INTRODUCTION 項目介紹
La Garenne 動物園已經有48年的歷史了。動物園原先位於瑞士沃州一個小村莊下，2013年遷至附近面積更大的地方。園區提出了一個新的概念——建設一條將鳥舍和圍場連接起來的教育之路，在起點處可以欣賞阿爾卑斯山下的田園風光，終點處是一條掩映在當地山林樹木間的空中走廊。動物園方委託LOCALARCHITECTURE事務所來為新動物園設計入口處的亭子。事務所的建築師們所面臨的主要挑戰就是如何讓建築融入大環境的同時還能滿足入口亭應有的功能需求以及彰顯動物園區的新特點。
For 48 years La Garenne zoo had occupied a site below the village of Le Vaud – and then in 2013 a project took shape to move the entire zoo to a much bigger neighbouring site. A new concept was developed, featuring an educational trail that links up the various aviaries and enclosures, moving from a pastoral landscape to an alpine setting and ending with a treetop walkway among the trees of the local forest. LOCALARCHITECTURE was commissioned to design an entrance pavilion for the new zoo. The key challenge for the architects was therefore to incorporate into this setting a built structure that would provide the necessary entrance functions and define the new identity of La Garenne zoo.
▼建築日景，External View during daytime
▼建築夜景，Night External View
LIMITS 限制條件
調研一開始，建築師們就將重點放在了場地限制條件和邊界的問題上——動物園內部園區方面：動物園周邊，連接方式，出入口，公共空間，植物和建築形成的“邊界”等等。入口亭本身就界定了園區邊界，與基地地勢較低一端Du Bois-Laurent路旁的林地形成的天然屏障相併列。入口亭是進入動物園的唯一通道，像一扇任意門，門外是我們生活的世界，門內則是令人耳目一新的自然樂園，動物世界。
Right from the start of their research the architects focused on the question of limits and boundaries – an inherent aspect of a zoological park: the park perimeters, access ways and entrances, public areas, barriers formed by plants and by built structures, etc. The entrance pavilion itself is a boundary, aligned as it is with the natural border formed by the strip of woodland along Route Du Bois-Laurent at the lower end of the site. The pavilion building is the only way of accessing the site, acting as a filter between the outside world and the reinvented natural world of the zoological park.
▼總平面，Site Plan
▼ 植物和建築形成的“邊界”，barriers formed by plants and by built structures,
▼ 像一扇任意門分割外面的世界和動物園，acting as a filter between the outside world and the reinvented natural world of the zoological park
▼ 入口亭是進入動物園的唯一通道，The pavilion building is the only way of accessing the site
DESIGN 設計
入口亭的凹槽是為了界定兩個主要的公共空間而設計的：一邊是入口處大廳，另一邊是動物園園區中心。遊客進入這個建築之時就標誌著他們即將踏入園區，在建築的中心處這種感受尤為強烈，那裡是整個建築最狹窄的部分。遊客在穿過這條狹窄的通道時會感覺他們可以立即直接走入動物世界。
The indentations of the building’s design are used to define the two key public spaces: the entrance forecourt on one side and the zoo’s central hub on the other. Crossing this building signals to visitors that they are entering the zoo – and they do this at the centre, the narrowest point of the structure. Arriving through this restricted channel gives visitors the feeling of gaining direct, immediate access to the world of the zoo.
▼ 入口亭的凹槽，The indentations of the building’s
入口亭的主要功能沿著長邊安排佈置。建築兩端都設有出入口：一邊是接待處和商店，可以通向餐廳；另一邊是多功能活動空間。屋頂中間下凹，突出了入口處；兩邊升高，以容納相連的接待設施。
The pavilion’s primary functional elements are incorporated successively along its length. The ends of the building open out to create spaces at either end: for the reception and shop on one side, leading to the restaurant, and for a multi-purpose event space on the other.The roof also dips at the centre, highlighting the entrance point and rising away on either side to accommodate the adjacent reception facilities.
▼ 餐廳內部，Dining Room interior
▼ 餐廳外部，Dining Room exterior
STRUCTURE AND IDENTITY 結構和特性
大屋頂構造決定了弧形建築的體量，挑簷使體量得以延伸，三角木製立面連接屋頂和地面。建築的非矩形支撐結構借鑑了有機自然的形式，同時在外立面上的三角形之間創造了一種交替的視覺效果。木製三角形起到承重作用，透明三角形則提供了一個可以看到入口區和動物園園區的視角。另一方面，這種交替的屋頂結構界定了建築的形態和內部空間，更好地利用了外表面並同時確保其功能靈活性不會隨時間消逝。
The curved building volume is defined by the wide roof structure, which is extended by overhanging eaves connected to the ground by angled wooden verticals. This non-rectangular supporting structure references organic, natural forms, while at the same time creating an alternating effect between the infilled triangles, which bear the load of the building, and the glazed, transparent triangles which open up views of the entrance area and the park interior. On the other side this ‘interwoven’, alternating structure becomes the roof structure that shapes and defines the interior spaces, making optimal use of the surface area and ensuring that the pavilion retains its functional flexibility over time.
▼ 建築結構借鑑了有機自然的形式，non-rectangular supporting structure
▼ 建築的非矩形支撐結構借鑑了有機自然的形式，This non-rectangular supporting structure references organic natural forms
ASPECTS OF THE CONSTRUCTION 建造方面
建造過程秉持著合理、經濟的概念，以重複的網格結構為基礎。建造用到的部件大都是預製的，這樣保證建造過程快速高效。這種建築結構使得建築易於拆卸，也有利於回收。建築使用的建材都可控且出處經過認證。使用的所有木材都經過FSC認證或是同等木材。該建築作為一個整體，使用的瑞士木材都得到了歐盟木材原產地瑞士認證。建造用的木材堆起來有157立方米，換句話說，建造過程中用的木材的97%都源自瑞士。由於新建築位於地面層—前廳的入口層—的木筏上面，所以並不需要任何挖掘地面，建築完全是由預製的元件在基地拼接安裝而成，縮短了建設的工期。立面上的每一個三角形玻璃是一塊預製的單元，只需要現場安裝即可。三角形的結構有木製框架，屋頂由預製的木盒子單元組成。整個設計精緻且輕巧，容易拆卸。建築多面的外觀源於其窗戶面板中的垂直摺疊線。建築結構被當做一個整體，由弧線等分為幾部分，這樣做利於運用可重複的結構元件，如預製木板，三角形玻璃，和屋頂上的金屬筋膜元件。
The construction concept is rational and economical, based as it is on the repetition of a regular grid scheme. The elements are largely prefabricated, permitting rapid, efficient construction. The choice of this kind of structure also makes the building easy to de-construct and facilitates recycling. The building uses materials of controlled and certified provenance. All the structural timber is FSC-certified or equivalent. The building as a whole earned Certificat d’Origine Bois Suisse accreditation for its use of Swiss wood. Timber construction represents 157 m3 of the built volume: in other words, 97% of the building materials used are Swiss in origin. Because the new structure sits on a raft at ground level – the level of the entrance forecourt – and did not require any excavations, it was fully prefabricated and the prefabricated elements were assembled on site, minimising the construction period. Each triangle of the façade represents a finished prefabricated unit which simply needed to be installed on the site. The triangle structure has a timber frame and the roof comprises a system of prefabricated wooden box units. The design is therefore deliberately lightweight – easy to dismount. The building derives its faceted appearance from the vertical fold-lines incorporated in the window panels. The structure as a whole breaks down into equal arc segments, creating the basis for a system of repeated structural elements – including the prefabricated wooden panels, the glazed triangles and the metal fascia elements on the roof.
▼ 預製的三角形木製框架，三角形玻璃，triangle structure has a timber frame，glazed triangles
▼ 整個結構充分利用三角形元素，building’ s structure make use of triangle elements
▼ 效果圖，Renderings
▼總平面，Site Plan
▼平面圖，Floor Plan
▼剖面圖，Section
▼立面圖，Elevation
▼ 建築細節，Details
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