正文翻譯
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Is Korea culturally and linguistically closer to China or Japan?
韓國在文化和語言上更接近中國還是日本？
評論翻譯
原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：發電機 轉載請註明出處
Shane Ryoo, Grandparents born in what's now North Korea.
Shane Ryoo, 祖父母在在北朝鮮出生
Answered Apr 21, 2016
It depends on the specific comparison point.
對於不同的比較點，具體問題需要具體對待。
Keep in mind that due to Japanese occupation of Korea in the 20th century, a lot of Japanese influences, some of which might be positive, have been purposely discarded in the Koreas. Also, Japan was highly isolated for approximately 200 years (1640-1853), which limited the amount of outside influence during that period.
請記住，由於在20世紀日本佔領過韓國，韓國受到了日本許多影響，其中一些可能是積極的，這些影響被有意丟棄在了韓國。此外，日本被高度孤立了大約200年（1640-1853年），這段期間，限制了日本對外部的影響。
However, the basic structure of Korean sentences is subject-object-verb, which Japanese (and many other languages) share. I'm not sure if that's inherited or simply a natural language pattern, although some linguists have made claims that Korean is far more close to Finnish (yes, from Finland) in the details than Japanese, so I would lean towards the latter.
然而，韓語句子的基本結構是主語-賓語-動詞，日語（以及許多其他語言）都有這種結構。我不確定這是繼承於日語，還是簡單的自然語言模式，儘管一些語言學家聲稱韓語在細節上比日語更接近芬蘭語（是的，來自芬蘭），所以我傾向於後者。
Korean traditional dress (hanbok) shares similar origins as Chinese dress and was influenced by styles and materials multiple times in history. Chinese like to point out the similarity of modern hanbok to Tang Dynasty dress, but I haven't found solid evidence that it was a direct derivation.
韓國傳統服飾（韓服）與中國服飾有著相似的淵源，在歷史上多次受到漢服款式和麵料的影響。中國人喜歡指出現代韓服與唐代服飾的相似之處，但我沒有找到確鑿的證據證明這是一種直接的衍生。
Food travels and mutates very rapidly, so it depends, plus there's no single "Chinese cuisine." Many Japanese like kimchi and grilled meats these days. On the other side, there is a class of Chinese-Korean food brought from northern Korea by refugees, and that's what I ate growing up. I can find those dishes more easily in Chinese restaurants than even Korean sometimes.
食物的傳播和菜式的變異非常迅速，這要視情況而定，而且並沒有單一的“中國菜”。現在很多日本人喜歡泡菜和烤肉。另一方面，難民從朝鮮北部帶來了一類韓式中餐，那是我從小吃的東西。我有時在中國餐館比韓式餐館更容易找到那些菜。
So, my point is that Korean traditional culture was tremendously affected by China, but, still many cultural heritages from Japan have existed in Korean society. Many new vocabularies from western countries such as democracy (民主主意), society(社會), and state(國家) are translated by Japanese and although these words are written in Chinese letters, it’s Japanese cultural heritage in that they accepted the new concepts from the western world and found the proper Chinese letters to express the words. Korea was a lot affected by Japanese in that sense. Many of the modern manners, cultural practices, social system and education system in Korea derived from Japan.
因此，我的觀點是，韓國傳統文化受到中國的巨大影響，但是，在韓國社會仍然存在著許多來自日本的文化遺產。許多西方國家的新詞，如民主、社會、國家等，都是用日語翻譯來的，雖然這些詞都是用中文寫的，但它們接受了西方世界的新概念，找到了合適的中文字母來表達這些新概念，這是日本的文化遺產。在這個意義上，韓國受到了日本的影響。韓國的許多現代禮儀、文化習俗、社會制度和教育制度都源於日本。
Another point is that actually we are living in the world where the culture is connected to the traditional norm, but also disconnected from it. Nobody is talking about the modern Chinese society. What can you come up with if you should think of Chinese traditional costume? Is that Chi-pao? That’s actually Manchrians’. Traditional Chinese costume that affected Japanese and Korean costume was Hanfu, but even a lot of Chinese don’t know how Hanfu looked like and has changed much. A lot of confucianistic practices disappeared during the communist regime and the cultural revolution in China. So I’m really not so sure if it’s correct if the Korean culture is very similar to Chinese one because of confucianistic practices these days. Maybe in some parts. Personally, I felt more common in Taiwanese and Japanese.
另一個觀點是，實際上我們生活在一個文化與傳統規範相聯繫，但又與之脫節的世界中。沒有人在談論現代中國社會。你覺得中國傳統服裝怎麼樣？那是旗袍嗎？實際上這是滿人的服飾。影響日本和韓國服裝的中國傳統服裝是漢服，但即使是很多中國人也不知道漢服是什麼樣子，而且漢服已經發生了很大的變化。。略。。所以，從最近的儒家實踐來看，我真的不太確定韓國文化與中國文化相似，這個命題到底正不正確。也許在某些地方是對的。就我個人而言，我覺得韓國與臺灣日本有更多的共同點。
Charles Bender
Answered Dec 6, 2017
Historical Linguistic is know for being a tool of Westerns to justify all kinds of racist ideologies, for example, they have already tried to create a connection between Finns are Mongols, at a time when Finland was poor and consequently Finns suffered racism, or even to say that literally all civilizations were founded by "Nordic Aryans from Hyperborea" (using one word or half of it as “proof”).
歷史語言學，被認為是西方用來佐證各種種族主義意識形態的工具，例如，他們已經試圖在建立芬蘭人與蒙古人的聯繫，當時芬蘭很窮，因此芬蘭人遭受種族主義，甚至有炒作說所有文明都是由“北歐雅利安人”建立的（僅用一詞半字作為所謂的“證據”）。
Pseudoscientific language comparison - Wikipedia
Korea was once classified as a totally independent language, and as closer to China (at the time of Empire of Japan). But since today Japan is a North American colony, it is interesting to Westerners that Korea be annexed by Japan so that both can be used as puppets against China.
韓國曾經被視為一種完全獨立的語言，並且更接近中國（在日本帝國時期）。但由於今天日本是一個美國殖民地，讓西方國家很感興趣的是，韓國可以被日本吞併，這樣兩者都可以作為對抗中國的傀儡。
As for the culture, both. Close to Japanese in some cases, but some cases close to Chinese. I think Confucious influence is behind this. Some cases not like both.
至於文化，兩者都是。在某些情況下接近日本，但有些情況接近中國。我認為這背後是受到儒家的影響。有些情況跟兩者都不同。
Sarel Duvenage, Chemical engineer & wannabe linguist
Answered Jan 5, 2017
Linguistically, it has been argued that Korean is more closely related to Japanese (part of the controversial Altaic family). The paper at the link below implies that Korean and Japanese is actually closer related to Icelandic than to Chinese and that they split off from languages at the other end of Eurasia about 55 thousand years back. So, on that argument, linguistically closer to Japan. I think that subsequent contact and interchange would have blurred away genetic relationships, although some of the real answers jibes with Korean and Japanese being more closely related.
從語言上講，有人認為韓國人與日本人（阿爾泰家族的一部分，但又有爭議）關係更為密切。以下鏈接中的文章表明瞭，相對於漢語，韓語和日語實際上與冰島語的關係更為密切。在大約55000年前，它們與歐亞大陸另一端的語言分離開來。所以，基於這個論點，韓國在語言上更接近日本。儘管隨後歷史上的接觸和交流會讓基因關係變得模糊，然而我認為，真正的答案可能是韓國和日本的關係更為密切。
Youji Hajime, lived in Japan
Youji Hajime,住在日本
Answered Jul 25, 2016
One could argue that korean and Japanese are two separate Tungus barbarians which adopted Chinese civilisation.
有人可能會說，韓國和日本是兩個各自獨立的通古斯野蠻人，他們都接受了中國文明。
That is why japanese and korean grammatical structure are near identical while both have large loan words from Chinese. Japanese differ greatly in pronounciation system from korean Manchurian and Mongol because Japanese is a bit of hybrid of indiginous Ainu.
這就是為什麼日語和韓語的語法結構幾乎相同，但都有大量漢語借用詞的原因。日語在發音系統上與朝鮮、滿蒙語有很大的不同，因為日語是一種阿伊努語的混合體。
Linguistically, Korean and Japanese are much closer and Chinese belong to a completely separate group. There is a speculation that japanese, korean, Manchurian, Mongol, etc belong to much larger Ural-Altaic linguistic group which include Turkish and possibly Finish and even Hungarian.
從語言上講，韓國人和日本人的關係更為密切，而中國人則是一個完全獨立的群體。有人猜測，日本、韓國、滿洲、蒙古等屬於更大的烏拉爾阿爾泰語系，包括土耳其語，甚至匈牙利語。
Kei Kim, Sinior Specialist at LG (2010-present)
Kei Kim, LG的老員工
Answered Apr 30, 2018
China had more influence to Korea historically.
the Traditional Korean Holidays are similar to Chinese~
There are Korean speaking Chinese in Manchuria ~ also there are many Korean speaking chinese in Korea too.
歷史上，中國對韓國的影響更大。
傳統的韓國節日和中國的相似~
滿洲有說韓語的中國人~還有很多說漢語的韓國人。
Japan is the last country (apart from North) who invaded Korea in WW2 times.. so Koreans do still have feelings to Japan..
日本在第二次世界大戰中從北方入侵了韓國，是最後一個入侵韓國的國家。所以至今韓國人仍然對日本存在感情問題。
Some Korean people says the Beakjae one of the ancient kingdom in Korea has fled to Japan, so they become Japan now... but this theory cannot be proved. it's simply too long time ago.
一些韓國人說，古代朝鮮中的一個古老王國，百濟逃到了日本，所以他們現在變成了日本…但是這個理論還不能被證明，因為這個已經年代太久了。
Recent Era, the relationship based on deplomacy, makes trade on going~
answer to your Q is China anyways.. different but related~ closer? far away but closer than Japan.
最近的這一個悲觀時代，貿易仍在繼續進行。~
你的問題的答案是中國。兩者不太一樣，但是比日本更為接近。
Joseph K. Kim
Answered Apr 21, 2016
Japan.
日本。
Alec Fougue Aoyama, studied at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Answered Apr 28, 2018
Historically speaking, Korea, IMHO, is more close to China culturally (dressing, olden times’ hairstyles, and facially), and linguistically (you probably gleaned a “60% of Korean language came from Chinese” from the previous replies). In addition, there are quite a few of present - day Koreans, who are Chinese descendants. It is quite easy to distinguish them. Generally speaking, Korean names consist of 3 parts: last name (one syllable) and first name (two syllables); whereas Koreans of Chinese descent have names consisting of two parts/syllables: last name (one syllable) and first name (one syllable).
從歷史上講，恕我直言，韓國更接近中國文化（著裝，舊時代的髮型，面部），語言（你可能從之前的回覆中可以看到60%的韓語來自中國）。此外，現在的韓國人中有不少人是中國人的後代。很容易區分它們。一般來說，韓國人的名字由三個音節組成：姓（一個音節）和名（兩個音節）；而中國後裔的韓國人的名字由兩部分/音節組成：姓（一個音節）和名（一個音節）。
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