中華民族是一個歷史悠久、民族眾多的國家，在幾千年的歷史文明進程中，智慧的人們在創新中改善著棲息居住環境，頗具特色的民居建築也在中華大地上熠熠生輝。
China has a long history and quite many nationalities. In the thousands of years’ civilization history, wise people have creatively improved the dwelling environment, and therefore folk houses of distinctive features are impressive in China.
客家圍龍屋與北京的四合院、陝西的窯洞、廣西的“杆欄式”、雲南的“一顆印”形成了中國五大特色民居建築。
The walled house of the Hakkas, quadrangle courtyard of Beijing, the cave dwelling of Shaanxi, the house on stilts of Guangxi and the “one-seal” folk house of Yunnan are five feature folk house types in China.
“一顆印”式民居是由漢、彝先民共同創造，是最早在昆明地區流行起來的“特色品牌”建築模式。
“One-Seal” folk house was created by Han and Yi ancestors together, and it was the earliest “feature brand” architectural type popular in Kunming.
三間兩耳倒八尺冬暖夏涼的“一顆印”
“One-Seal” Folk House with Three Principal Rooms,
Two Wing Rooms, and 8-Foot Porch is Warm in Winter and Cool in Summer
“一顆印”式民居的基本規則為“三間兩耳倒八尺”。平面近乎正方形，正房三間兩層，兩廂為耳房，組成四合院；中間一小天井，門廊又稱倒座，進深為八尺，整體方形如印章，故稱“一顆印”。
The basic rule of the “One-Seal” folk house is “three principal rooms, two wing rooms and 8-foot porch”. The plane is nearly square, the principal rooms are two-storey, and the wing rooms are at both ends, all of which comprise a quadrangle dwelling; a small courtyard is in the middle, and the porch has the 8-foot depth. The whole square building resembles a seal, so it is called “one-seal” folk house.
雲南滇中高原地區，四季如春、無嚴寒、但多風、多雨。高牆型小窗是為了擋風沙和防火；小天井設計，促成陰涼，便於採光，且擋住太陽強光直射；而正房與廂房屋頂不一樣高，錯開設計，有助於雨水的排出。
The plateau area in Central Yunnan has the climate like spring throughout the year, and it has no cold winter but pretty much wind and rain. The high and small windows are to keep out wind, sand and fire; the small courtyard is to form shade, facilitate lighting and block strong sunshine exposure; the principal rooms have different heights from that of wing rooms, and this design facilitates drainage of rainwater.
“一顆印”式的昆明古民居建築，歷經千百年的發展，傳承和延續了先人的建築思想和建造技藝。跑馬轉角樓是其特色，“天圓地方,四平八穩”的傳統觀念已深入建築的骨髓。
After hundreds of years’ development, the “One-Seal” ancient folk house in Kunming has carried forward and extended our ancestors’ architectural concepts and skills. The corner building is the feature, and the “round heaven and square earth and stable features” traditional concepts have taken deep roots in buildings.
“一顆印”可單幢，也可聯幢；可豪華，也能簡樸，是千百年來是滇池地區最普遍、最溫馨的平民住宅。
The “one-seal” folk house may be alone or connected; they may be luxurious or simple. They are the most prevalent and comfortable residential buildings for civilians in the Dianchi Basin for thousands of years.
雲南大地上的“玉璽” 其樂融融一家親
Harmonious Family in “One-Seal” Folk Houses in Yunnan
在雲南大地上，截留藍色碧空下方方正正的一片天空，蓋下一顆印章形成了“一顆印”，在這樣的宅子裡，老昆明人開始了世輩的生活。
Kunming people in the past lived in the “one-seal” house for generations in Yunnan.
一戶人家幾代人住在一起，三代同堂或者四代同堂，其樂融融。老昆明還流傳著這樣的順口溜：一家炸魚全院香，一家有事全院忙；一家吵架全院勸，一家被偷全院亂。
Generations of people in one household live together. They may be three or four generations living happily together. A tongue twister says in the past in Kunming that the fried fish of one family is smelt by all people in the folk house, one family in trouble is helped by all, the quarrel of one family is advised by all, and if one family is stolen, the whole house is in a chaos.
“一顆印”裡，有血脈相連的大家庭扯不斷的根，也有遠親不如近鄰的親切和熱鬧。
In the “one-seal” folk house, extended families share the same root, and a good brother is better than a brother far away.
“一顆印”的房屋都具有濃濃鄉土氣息，反映了當地居民的文化習俗，是昆明多民族文化與傳統習俗相互碰撞的產物。
The “one-seal” folk house has intense local atmosphere, and it reflects culture and customs of local residents, because it is the product of the collision between multi-ethnic culture and traditional customs in Kunming.
“一顆印”是昆明人生生不息的住所，是他們的歸依，是他們生命中不可缺少的一部分。
The “one-seal” folk house is the dwelling place, the spiritual attachment and indispensible part in the life of Kunming people.
且賞且觀 即將消失的“一顆印”
Appreciate the Rare “One-Seal” House
在舊時，昆明的城鄉間，無論漢族還是其他少數民族的百姓都喜愛建蓋經濟、實惠的“一顆印”式民居。然而，歲月無痕,流年滄桑，密集的古建築群已經消失了。
In the past, no matter in urban or rural areas in Kunming, economical and practical “one-seal” folk houses were very popular among civilians of Han Nationality and ethnic groups. However, as time flies, the crowded ancient building complex has gone.
昆明市中心的老房子已經有一百五十年的歷史，一磚一瓦，幾乎沒有重修過。這家典型的一顆印建築，目前在商家的改造下，變成了一間具有老昆明獨特氣質的老房子酒家，除了古韻味，每日還有香味縈繞鼻尖，音樂盤旋空中。
The old house in downtown of Kunming has a history of 150 years, and it is what it was without restoration. It is a typical one-seal building. Now the merchant has renovated it into an old house restaurant with its unique features. In addition to its lasting charm, the house has aroma of food and melodious music.
建造於1923年的馬家大院，為“四合五天井”、“走馬轉角樓”的磚木建築。建築集木雕、石刻等工藝為一體，雕樑畫棟，工藝精湛。
Ma’s Courtyard built in 1923 is the brick-wood building featured in “four principal houses and five courtyards” and “corner building”. The building includes wood carving, stone carving, etc. with exquisite workmanship.
目前昆明“一顆印”建築還有南北光華街、景星街，東西錢王街、甬道街區等，以及一些偏僻的農村中還依稀可見。但大多都已非民居。
Now “one-seal” buildings are in South and North Guanghua Street, Jingxing Street, East and West Qianwang Street, Yongdao Street, etc. and some are in remote rural areas. However, most of them are not folk houses.
位於昆明市廣福路的雲南省博物館以“一顆印”為雛形設計的新展館，榮獲中國建築工程魯班獎。
Yunnan Province Museum is located in Guangfu Road, Kunming City. The new exhibition hall with “one-seal “as the design prototype wins the Luban Prize for Construction Project of China.
於昆明，四季花開之城，
尋“一顆印”亙古不變的永恆魅力。
Look for the eternal charm of “one-seal” houses in Kunming,
the city having flourishing flowers throughout the year.
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