高考英語詞彙必備:新冠病毒肺炎及相關詞彙和術語及片段閱讀

抗擊疫情是當前最重要的工作,每個人做好自己的工作就是對抗擊疫情的最大支持,而作為高考學生,關心時事,堅持學習,準備考試就是對抗擊疫情的最大貢獻。從高考英語準備的來看,學習掌握時事熱點中的常用和高頻詞彙和術語是高考學生重要的學習內容,下面為考生們整理了與新冠病毒(NCP)暨COVID-19相關的詞彙和術語,外加一段片段閱讀供參考。

高考英語詞彙必備:新冠病毒肺炎及相關詞彙和術語及片段閱讀

一、詞彙

acute:a(疾病)急性的

corona:n. 冠狀

coronavirus:n. 冠狀病毒

contagious:a. (疾病)接觸傳染的

contain:v. 控制,抑制

contract:v. 感染(疾病)

contraction:n. 感染

diagnosis:n. 診斷

diagnose:v. 診斷

discharge:v. 使…出院

disinfection:n. 消毒

epicenter:n. (疫情)中心

epidemic:n. 疫情

host:n. 宿主

incubation:n. 潛伏期

infect :v. 感染,傳染

infected: a. 被感染的,被傳染的

infection:n. 感染,傳染

infectious:a. 感染的,傳染的

immune:a. 免疫的

immunity:n. 免疫力

isolation:n. 隔離

medication:n. 藥物

outbreak:n(疾病)爆發

pandemic: n.(疾病)大流行

pneumonia:n. 肺炎

reagent:n. 試劑

recuperate:v. 康復

respiratory:n. 呼吸的

screen:v. 篩查

syndrome:n. 綜合徵

symptom:n. 症狀

symptomatic:a. 有症狀的

transmit:v. 傳播

transmission:n. 傳播

vaccine:n. 疫苗

vaccinate:v. 給…接種疫苗

virus:n. 病毒

高考英語詞彙必備:新冠病毒肺炎及相關詞彙和術語及片段閱讀


二、術語

antiviral medication:抗病毒藥物

battle/combat/fight the epidemic:戰/抗擊疫情

clinically diagnosed case:臨床確診病例

community spread:社區傳播

confirmed cases:確診病例

confirmed infected patients:確診感染患者

contract the virus:感染病毒

coronavirus epidemic:冠狀病毒疫情

coronavirus outbreak:冠狀病毒爆發

coronavirus patient:冠狀病毒患者

coronavirus screening:冠狀病毒篩查

coronavirus test kits:冠狀病毒檢測試劑盒

critical condition:危重狀況

cross-infection:交叉感染

curb/contain the epidemic:控制疫情

deadly virus:致命病毒

death toll:死亡率

designated hospitals:定點醫院

droplet transmission:飛沫傳播

discharged/released from hospitals:出院

emergency treatment:緊急治療

epidemic prevention and control:疫情防控

face mask:口罩,面罩

field hospital:野戰醫院

general fever patients:普通發燒患者

ground zero:(疫情)起源地

human-to-human transmission:人傳人

incubation period:潛伏期

nasal/oral swabs:鼻腔或口腔拭子

novel coronavirus:新型冠狀病毒

novel coronavirus pneumonia:新冠肺炎

mobile cabin hospital:方艙醫院

mother-to-child transmission:母嬰傳播

medical observation:醫學觀察

medical supplies:醫療供應品

MERS:中東呼吸綜合徵(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)

mode of transmission:傳播方式

mortality rate:死亡率

N95 respirator:N95(防毒)口罩/面罩

potential cases:潛在病例

protective goggles and masks:防護眼睛和麵罩

protective medical suits:醫用防護服

recovery rate:康復率

reported cases:報告病例

respiratory symptoms:呼吸症狀

SARS:嚴重急性呼吸綜合徵(Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

self-monitor:自我觀察

self-quarantine:自我隔離

surgical mask:醫用口罩

suspect cases:疑似病例

suspected infected patients:疑似感染患者

test confirmed cases:檢測確診病例

tested negative:檢測陰性

tested positive:檢測陽性

virus spreading:病毒傳播

under quarantine:處於隔離中

高考英語詞彙必備:新冠病毒肺炎及相關詞彙和術語及片段閱讀

三、片段閱讀

A coronavirus outbreak could be devastating for poorer countries

When the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak a public health emergency of international concern, it did so over fears that smaller or less-developed countries would struggle to contain the virus.

"Our greatest concern is the potential for the virus to spread to countries with weaker health systems and which are ill-prepared to deal with it," said WHO director general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on January 30.

Why this matters:

If self-sustaining outbreaks start occurring in nations with poor healthcare systems, the impact could be devastating.

China is much wealthier than many low-income nations, and has implemented unprecedented measures -- like sealing off cities and building new field hospitals in just over week.

But still, China is struggling to keep the virus under control -- meaning weaker, lower-income countries would have an even harder time dealing with an outbreak, experts say.

Why poorer countries could struggle to cope:

Strained healthcare systems:

In the past, natural disasters have strained emergency response and health systems in developing countries like the Philippines. Powerful typhoons, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and dengue epidemics affected hundreds of thousands in 2019.

Rapid industrialization:

These countries are quickly urbanizing -- but population booms and mass migration to overcrowded cities with underdeveloped infrastructure could hasten the virus spread.

Poverty and disease:

Some developing countries are already grappling with poverty and infectious diseases like tuberculosis -- meaning they are even less equipped to deal with a new outbreak.


生詞:

devastating:破壞性極大的,毀滅性的

implement:實行,實施

unprecedented:前所未有的,史無前例的

strain:使…不堪承受;

eruption:噴發

dengue:登革熱

boom:迅速增加

infrastructure:基礎設施

grapple:搏鬥,力爭

tuberculosis:結核病


冠狀病毒如果在比較貧窮的國家爆發很可能是毀滅性的

世界衛生組織宣佈將冠狀病毒疫情列為國際關注的突發公共衛生事件是因為世衛組織擔心規模較小或欠發達國家將會難以控制這種病毒。

“我們最擔心的是,這種病毒有傳播到衛生系統較弱、準備不足的國家的潛在可能性。”世衛組織總幹事特德羅斯·阿德哈諾姆·格佈雷耶蘇斯1月30日說。

為什麼這麼做很重要:

如果具有自我運行特性的疫情開始在醫療系統較差的國家發生,其影響可能是毀滅性的。

中國比許多低收入國家富裕得多,並且採取了前所未有的措施——比如封鎖城市和在僅僅一週多的時間新建多所野戰醫院。

但中國仍在極力控制病毒,這意味著國力較弱的低收入國家如果面臨疫情將更難予以應對,專家說。

為什麼較貧窮國家難以應對疫情:

醫療保健系統緊張:

過去,自然災害使菲律賓等發展中國家的應急和衛生系統趨於緊張。2019 年,強大的颱風、地震、火山爆發和登革熱疫情影響到數十萬人。

快速工業化:

這些國家正在迅速城市化,但人口激增和大規模移民前往欠缺基礎設施的擁擠城市可能會加速病毒的傳播。

貧困和疾病:

一些發展中國家已經在與貧困和結核病等傳染病作鬥爭 —— 意味著這些國家更不具備應對新疫情的能力。


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