答疑解惑
Q&A
如何能達到涅槃的境界？
How can the realm of Nibbāna be reached?
關於涅槃的道理屬於滅諦。現在你提的如何達到涅槃的境界的問題屬於道諦。道諦以涅槃為目的，以生死根本的煩惱為消滅對象，以戒（Sīla）、定（Samādhi）、慧（Paññā）三學為方法。
The Nibbāna discussed above is the Truth of the Extinction of Suffering (Nirodha-sacca). Your question on how to reach the realm of Nibbāna falls under the category of the Truth of the Path Leading to the Extinction of Suffering (Magga-sacca). Magga-sacca takes Nibbāna as its goal, the elimination of the basic distresses of birth and death as its objective and uses as its method the Threefold Learning (Ti-sikkhā), which consists of morality or moral precepts (Sīla), concentration (Samādhi) and wisdom (Paññā).
(1) 戒，是防止身口意三業的過失，有五戒、十戒、具足戒三級。五戒（Panca Sīla）是不殺、不偷盜、不邪淫、不妄語、不飲酒類。這是出家與在家弟子共持的戒。十戒是沙彌（Sāmaṇera）持的戒（出家男子受十戒的叫做沙彌，一般是不滿二十歲的人，滿二十歲才能受具足戒為比丘）。具足戒是比丘、比丘尼持的戒。當初僧伽成立時，沒有約制團體的一定規律。其後，隨著問題的發生而隨時制戒，到佛逝世前，已制定了二百多條。南方國家所傳比丘戒二百二十七條，我國西藏二百五十三條，漢地二百五十條，大體相同，僅有某些條款分開和合並的不同，漢地比丘尼戒三百四十八條。
(1) Morality aims at preventing faults in the three kammas of body, speech and mind. There are three levels of moral precepts to follow: the five precepts, the ten precepts and the complete precepts for the higher ordained (upasampadā). The five precepts are followed by both lay believers and monastic disciples, that is, abstinence from taking life, from stealing, from illicit sexual conduct, from false speech and from intoxicants. The ten precepts are followed by novices (sāmaṇeras) who have just renounced lay life. (Novices are usually under the age of 20 and will get higher ordination to become monks or nuns at the age of 20.) The complete precepts are followed by monks and nuns (bhikkhus and bhikkhunīs). At the beginning of the establishment of the Sangha Order, there were no fixed rules set for the whole Order. Afterwards, precepts were laid whenever problems arose. By the time of the Buddha's Parinibbāna, there were more than 200 rules. The Bhikkhu precepts now number 227 in Theravadin countries, 253 in Tibet and 250 in Han-inhabited regions of China. They are mostly the same, with slight differences in grouping of certain items. There are 348 rules for bhikkhunīs in the Han regions.
來源：《佛教常識答問》趙樸初
Source: Answer to Common Questions
about Buddhism, by Zhao Puchu
翻譯：趙桐
Translated by: Zhao Tong
審譯：柯馬凱
English Editor: Michael Crook
校對：北京龍泉寺翻譯中心
Proofread by: Beijing Longquan Monastery Translation Center
