理解不了这五种简单句型，高中英语语法学习无从谈起，完形、阅读、语法填空、七选五和写作更无从谈起，英语成绩最终会一塌糊涂。因此，必须重视对它的学习和掌握！
1.Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)
主谓句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。
常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。
例如：
Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
2.Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
主系表句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：
①表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。
This kind of food tastes delicious.
这种食物吃起来很可口。
②表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。
Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
3.Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语)
主谓宾句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。
He took his bag and left.（名词）
他拿着书包离开了。
注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。
4.Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
主谓双宾句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。
引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。
Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
上述句子还可以表达为：Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
5.Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)
主谓宾补句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。
担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。
You should keep the room clean and tidy.
你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）
常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带too.
The boss made him do the work all day.
老板让他整天做那项工作。
【五个基本句型的基础过关练习题专项一】
一、S + V（主语＋不及物动词）
这种句型简称为主谓结构。不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：
—Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？—No, we flew. 不，我们是坐飞机去的。
有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：
Why don’t you come at once when I call you? 我叫你时，你为什么不马上来？
【练习导航】
Ⅰ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。
1. 他在听。He _____ _____.
2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you _____ _____ last night?
3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。The rain _____ _____ two hours.
4. 事物总是变化的。Things always _____.
5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。His dream to China _____ _____ _____.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. You’d better ______.
A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait
( )7. It _____ outside. I have to stay at home.
A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained
( )8. —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?
—Yes, I did. My uncle ______ in the match.
A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play
( )9. —What did your father say just now?
—Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ on the phone.
A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked
( )10. You ______ first and I ______ behind.
A. go; was following B. will go; follow
C. will go; followed D. go; will follow
二、S + V + P（主语＋系动词＋表语）
系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。如：
All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。
The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。
翻译下面的汉语句子。
1. 他感到有点累。__________________
2. 这听起来是个好主意。____________
3. 海伦在家吗？______________
4. 我的电脑在书房里。_____________
5. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。_____________
6. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。_______________
7. 问题是你想干什么。__________________
8. 他总是乐于助人。____________________
9. 这盘菜闻起来不错。___________________
10. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。________________
三、S + V + O（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）
及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。如：
He’s having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。I prefer standing. 我宁愿站着。
He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。
Ⅰ. 找出下列句子的宾语。
1. He handed in his homework this morning. ___
2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. _________
3. He forgot which way to go. ____________
4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? _____
5. I’ll do what I can. __________
Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。
6. 你认识这些人吗？
Do you _______ _______ ________?
7. 今天早上他完成了报告。
He ______ _____ ______ this morning.
8. 现在我来自我介绍一下。
Now I’ll _______ _______.
9. 他已经决定搬到北京去了。
He has decided ______ ______ ______ Beijing.
10. 我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。
I don’t remember ______ the accident _______.
四、S + V + IO + DO（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
有些及物动词，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语
Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。
1. She gave me her telephone number. ______
2. Bring me some water, please. ____________
3. I’ll make you some fresh tea. ____________
4. He sang us a folk song. _________________
5. She showed me her paintings. __________
Ⅱ. 将下列句子改为同义句。
6. Tom gave me a nice pen.
Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me.
7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt.
My mother ______ a pink skirt ______ my little sister.
8. She cooked us a delicious meal.
She ______ a delicious meal _____ us.
9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt.
Tim ______ his nice T-shirt _____ me.
10. She made me a cup of coffee.
She ______ a cup of coffee ______ me.
【温馨提示】
◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：
Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？
→Can you lend your car to us?
◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如：
My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。
→My uncle bought a watch for me.
五、S + V + O + OC（主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing形式等充当。如：
Please don’t call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。
I found the box empty. 我发现箱子是空的。
The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老师要我们做一些练习题。
Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。
1. They call their daughter Mary. ______
2. Don’t leave me behind. ____________
3. I wish you to be happy. _____________
4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. _________
5. Good food keeps you healthy. ___________
Ⅱ. 翻译下面的汉语句子。
6. 他们请我和他们一道去。_______________
7. 我刚才看见她在跟简谈话。____________
8. 你认为这部电影精彩吗？_____________
9. 你建议我做什么？____________________
10. 你注意到他进来了吗？______________
【五个基本句型的基础过关练习题专项二】
练习一：主谓结构基本句型汉译英练习
说明：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如，The sun rises.主语可有修饰语---定语，如，The red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语---状语，如，The red sun rises in the east
翻译下面的练习题：
1. 你应当努力学习。
2. 她昨天回家很晚。
3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。
4. 会议将持续两个小时。
5. 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
练习二：主系表结构基本句型汉译英练习
说明：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有
（1）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound.
（2）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand.
（3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.
1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。
2. 冬季白天短，夜晚长。
3. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。
4. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
5. 孩子们，请保持安静。
练习三：主谓宾结构基本句型（一）汉译英练习
说明：此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语够成。其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词或及物的动词词组。宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。
1. 昨晚我写了一封信。
2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3. 这本书他读过多次了。
4. 他们成功地完成了计划。
5. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。
练习三：主谓宾结构基本句型（二）汉译英练习
说明：此结构中的谓语动词常常是动词词组,分两种情况:1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词。
1. 我不信任那个人。
2. 他指出了我的作文中的错误。
3. 圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。
4. 你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。
5. 五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。
练习四：双宾语结构基本句型汉译英练习
说明：此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如，
He brings me cookies every day.
She made me a beautiful dress.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。
1. Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。
4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
5. 他把车票给列车员看。
练习五：复合宾语结构基本句型汉译英练习
说明: 此结构由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。如， The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。即 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。如， I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
1. 我们叫她Alice.
2. 他的父母给他取名为John.
3. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
4. 他们把门推开了。
5. 他们把小偷释放了。
五个基本句型的基础过关练习题专项一答案
一、Ⅰ. 1. is listening 2. sleep well 3. lasted for
4. change 5. has come true
Ⅱ. 6-10 ABBCD
二、 1. He feels a little tired. 2. It sounds a good idea.
3. Is Helen in? 4. My computer is in the study.
5. His dream is to become a doctor. 6. My favorite sport is swimming.
7. The question is what you want to do.
8. He is always ready to help others.
9. The dish smells good. 10. The girl is my sister.
三、Ⅰ. 1. his homework 2. yourself 3. which way to go
4. waiting 5. what I can
Ⅱ. 6. know these people 7. finished his report
8. introduce myself 9. to move to
10. when; happened
四、Ⅰ. 1. her telephone number 2. some water
3. some fresh tea 4. a folk song 5. her paintings
Ⅱ. 6. gave; to 7. bought; for 8. cooked; for
9. showed; to 10. made; for
五、Ⅰ. 1. Mary 2. behind 3. to be happy
4. chatting with Nancy 5. healthy
Ⅱ. 6. They asked me to go with them.
7. I saw her talking with Jane just now.
8. Do you think the movie wonderful?
9. What do you advise me to do?
10. Did you notice him come in?
六、Ⅰ. 1-5 ADCBC
Ⅱ. 6. There is; playing 7. There used to be
8. There might be 9. There is no 10. There is; to wait for
五个基本句型的基础过关练习题专项二答案
练习一：主谓结构基本句型汉译英练习答案
1. You should study hard.
2. She went home very late yesterday evening.
3. That morning we talked a great deal.
4. The meeting will last two hours.
5. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
练习二：主系表结构基本句型汉译英练习答案
1. My brothers are all college students.
2. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.
3. Mrs Brown looks very healthy.
4. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.
5. Children, keep quiet please.
练习三：主谓宾结构基本句型（一）汉译英练习答案
1.I wrote a letter last night.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3.He has read this book many times.
4.They have carried out the plan successfully.
5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
练习三：主谓宾结构基本句型（二）汉译英练习答案
1. I don’t believe in(介) that man.
2. He pointed out（副） the mistakes in my composition.
3. On Christmas Day, we will call on（介）our foreign teachers.
4. You must hand in（副） your exercise-books after class.
5. We cannot work out（副） the problem in five minutes.
练习四：双宾语结构基本句型汉译英练习答案
1. Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.
4. Would you please pass me the dictionary?
5. He showed the ticket to the conductor.
练习五：复合宾语结构基本句型汉译英练习答案
1. We call her Alice.
2. His parents named him John.
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. They pushed the door open.
5. They have set the thief free.
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