陳舟醫生健康說：有關腎臟病的10個“蛛絲馬跡”
很多人患有腎病，但大多數人卻不知道，這不是危言聳聽，而是事實。
腎臟疾病有很多表現，因為不特異，再一個就是有些症狀出現的太晚，所以常常被我們所忽視。
這就是為什麼只有10%的慢性腎病患者知道自己患有慢性腎病的原因之一。
要想知道你是否患有腎病，唯一的方法就是去做檢查，如果你有高血壓、糖尿病、有腎衰竭家族史而有患腎病的風險，或者你的年齡超過60歲，那麼每年做一次腎臟疾病檢查是很重要的。
在這裡陳醫生，分享可能患有腎病的10種跡象：
1.乏力，總是感覺很累，精力不夠用，或者注意力不集中。
腎功能的嚴重下降會導致血液中毒素的積聚，這會導致人們感到疲倦、虛弱，並且難以集中注意力。此外腎病的另一個併發症是貧血，同樣會導致虛弱和疲勞。
2.失眠。
當腎臟不能正常過濾時，毒素會留在血液中，而不是通過尿液離開身體，這會使人難以入睡。與普通人群相比，睡眠呼吸暫停在慢性腎病患者中更常見。
3.皮膚又幹又癢。
健康的腎臟的功能很強大，它們清除你體內的廢物和多餘液體，幫助製造紅細胞，幫助保持骨骼強壯，並努力維持血液中適量的礦物質。 皮膚乾燥和發癢可能是礦物質和骨骼疾病的標誌，通常出現在腎臟病的晚期階段。
4.尿頻。
如果你覺得需要經常小便，尤其是在晚上，這可能是腎病的徵兆。當腎小管功能受損時，會導致排尿次數增加。當然，有時這也可能是泌尿系統感染或前列腺肥大的有關。
5.尿裡有血。
健康的腎臟通常在過濾血液中的廢物產生尿液時將血細胞保留在體內，但是當腎臟過濾和重吸收功能被損壞時，這些血細胞會開始“滲漏”到尿液中。除了腎臟疾病外，尿液中的血液還可以提示出現腫瘤、腎結石或感染。
6.尿有泡沫。
尿液中過多的氣泡，提示可能尿液中含有蛋白質。這種泡沫可能看起來像你在攪雞蛋時看到的泡沫，因為尿中常見的蛋白質是白蛋白，與雞蛋中發現的蛋白質相同。
7.眼睛周圍皮膚出現持續的浮腫。
尿液中的蛋白質是腎臟過濾器受損的早期跡象，使得蛋白質洩漏到尿液中。你眼睛周圍的浮腫可能是由於你的腎臟在尿液中洩漏了大量的蛋白質，造成低蛋白血癥，從而引起眼瞼的水腫。
8.腳脖子腫了。
腎功能下降會導致水鈉瀦留，導致腳部和腳踝腫脹。當然，雙下肢腫脹也可能是心臟病、肝病和慢性下肢靜脈疾病的徵兆。
9.胃口不好。
這是一個非常普遍的症狀，具體機制不明確，腎功能下降導致的毒素積聚可能是原因之一。
10.老是腿抽筋。
腎功能受損會造成電解質失衡，比如出現低鈣可導致肌肉痙攣。
10 possible signs you may have kidney disease.
- You're more tired, have less energy or are having trouble concentrating. A severe decrease in kidney function can lead to a buildup of toxins and impurities in the blood. This can cause people to feel tired, weak and can make it hard to concentrate. Another complication of kidney disease is anemia, which can cause weakness and fatigue.
- You're having trouble sleeping. When the kidneys aren't filtering properly, toxins stay in the blood rather than leaving the body through the urine. This can make it difficult to sleep. There is also a link between obesity and chronic kidney disease, and sleep apnea is more common in those with chronic kidney disease, compared with the general population.
- You have dry and itchy skin. Healthy kidneys do many important jobs. They remove wastes and extra fluid from your body, help make red blood cells, help keep bones strong and work to maintain the right amount of minerals in your blood. Dry and itchy skin can be a sign of the mineral and bone disease that often accompanies advanced kidney disease, when the kidneys are no longer able to keep the right balance of minerals and nutrients in your blood.
- You feel the need to urinate more often. If you feel the need to urinate more often, especially at night, this can be a sign of kidney disease. When the kidneys filters are damaged, it can cause an increase in the urge to urinate. Sometimes this can also be a sign of a urinary infection or enlarged prostate in men.
- You see blood in your urine. Healthy kidneys typically keep the blood cells in the body when filtering wastes from the blood to create urine, but when the kidney's filters have been damaged, these blood cells can start to "leak" out into the urine. In addition to signaling kidney disease, blood in the urine can be indicative of tumors, kidney stones or an infection.
- Your urine is foamy. Excessive bubbles in the urine – especially those that require you to flush several times before they go away—indicate protein in the urine. This foam may look like the foam you see when scrambling eggs, as the common protein found in urine, albumin, is the same protein that is found in eggs.
- You're experiencing persistent puffiness around your eyes. Protein in the urine is an early sign that the kidneys’ filters have been damaged, allowing protein to leak into the urine. This puffiness around your eyes can be due to the fact that your kidneys are leaking a large amount of protein in the urine, rather than keeping it in the body.
- Your ankles and feet are swollen. Decreased kidney function can lead to sodium retention, causing swelling in your feet and ankles. Swelling in the lower extremities can also be a sign of heart disease, liver disease and chronic leg vein problems.
- You have a poor appetite. This is a very general symptom, but a buildup of toxins resulting from reduced kidney function can be one of the causes.
- Your muscles are cramping. Electrolyte imbalances can result from impaired kidney function. For example, low calcium levels and poorly controlled phosphorus may contribute to muscle cramping.
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