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Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance. However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other non－market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue－jumping schemes we've considered—at airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors' offices，and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.
60．The passage is meant to ________．
A．justify paying for faster services
B．discuss the morals of allocating things
C．analyze the reason for standing in line
D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping
60．B 作者意圖題。本文主要闡述瞭如何進行分配，討論了基於分配原則的可變性的道德標準，故選B項。
詞彙學習
allocate [ˈæləkeɪt] 分配，分發
distribute 分發
merit 價值 優點
by chance （偶然地，意外地）
tendency 傾向，趨勢
queues 行列，排隊
striking 顯著的，引人注目的，
queue－jumping 加塞兒，插隊
schemes 策劃
justify 為……辯護
moral 道德，道義
完整文章
[2013·江蘇卷] B
We've considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票販子)，or purchasing line－cutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)．
Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue，“First come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主義的)appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.
The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions .If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it's the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.
Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue.It's as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.
But don't take the recorded message too seriously.Today, some people's calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.
Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance. However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other non－market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue－jumping schemes we've considered—at airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors' offices，and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.
58．According to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come，first served”？
A．Taking buses.
B．Buying houses.
C．Flying with an airline.
D．Visiting amusement parks.
59．The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates ________．
A．the necessity of patience in queuing
B．the advantage of modern technology
C．the uncertainty of allocation principle
D．the fairness of telephonic services
60．The passage is meant to ________．
A．justify paying for faster services
B．discuss the morals of allocating things
C．analyze the reason for standing in line
D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping
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