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Near Cambodia's Temple Ruins, a Devotion to Learning
Millions of tourists come here every year to visit the ancient ruins of Angkor Wat, an influx that has helped transform what once resembled a small, laid-back village into a thriving and cosmopolitan town with thumping nightlife and more than 10,000 hotel rooms.
But the explosion of the tourism industry here has also done something less predictable. Siem Reap, which had no universities a decade ago, is now Cambodia’s second-largest hub for higher education, after the capital, Phnom Penh.
The sons and daughters of impoverished rice farmers flock here to work as tour guides, receptionists, bartenders and waitresses. When their shifts are over, they study finance, English and accounting.
The establishment of five private universities here is helping to transform the work force in this part of Cambodia. Employers say that English proficiency is rising and that workers who attend universities stand out for their ability to express themselves and make decisions. A generation of students who would otherwise have had little hope to study beyond high school are enduring grueling schedules to get a degree and pursue their dreams.
Khim Borin, a 26-year-old tour guide by day and law student by night, says he wants to become a lawyer. But he sometimes has trouble staying awake in class during the high tourist season, when he spends hours scaling vertiginous temple steps and baking in the tropical sun.
But the symbiosis of work and study here came together without any master plan.
It was driven largely by supply and demand: universities opened to cater to the dreams of Cambodia’s youth — and offered flexible hours in sync with the rhythms of the tourist industry.
After graduation, students who work and study at the same time often have an edge over fresh graduates who have never worked before, for whom starting a career can be difficult, Ms. Chan and others say. University students are “more communicative,” she said. “If they don’t like something, they speak out.”
Ms. Chan and others say they are lucky that Angkor’s temples have proved so popular with tourists. If it were not for the sandstone structures nestled in the jungles, Siem Reap would probably have remained a backwater. Last year, 3.3 million tourists visited Siem Reap, half of them foreigners, according to the Cambodian Ministry of Tourism.
India's Education Dream Risks Remaining Just That
At one of the better colleges in India’s capital, there is just one large room for 140 faculty members to sit and have a cup of tea or grade papers. “If even half show up, there aren’t enough chairs,” said Ghazala Amin, a history professor there. “There is no other place to work. In this situation, how do you expect teachers to work?”
The lack of amenities for faculty members is not the only issue. After 30 years at Jesus and Mary College, which is one of dozens administered by the University of Delhi, Ms. Amin makes the equivalent of $22,000 a year — less than half of what some of her better students will make in their first jobs. New opportunities offer not just more money for graduates but also mobility and flexibility, which are virtually unheard of for faculty at most of India’s colleges and universities.
All this means that India is facing a severe shortage of faculty members. But it is not just low pay and lack of facilities that are being blamed.According to a government report published last year, a massive expansion in higher education combined with a poor supply of Ph.D.’s, delays in recruitment and the lack of incentives to attract and nurture talent has led to a situation in which 40 percent of existing faculty positions remain vacant. The report’s authors, mostly academics, found that if the shortfall is calculated using the class size recommended by the government, this figure jumps to 54 percent.
Experts say this is the clearest sign that India will fail to meet the goal set by the education minister, who has pledged to more than double the size of the country’s higher education system by 2020. They say that while the ambition is laudable, the absence of a long-term strategy to develop faculty will ensure that India’s education dream remains just that.
Mr. Balakrishnan of India Institute of Technology in Delhi, meanwhile, was more optimistic. He felt India could enroll as much as 25 percent of eligible students in colleges and universities — about twice the current figure — by 2020.“Tangible changes are happening,” he said. “The debate that has happened in the last few years has taken people out of their comfort zones. There is more consensus across the board that we need to scale quality education.”
2000多年前，亞歐大陸上勤勞勇敢的人民，探索出多條連接亞歐非幾大文明的貿易和人文交流通路，後人將其統稱為“絲綢之路”。千百年來，“和平合作、開放包容、互利共贏”的絲綢之路精神薪火相傳，極大地促進了沿線各國繁榮發展。
進入21世紀，面對復甦乏力的全球經濟形勢，紛繁複雜的國際和地區局面，傳承和弘揚絲綢之路精神更顯重要。“一帶一路”建設是一項系統工程，要堅持共商、共建、共享原則，積極推進沿線國家發展戰略的相互對接。“一帶一路”致力於亞歐非大陸及附近海洋的互聯互通，建立和加強沿線各國互聯互通夥伴關係，構建全方位、多層次互聯互通網絡，實現沿線各國多元、自主、平衡、可持續的發展。“一帶一路”的互聯互通項目將發掘區域內市場的潛力，促進投資和消費，創造需求和就業，增進沿線各國人民的人文交流。
2016年，中國的一個三口之家的碳排放量平均為2.7噸。目前，這個數字已升至3.5噸。而在北京、上海、廣州等大城市，每個家庭的平均碳排放量已接近10噸。碳匯(Carbon Sink)主要是指森林吸收並儲存二氧化碳的能力。森林是陸地生態系統中最大的碳匯庫。在降低大氣中溫室氣體濃度、減緩全球氣候變暖中具有十分重要的獨特作用。
據統計數字，每人每年只需要種3棵樹，就可以吸收個人當年排放的二氧化碳。目前中國正在開展公眾可參加的碳匯林項目，如將建四川大熊貓棲息地的熊貓碳匯林項目等。作為碳排放大戶的一些企業也已行動起來，先後在全國十多個省區建碳匯林60多萬公頃。中國將推廣購買碳匯、種植碳匯林等行動，加快植樹造林步伐，增加森林碳匯功能。
Improvedhuman well-beingis one of thegreatest triumphsof the modern era.The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis:two billionpeople are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especiallysusceptible tounhealthy weight gain.However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis.Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are acceleratingelsewhere.The combined findings of the World Health Organisation and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overweight children. One quarter were in Africa. Residents of developing nation cities are increasingly susceptible to obesity. According to India’s National Institute of Nutrition,overa quarter of urban-dwelling men and nearly half of women are overweight.
The majority of the world’s future urbanisation is projected to occur in developing countries, particularly in Asia and Africa.This crisis will test the political resolve of governmentsthat have historically focused on ending hunger.These governments must understand that the factors making cities convenient and productive also make their residents prone to obesity. Urbanites enjoy a variety of food. Additionally, international fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries.The health risks of such dietsare compounded bythe sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers.People’s leisure time is also beingoccupied by television, movies, and video games in the growing number of households
.The alarming implication of these trendsis that developing countries may become sick before they get rich.That sickness may, in turn, cripple health systems.The yearly health care costs in Southeast Asia of obesity-related complications like diabetes and cardiovascular disease are already as high as US $10 billion. Such diseases are an added burden on countries already struggling to manage primary health care needs.Policies related to taxation, urban design, education and awareness and the promotion of localised food systems may help control obesity at a lower cost than eventual medical treatment for an ageing and increasingly overweight population.Some governments have already experimented with direct interventions to control obesity, such as taxation on unhealthy foods and drinks.The USpioneeredthe soda tax movement.Thailand, Brunei, and Singapore have adopted similar measures. South Africa is likely to introduce a sugar tax beginning in April 2018.The city of Berkeley in California recognizes that taxes alone are not enough to address obesity.Proceedsfrom the city’s sugar tax are used to support child nutrition and community health programmes.This underscores the importance of education and awareness.There is also promise in initiatives. Urban design holds significant power to reshape lifestyle patterns and public health. Improving the attractiveness of public space can draw residents out of their cars and living rooms.A recentstudyof urban neighbourhoods in Shanghai and Hangzhou found that middle-income residents living in less walkable neighbourhoods had significantly higher Body Mass Indices than both richer and poorer residents who lived in walkable neighbourhoods in urban China.Finally, healthier lifestyles begin in grocery store aisles. Governments should encourage tighter connections between agricultural production systems, urban grocers and food vendors.Suchinitiativescan also help urban residents better understand the mechanics of food sourcing.This raises awareness about the relationship between natural foods and healthy lifestyles. Combining controls on unhealthy foods with policies that incentivise healthy eating and active lifestyles constitute a promising response to rising obesity rates. Improving public health is an important policy developing countries should take from both an economic and social point of view. To quote the recent Global Nutrition Report, reducing obesity will boost global development.
煤炭是地球上儲量最為豐富的能源，但反對使用煤炭的聲浪日益高漲。
煤炭巨大的碳排放量引起氣候變化，從而引起公眾的擔憂。煤炭與其他能源相比，競爭力已經有所下降了。以美國為例，頁岩氣的出現造成部分出煤量因價格過高而被擠出市場。美國去年煤炭需求接近9.2億噸。由於天然氣價格下跌，今年美國煤炭需求將減少6000萬到8000萬噸。數據顯示，煤炭滿足了全球大約30%的能源需求，提供40%以上的電力。在人口第一和第二大國中國和印度，煤炭所滿足的能源需求比例甚至達到70%左右。中國的煤炭消費量在去年已經下滑，煤炭進口下降了11%，這是十年來的首次下降。中國經濟增速已經放緩，同時也做出極大努力削減煤炭使用以減少煤炭汙染。由於燃煤發電廠沒有滿負荷運行，再加上煤炭供應充足，造成國際煤炭價格壓低。煤出口價格從去年的峰值下跌了約60%。
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