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原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：水滴的思绪 转载请注明出处
Why are "Made in China" products cheaper than "Made in India" products, but the salaries in China are much higher than India?
为什么“中国制造”产品比“印度制造”产品便宜，但中国的工资却远高于印度？
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原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：水滴的思绪 转载请注明出处
Sthitapragnya Deshpande, worked at China
You are right in that salaries in China are generally higher than in India (see analysis of salaries in China at the bottom of this answer).
你说得对，中国的工资一般都比印度高(见下面关于中国工资的分析)。
A few reasons for the above are
原因如下
1) Subsidies
(Do you know that made in China items are cheaper outside China - in India and in UK - than in China itself?)
1)补贴
(你知道中国制造的商品在中国以外的地方——印度和英国——比在中国本土更便宜吗?)
2) Low cost of R&D
(In China, these costs are usually footed by the Western company that wanted to initially manufacture these products for cheap). In India, on the other hand, companies try to do their own R&D, which is very holier than thou, fair, but wastes time reinventing the wheel.
2)研发成本低
(在中国，这些成本通常是由西方公司负担的，因为他们一开始想以低廉的价格生产这些产品)。另一方面，在印度，公司试图做他们自己的研发，这是非常神圣的，公平的，但会浪费时间重新发明轮子。
3) Excess manufacturing -
When manufacturing for a western client (for example: Apple for iphones, or Bose for headphones, Burberry for clothes), most Chinese companies overproduce to address the 5-10% rejection rate. The rejected items are often of good quality, but not to the high specifications that were required (the phone may have a tiny 0.5 mm scratch, its shade of white may be a tad lighter / the headphone jack may be 0.01 mm longer / the dress may have one loose uncut thread at the inner sleeve).
3） 生产过剩
在为西方客户生产产品（例如：苹果（Apple）生产iphone，Bose生产耳机，巴宝莉（Burberry）生产服装）时，大多数中国公司都生产过剩，以对应5-10%的拒绝率。被拒绝的产品通常质量很好，但不符合要求的高规格（手机可能有0.5毫米的微小划痕，白色可能稍轻/耳机插孔可能长0.01毫米/衣服的内袖子可能有一根未剪断的线）。
All of this is then marketed under the Chinese manufacturers name (rationale: after all, it is he who actually made it! The western company only sent the design and specification, who knows who actually designed it... perhaps it was designed by an economically paid person / immigrant from Russia / India / Italy?). hence it is sold for half the cost (the manufacture still makes a profit).
所有这些都以中国制造商的名义销售(理由:毕竟是他自己制造的!)西方公司只要求了设计和规格，谁知道是谁设计的……也许它是由一个经济上有收入的人/来自俄罗斯/印度/意大利的移民设计的?)因此，它的售价是成本的一半(制造仍然有利润)。
Now multiply the above scenario with a million companies and you have a fair idea of the reason why Made in China products are cheaper than Made in India.
现在，将上述情景乘以一百万家公司，你就会清楚为什么中国制造的产品比印度制造的便宜。
The few places in India where we do have this system are the leather goods shops in Dharavi, and clothes sold at Fashion street in Mumbai - however the scale in China is a million times bigger due to the way Chinese people think.
在印度，只有达拉维的皮具店和孟买的时装街上才有这种系统。然而，由于中国人的思维方式，中国的规模要大上一百万倍。
For example: Nike manufacturers much of its sports wear in Bangalore from a small company - that company''s loyalty to Nike is high. It does nto market / sell these clothes to anyone in India.
例如:耐克公司在班加罗尔生产的运动服大多来自一家小公司——这家公司对耐克的忠诚度很高。在印度，没有人能买到这些衣服。
If it were thinking like a Chinese company, that same company would have marketed the rejected clothes in India, two years later it would have terminated the contract with Nike and made the same clothes under its own brand name. two years later, it would have sent its people to Europe - especially to sports meet, looked at clothes made by well established brands, modified them to suit its clientele and marketed a new line - exporting it - and improvising the designs all along.
如果它像一家中国公司那样思考，这家公司就会在印度销售被拒绝的服装，两年后它就会终止与耐克的合同，以自己的品牌生产同样的服装。两年后，它将把员工派往欧洲——尤其是去参加运动会，考察知名品牌的服装，对其进行修改以适应其客户，并推出一条新的生产线——出口服装——并一直即兴设计服装。
Nike of course would have found another manufacturer meanwhile - and the cycle continues. I walk down my local markets and am always stunned by the excellent variety of clothes (Fyi clothes made in India last far longer than Chinese clothes - I still use clothes made by Madura coats, Vimal, Gwalior, and they look first hand. Chinese clothes look better, but last shorter - great for a country where giving employment to more people is far more important than making long lasting products. remember - The latter result in fewer jobs)
与此同时，耐克当然会找到另一家制造商——这样的循环还在继续。我走在当地的市场上，总是被琳琅满目的服装所震撼(顺便说一句，印度制造的服装比中国制造的耐穿得久，我一直穿Madura coats、Vimal、Gwalior等公司生产的服装，而且它们看起来都是第一手的。中国的衣服看起来更好看，但穿的时间更短——这对中国来说很好，因为在中国，让更多人就业远比生产耐穿的产品重要。记住——后一种情况会导致就业机会减少)
Revelation - As for salaries in China -
启示-关于中国的工资-
Average monthly salary of a factory worker (qualification = graduate or lesser) in Guangdong in a factory making cellphones = 4,000 - 6,000 RMB (INR 40,000-60,000).
广东某手机制造厂工人（学历=本科及以下）月平均工资为4000-6000元人民币（40000-60000卢比）。
Average monthly salary of an entry level normal software engineer (not from one of the top colleges) in Shenzen = 20,000 RMB (2 Lakh rupees)
一名入门级普通软件工程师（非顶尖大学）在深圳的平均月薪=20000元人民币（20万卢比）
Average monthly salary of a well qualified (IIT level) Chinese software / IT professional in Baidu and similar companies - after working for 5-10 years = 50,000-70,000 RMB (5-7 lakh rupees)
在百度和类似公司工作5-10年后，合格的（IIT级）中国软件/IT专业人员的平均月薪=50000-70000人民币（500-700万卢比）
Since we are talking about tier 1 cities in China in the above, we should compare the salaries to cities like Mumbai and Bangalore. You will notice similar trends in smaller cities - for example: comparing salaries in Lucknow and Trivandrum with salaries in Hangzhou.
既然我们在上面讨论的是中国的一线城市，我们应该把工资与孟买和班加罗尔这样的城市进行比较。你会注意到小城市也有类似趋势——例如：比较勒克瑙和特里凡德鲁姆的工资和杭州的工资。
Rupesh Agarwal, I am a lot of things but an Engineer. That''s just to afford being everythng else
How do we estimate the cost of a product? Salary of employees is a big part of it. But, there are other factors as well. And, it is a myth that Salary in India is lower than in China. Salary in China could be way lower in many many spaces, esp. Manufacturing.
我们如何估算一个产品的成本?员工的工资是其中很大的一部分。但是，还有其他因素。而且，印度的工资比中国低是一个神话。在中国很多行业，尤其是制造业，工资可能会低很多。
Cost of a product depends upon the cost of raw materials, employee cost, infrastructure cost, transportation and hence energy cost, cost and ease of starting a business to name a few major factors.
一个产品的成本取决于原材料成本、员工成本、基础设施成本、运输成本，以及能源成本、其余成本和创业难易程度等几个主要因素。
Even if we assume that employee cost incl. salary in India is cheaper than in China (which is not), the other costs in India are so high that it becomes totally uneconomical to compete with Made in China products in terms of quality and cost.
即使我们假设印度的员工成本包括工资比中国的低(事实并非如此)，印度的其他成本是如此之高，以至于在质量和成本方面与中国制造的产品竞争是完全不合算的。
Raw Materials
原材料
Most of the raw materials for products that are cheaper when made in China, are readily available in China at a very good price quality index.
大多数中国制造的产品的原材料更便宜，在中国很容易买到，价格质量指数也很好。
Transportation and Public Infrastructure
交通及公共基础设施
Public infrastructure in China is just super. Goods can be transported efficiently, on-time and across country at a much lower cost than in India. Indian manufacturers cannot rely on public infrastructure for reliable transportation. Most of these manufacturers have then to go to Private logistics providers or have some supply chain of their own. Imagine the cost of that?
中国的公共基础设施非常好。货物运输效率高、准时、跨越国界，成本比在印度低得多。印度制造商不能依靠公共基础设施提供可靠的运输。然后，这些制造商中的大多数不得不求助于私人物流供应商，或者拥有自己的供应链。想象一下成本有多高?
Miscellaneous Business Cost (Starting and Running)
杂项业务成本(启动和运行)
Cost and ease of starting a business. It is not easy in China either, but relatively easier and cost efficient. Bribery in China is too low, punishment when caught being too harsh. Bribery alone leads to a lot of un-accounted cost, ranging from customs to IT to Local police to licensing authority to getting a VAT number issued. Try starting a business and you will know what I mean. It is super crazy.
创业的成本和容易程度。这在中国也不容易，但相对容易和成效高。贿赂在中国很少，惩罚严厉。仅贿赂一项就会导致大量无法计算的成本，从海关到地方警察，从许可证颁发机构到获得增值税号码，无不涉及。尝试创业，你就会明白我的意思。这太疯狂了。
So, you can make your judgement.
因此，你可以做出自己的判断
Vdhay Kumar N, Consultant at Oil and Gas Industry (2017-present)
Why are "Made in China" products cheaper than "Made in India" products, but the salaries in China are much higher than India?
为什么“中国制造”的产品比“印度制造”的产品便宜，但中国的工资却远高于印度？
For costing of any product includes design, raw materials, production cost, labour cost, transportation charges finally taxes at various stages.
对于任何产品的成本计算都包括设计、原材料、生产成本、人工成本、运输费用以及各个阶段的税金。
In countries like india we tax raw materials double/ triple/ quadraple times plus service charges. with transportation the raw materials cost triples again service tax. Best example is oil and gas which doesn''t cost beyond 1 Rupee is exaggerated to 72 rupees per liter. The number of hands we change that many times we pay service tax at 18% rate.
在像印度这样的国家，我们对原材料征收两倍/三倍/四倍的税，外加服务费。随着运输原材料成本又增加了三倍的服务税。最好的例子是石油和天然气，不超过1卢比的价格被夸大到每升72卢比。我们转了很多次手，按18%的税率缴纳服务税。
Man power is cheap in india as well as china and that is not a big concern as we get more automised rely on workers for quality reduces and rejections also reduce.
人力资源在印度和中国都很便宜，这并不是一个大问题，因为我们越来越自动化，依赖工人的现象和拒绝率也减少了。
China is a communist country which can impose its will to do on its people and discipline them with law. The mass production system they follow is reducing their cost. Since most companies are government owned even though they don''t tax they get hugh profit to refund the government.
中国所采用的大规模生产系统降低了他们的成本。由于大多数公司是国有的，即使他们不征税，但也会将巨大的利润来偿还国家。
chinese government made many trade pacts with different countried to sell their products at lowest prices. And this the main reason for economic slowdown.
中国与不同的国家签订了许多贸易协定，试图以最低的价格销售他们的产品。这是经济放缓的主要原因。
Slowing down the productivity will increase the cost of product so they dump every where around the world again and again.
生产效率的降低会增加产品的成本，所以他们会一次又一次地向世界各地倾销产品。
Sourav Datta, trying to look at the "Bigger Picture"
Its just a simple concept of Economics called Economies of Scale.
这只是一个简单的经济学概念，叫做规模经济。
Once you have the infrastructure ready for mass production, the quantities produced is not proportional to cost anymore. The cost increases very less per additional quantity. Hence the cheaper price in China.
一旦你准备好了大规模生产的基础设施，生产的数量就不再与成本成正比了。每增加一个数量，成本增加得非常少。因此中国的价格更便宜。
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