賓語從句,是名詞性從句的一種。在主從複合句中充當賓語,位於及物動詞、介詞或複合謂語之後的從句稱為賓語從句。賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。
意義:語法是語言的組織規律,任何人在使用語言時,不管他是否學過語法,都須合乎語法。另外,總結語法本身的規律也能加深我們對語言的理解,讓我們能夠真正熟練地運用語言。(賓語:指一個動作(動詞)的接受者,常置於動詞之後,也有雙賓語結構例句:he gave me a book,類似擁有me和book兩個賓語的句子叫雙賓語從句),在複合句中,由一個句子充當賓語,這個句子就叫做賓語從句。
定義:置於動詞、介詞等詞性後面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式,v.-ing形式後面都能帶賓語從句。有些形容詞(afraid,sure,glad等)之後也可以帶賓語從句。
學習賓語從句要抓住三要素:引導詞、語序和時態。
一、引導詞
1.從句為陳述句,常選擇引導詞that或將that省略,直接與主句相連。
2.從句為一般疑問句,常選擇引導詞if或whether。在 whether … or not 結構中不能用 if 替換。
3.從句為特殊疑問句,常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等疑問代詞、疑問副詞作引導詞。 注意:當who為主語時,句式為:who+謂語+其他。
4.從句的引導詞有很多,如:say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等。
二、判斷時態情況
1.主句是一般現在時,從句為各種時態。
2.主句是一般過去時,從句為各種相應過去時態。
3. 當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實真理時,即使主句是過去時,從句也用一般現在時態。
例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.注意:從句描繪客觀事實,用一般現在時。
4.關係代詞:that,who,whom,whose,which
1) The teacher told the children that the sun____ round. was B. is C. were D. are2) I believe that our team____ the basketball match. win B. won C. will win D. wins 答:1.B 2.C
賓語從句用作賓語。如:
Do you know where he lives ?
定語從句相當於一個形容詞,用於修飾前面的名詞。如:
The student who answered the question was John. 回答問題的學生是John.
This is the man whom he is looking for.
三、賓語從句的用法
1. that引導賓語從句無意義,不充當句子成分常省略。但下列情況除外: ①.介詞賓語從句的that不能省略。 ②. and連接的兩個從句,兩個從句的that不能省略。 He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. ③.在動詞+it+賓語補足語+賓語從句結構中,that不省略。 I heard it said that he had gone abroad We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
2. Whether,if 引導賓語從句:兩詞可互換,但是下列情形除外: ①.whether從句中有or not ②.whether從句做介詞賓語 Everything depends on whether you agree with us
3. 許多帶複合賓語的句子,賓語從句經常移到句子後部,而用it做形式賓語。結構是: 主語 + 動詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞等賓語補足語 + 賓語從句 We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. ①.賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序。 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. ②. 有時候可以用it 作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語從句放在後面。 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. ③. 帶有賓語從句的複合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesn't like the English teacher. Good: I don't think he likes the English teacher. ④. 主句一般過去時態,從句也要用過去時態;具體細節請看第一部分。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
.
閱讀更多 英語老師Margaret 的文章