/

英語寫作水平的提高不是一蹴而就的,需要時間的積累。掌握一些基本的寫作技巧可以事半功倍,避免低級錯誤。

科研本身就是一條不平凡的路,艱難卻有意義。

所以,努力吧,朋友們!

又因為語言問題被退稿?快點開這篇乾貨

KeAi

來源:科愛出版

又因為語言問題被退稿?快點開這篇乾貨


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