Jennifer: What beautiful pictures! Were they cut by you?
Vicki: No, they were cut by my grandma. She is good at paper cutting.
Jennifer: Cool! Do you know the history of paper cutting?
Vicki: Well, it has been around for over 1,500 years in China.
Jennifer: Where are the pictures usually put on?
Vicki: They are usually put on windows, doors and walls.
Jennifer: When are they usually put on?
Vicki: On some important festivals like the Spring Festival.
Jennifer: I think it should be passed down from generation to generation.
Vicki: I agree with you.
老師:Molly,根據剛才的對話,你能猜出本節課我們要複習的知識點嗎?
Molly:我注意到剛才的對話用到了很多含有被動語態的句子(對話裡紅體的句子),我想今天應該是複習被動語態的用法吧!
老師:沒錯,Molly。這節課我們從四個方面來回顧一下它的用法。(被動語態複習)
Molly:好的,老師。
老師:
意義
我們知道,當強調動作承受者或不必說出(不清楚)執行者時,常使用被動語態。漢語常用“被”“給”“由”等詞表示被動,而英語則使用(結構:)
“be + 過去分詞(及物動詞)”的結構。
我們可以通過幾個句子來總結出它在常見時態中的具體構成形式
“及物動詞+賓語”結構的被動語態在常見時態中的運用
They are usually put on windows, doors and walls.
它們通常被貼在窗戶,門和牆上。
Were they cut by you?
它們是你剪的嗎?
The new film will be shown next Thursday.
這部新電影將在下週四上映。
I think it should be passed down from generation to generation.
我認為它應該被代代相傳。
一般現在時:is/are + 過去分詞(及物動詞)
一般過去時:was/were + 過去分詞(及物動詞)
一般將來時:will/shall/be going to + be + 過去分詞(及物動詞)
情態動詞:情態動詞+ be + 過去分詞(及物動詞)
Molly:知道了,老師。
老師:但“雙賓”和“賓補”結構的被動語態變化卻稍複雜一些。
“雙賓”及“賓補”結構的被動語態變化
“及物動詞+雙賓語”結構變被動句時,一般變間接賓語(人)為主語;
“及物動詞+賓語+賓補”結構變被動句時,一般變主動句中的賓語為主語,賓補保留在謂語動詞之後。
如:
及物動詞+雙賓語:
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 我生日時叔叔送了我一份禮物。
→I was given a present (by my uncle) on my birthday.
若想把直接賓語(物)改為主語,則需在間接賓語(人)前加上介詞to或for。
→A present was given to me (by my uncle) on my birthday.
及物動詞+賓語+賓補:
She told us to follow her instructions. 她讓我們聽從她的指示。
→We were told to follow her instructions.
Molly:知道啦,老師。
老師:Good. 最後,關於被動語態, 老師還有幾點叮囑:
不使用被動語態的情況
(1)系動詞和不及物動詞(短語)無被動語態。
如:
The food tastes delicious. 這食物很好吃。
This should not happen. 這不應該發生。
The book belongs to Jim. 這本書屬於吉姆所有。
(2)有些既是及物也是不及物的動詞,如:write, clean, sell, wash, cook等,當它們與well,badly等副詞連用時,表示主語內在品質或性能,用主動形式表被動。
如:
The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。
The new product sells well. 這款新產品很暢銷。
(3)有些動詞/形容詞,如:want, need, require,worth等,常用動名詞的主動形式表達被動含義。
如:
The radio needs repairing.
這臺收音機需要修理了。
The book is worth reading again.
這本書值得再讀一遍。
Molly,你都聽懂了嗎?
Molly:聽懂啦!
老師:Good! He laughs best who laughs last. 誰笑到最後誰笑得最美。同學們在學習上取得進步時,仍要保持謙虛的態度哦~
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