機密★啟用前
北京第二外國語學院
2012年碩士研究生入學考試試卷
考試科目：211 翻譯碩士英語 滿分：100分
考試說明：請將答案寫在指定答題紙上，若答在試卷上，則該科成績無效。
I. Vocabulary and grammar (30 points)
Multiple-choice
Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
1. It has been estimated that the earth’s surface temperature has increased ________ one quarter to three quarters of a degree since 1805.
A) to
B) be
C) at
D) with
2. The lady dressed in the latest Paris fashion is ________ in her appearance but rude in her speech.
A) elaborate
B) excessive
C) elegant
D) exaggerated
3. Many people think that the standards of public ________ have declined.
A) morality
B) rightness
C) awareness
D) mentality
4. Iceland lies far north in the Atlantic, with its northernmost tip actually ________ the Arctic Circle.
A) touched
B) touches
C) touching
D) being touched
5. You need to rewrite this sentence because it is ________, the readers will have difficulty in understanding it.
A) comprehensive
B) alternative
C) deliberate
D) ambiguous
6. People were surprised to find that he had the ability to ________ everything he was involved in.
A) precede
B) dominate
C) effect
D) instruct
7. Colin married my sister and I married his brother, ________ makes Colin and me double in-laws.
A) what
B) which
C) that
D) it
8. The problems requiring immediate solution will be given ________ at the meeting.
A) priority
B) urgency
C) superiority
D) emergency
9. A membership card authorizes ________ the club’s facilities for a period of 12 months.
A) the holder using
B) the holder’s use
C) the holder to use
D) the holder uses
10. During the conference the speaker’ tried to ________ his feelings concerning the urgency of a favorable decision.
A) comply
B) impose
C) imply
D) convey
11. ________ I admit that there are problems, I don’t think that they cannot be solved.
A) Unless
B) Until
C) As
D) While
12. The fact that they reacted so differently was a reflection of their different ________.
A) performances
B) personalities
C) qualities
D) appearances
13. Your excuse that an elephant fell on you and made you late is just ________.
A) inevitable
B) indispensable
C) incredible
D) incurable
14. Another big issue ________ the new republic is the problem of the education of its citizens.
A) confining
B) confirming
C) conforming
D) confronting
15. I tried to relax because I knew I would use up my oxygen sooner ________.
A) the more excited I got
B) I got excited more
C) and more I got excited
D) and I got more excited
16. Scientists first ________ the idea of the atom bomb in the 1930s.
A) imagined
B) conceived
C) considered
D) acknowledged
17. Cotton production has been ________ the decline these years.
A) down
B) on
C) at
D) under
18. The day before my history exam, I still hadn’t ________ reading the first book on the list.
A) as about
B) caught up with
C) got round to
D) sat for
19. He has pointed our the dangers ________ in this of nuclear power station.
A) interior
B) inherent
C) insists
D) inner
20. Wherever I have an appointment, I like to arrive ________.
A) ahead of time a little
B) a little time
C) a little ahead of time
D) ahead of a little time
21. Radar is used to extend the ________ of man’s sense of observing his environment, especially the sense of vision.
A) validity
B) liability
C) capability
D) intensity
22. The boy cycling in the street was knocked down by a minibus and received ________ injures.
A) fatal
B) excessive
C) disastrous
D) exaggerated
23. It the ocean were free of ice, storm paths would move further north, ________ the plains of North America of rainfall.
A) to deprive
B) deprived
C) depriving
D) deprived
24. A window in the kitchen was ________; there was rubbish every where, and the curtains and carpets had been stolen.
A) scattered
B) scraped
C) scratched
D) smashed
25. This is an idea site for a university ________ it is far from the downtown area.
A) provided that
B) now that
C) so that
D) in that
26. The most ________ technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revolution.
A) prominent
B) prosperous
C) solemn
D) prevalent
27. Whether their football team will win is a matter of ________ to me.
A) indifference
B) discrimination
C) deviation
D) interests
28. He thought he could talk Mr. Robinson ________ buying some expensive equipment.
A) on
B) of
C) round
D) into
29. Today the public is much concerned about the way ________.
A) nature is being ruined
B) which nature is ruined
C) on which to ruin nature
D) of nature to be ruined
30. Though ________ rich, he was better off than at any other period in his life.
A) by any means
B) by some means
C) by all means
D) by no means
Part II Reading Comprehension ( 40 points)
Section 1 Multiple-choice (20 points)
Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.
Passage A
Three English dictionaries published recently all lay claim to possessing a “new” feature. The BBC English Dictionary contains background information on 1,000 people and places prominent in the news since 1988; the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary: Encyclopedic Edition is the OALD plus encyclopedic entries; the Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture is the LME plus cultural information.
The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to have a distinctly “cultural” as well as language learning content. That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not identical, making direct comparisons between the three difficult.
While there is some common ground between the encyclopedic/cultural entries for the Oxford and Longman dictionaries, there is a clear difference. Oxford lays claim to being encyclopedic on content whereas Longman distinctly concentrates on the language and culture of the English-speaking world. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Longman publication because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world. The cultural objectives of the BBC dictionary are in turn more distinct still. Based on an analysis of over 70 million words recorded from the BBC World Service and National Public Radio of Washington over a period of four years, their 1,000 brief encyclopedic entries are based on people and places that have featured in the news recently. The intended user they have in mind is a regular listener to the World Service who will have a reasonable standard of English and a developed skill in listening comprehension.
In reality, though, the BBC dictionary will be purchased by a far wider range of language learners, as will the other two dictionaries. We will be faced with a situation where many of the users of these dictionaries will at the very least have distinct socio-cultural perspectives and may have world views which are totally opposed and even hostile to those of the West. Advanced learners from this kind of background will not only evaluate a dictionary on how user-friendly it is but will also have definite views about the scope and appropriateness of the various socio-cultural entries.
31. What feature sets apart the three dictionaries discussed in the passage from traditional ones?
A) The combination of two dictionaries into one
B) The new approach to defining words
C) The inclusion of cultural content
D) The increase in the number of entries
32. The Longman dictionary is more likely to be criticized for cultural prejudice ________.
A) its scope of cultural entries the beyond the culture of the English-speaking world
B) it pays little attention to the cultural content of the non-English-speaking countries
C) it views the world purely from the standpoint of the English-speaking world
D) it fails to distinguish language from culture in its encyclopedic entries
33. The BBC dictionary differs from Oxford and Longman in that ________.
A) it has a wider selection Of encyclopedic entries
B) it is mainly design to meet the needs of radio listeners
C) it lays more emphasis co language then on culture
D) it is intended to help listeners develop their listening comprehension skills
34. It is implied in the last paragraph that, in approaching socio-cultural content in a dictionary, special thought be given to ________.
A) the language levels of its users
B) the number of its prospective purchasers
C) the different tastes of its users
D) the various cultural backgrounds of its users
35. What is the passage mainly about?
A) Different ways of treating socio-cultural elements in the three new English dictionaries.
B) A comparison of people’s opinions on the cultural content in the three new English dictionaries.
C) The advantages of the BBC dictionary over Oxford and Longman.
D) The user-friendliness of the three new English dictionaries.
Passage B
Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.
The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.
Little of his time is spent in chatting. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty crimes.
Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as he’s arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks little effort is spent on searching.
Having made an arrest, a detective really start to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence.
At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.
If the detective has to detective the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simples mindedness as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is re-catching people who should have stared behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.
36. A policeman has to be trained in criminal law because ________.
A) he must work hard to help reform criminals
B) he must believe as professional lawyers do
C) he must be able to tell when and where a crime is committed
D) he must justify the arrests he makes of criminals
37. What is the most suitable word that describes the work of a policeman according to the passage?
A) Dangerous
B) Demanding
C) Distressing
D) Dramatic
38. According to the passage, policemen spend most of their time an efforts ________.
A) patrolling the street, rain or shine
B) tracking and arresting criminals
C) collecting and providing evidence
D) consulting the rules of law
39. What’s the policeman’s biggest headache?
A) He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way.
B) He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases.
C) He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases.
D) He has to provide the best possible public service at the least possible expense.
40. Why do policemen feel separated from the rest of the world?
A) Because they do not receive due support from society.
B) Because they find people insincere with them.
C) Because they feel superior to simple-minded people around them.
D) Because they are suspicious of the people around them.
Section 2 Answering questions (20 points)
Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.
Question 41- 43
To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.
Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it docs not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use out technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.
Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.
In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that pees the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.
41. What lessons can be learned from the examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl?
42. Why is the introduction of the computer regarded as a revolution?
43. What does the phrase “the human quality of technology” mean?
Question 44- 45
Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one’s side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.
Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift” means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.
Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.
Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.
When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Then attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer—who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation’s diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.
For many years, American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always he the upper hand.
44. What will probably be the consequence of Americans’ cultural blindness?
45. What is the author’s intention of writing this article?
III. Writing (30 points)
The introduction of new digital technologies has radically altered people's reading habits over the past decade. In light of this change, explain why students should or should not be required to read lengthy textbooks and novels in their classes.
Write a composition of about 400 words on your view of the topic.
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