定語從句
I.單項填空
1.【2019·江蘇】 21.We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。句意：我們已經進入到了一個時代，在這個時代夢想實現的機會最大。句中先行詞為an age（一個時代），且先行詞在從句中做時間狀語，所以關係詞用when。故選C。
2.【2019·天津】11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定語從句。句意：他們的孩子正處於能說單個單詞而不能說完整句子的階段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一個定語從句，先行詞是the stage，關係詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，用關係副詞where，故選B。
3.【2018·北京】5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which B. who C. as D. that
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：她和家人騎自行車去上班，這有助於她們保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定語從句，該從句修飾整個主句，引導詞在從句中做主語，故該從句應用關係代詞which引導。A選項正確。
4.【2018·天津】2. Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A. whom B. that C. whose D. her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句關係詞。句意：凱特已經去澳大利亞工作了。我們在大學的時候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行詞為Kate，在非限定性定語從句中作名詞sister的定語，故用關係代詞whose。故選C。
5.【2018·江蘇】23. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定語從句。句意：自動駕駛是一箇中國和世界其它國家都在同一起跑線的領域。句中先行詞為area，在從句中作地點狀語，故用關係副詞where，相當於in which。故選B。
6.【2017·北京卷】31. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
【答案】A
試題分析：A. that 那個 B. as 因為 C. where 哪裡 D. when什麼時候。句意：我們在日常生活中遇到的小問題可能就是偉大發明的靈感。此句是定語從句，從句缺少賓語，先行詞是problems，用that。
7.【2017·江蘇】28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A. which B. it’s C. whose D. whom
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞是“the World Food Programme”，“世界糧食項目”的目的之一是……，
whose在定語從句中作定語，這裡限定purposes，故選C。句意：1963年聯合國建立了世界糧食計劃署，其目的之一就是為了緩解世界範圍內的飢餓問題。
8.【2017·天津】9. My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A. that B. whose C. his D. who
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我的最大兒子，他的工作帶他去全世界，現在在紐約。本句是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是my eldest son, 根據句意和空後名詞，確定引導詞做定語，在定語從句中只有引導詞whose修飾名詞做定語，意為：...的...。故選B。
10.【2016·北京】22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A. whose B. why C. where D. which
【答案】A
【解析】題目考查定語從句的關係詞。a couple是先行詞，這對夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所屬關係，故用whose作定語，whose children相當於the children of whom，故選A。
11.【2016·江蘇】23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。本題定語從句的先行詞是Many young people，關係代詞whom指代先行詞，在定語從句中作為介詞of的賓語。句意：很多年輕人都前往偏遠地區追求它們的夢想，其中大部分人都是受過良好教育。故C正確。
12.【2016·天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我們將把公園的野餐推遲到下個星期，那時天氣可能會更好。使用定語從句，先行詞是next week，定語從句中不缺少主賓表，缺少時間狀語。故選D。
13.【2016·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.
A. whom B. which C. what D. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：關於人類為什麼哭的時候會流淚，科學家已經提出了很多理論，沒有一個被證明了。使用定語從句，先行詞是theories，指物，定語從句中用代詞+介詞+關係代詞which引導。故選B。
14.【2015·湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..
A. as B. where C. that D. which
【答案】D
【解析】根據分析，此句是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是place，在定語從句中是作主語的，所以用關係代詞引導。As引導非限定性定語從句時要放在句首，故排除，選用which。句意：這真是一個令人愉快的地方，這裡的蜿蜒的小路和美麗的小村莊一定和100年前看起來是一模一樣的。故選D
15.【2015·北京】24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.
A. which B.that C.when D.where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：對面是聖保羅教堂，在教堂裡你能聽到一些優美的音樂。這是一個定語從句。先行詞是St. Paul’s Church，從句主謂賓成分完整，去掉空後依然是完整的句子，可推斷出引導詞在從句中作的是地點狀語。用where。故選D。
16.【2015·重慶】14. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.
A. whom B. which C. them D. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他寫了許多兒童書籍，幾乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行詞是books，定語從句中of缺少賓語，故選B項。
17.【2015·浙江】19. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which
【答案】C
【解析】句意：創造一種僱員感覺是其中一員的氛圍是一個大的挑戰。這是一個定語從句，in the atmosphere “在氛圍中”是一個固定搭配。此處也可以是where. 分析句子結構和結合四個選項，知道在這裡面所需要填的是連詞。然後空格之前是一個名詞，這種情況首先考慮的是定語從句。然後分析之後的句子是具備完整的結構（有了主語employees和賓語part of a team）所以這應該是需要一個充當狀語的連詞，如where, when , why. 由於when用於時間，Why用於原因，剩下的使用where，所以這裡填where。但是答案沒有這個選項，根據搭配介詞+which=where 及in atmosphere 是固定搭配，不難得出答案。
18.【2015·天津】15 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which C. when D. who
【答案】A
【解析】句意：公司老闆正盡力創造一種輕鬆的氣氛，在這種氣氛中，其員工喜歡他們的工作。句中先行詞為atmosphere，在從句中作地點狀語，故用關係副詞where。根據句意可知選A。
19.【2015·四川】3.The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A．which B. what C. whose D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。本題考查定語從句的關係詞，先行詞為the books，和covers之間存在所有關係，故選擇C，意為書的封面。句意為：桌上的書是給我們的獎勵，那些書的封面閃閃發光。
20.【2015·陝西】15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.
A. which B. where C. whom D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：作為家裡最小的孩子，Alex總是渴望他能夠有獨立的時間。這裡使用定語從句，先行詞是the time，定語從句中缺少時間狀語，用關係副詞when，所以選D。
II.語法填空
1.【2019·新課標II卷·語法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】where
【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結構可知，先行詞為the pet shop，在非限制性定語從句中作opened一詞的賓語，故用which。
2.【2019·新課標III卷·語法填空】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定語從句。句意：它們被他們的主人訓練地很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動物方面很有經驗。先行詞為masters（主人），且從句缺主語。故關係詞填who。
3.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定語從句。這是個限制性定語從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，從句中缺少主語，因此，可以用that或which引導。故填that/which。
4.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定語從句。句意：從大學中獲益最多的學生是那些完全投入學術生活的學生。___3___ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，空格處在句中作主語，代指人，故填who或that。
5. 【2018·全國I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
【答案】that \\which
【解析】考查定語從句的關係詞。此處a study是先行詞，其在定語從句中作主語，故填that或which。
6. 【2018·全國II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】 that/which
【解析】考查定語從句關係詞。根據空後的謂語動詞gives可知，該空缺少主語，指代program並且引導後面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
7. 【2018·浙江卷】Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查關係代詞。句中包含定語從句，先行詞是westerners指人，在定語從句中做主語，用關係代詞who/that引導，故填who/that。
8.[2017·全國卷Ⅰ]
Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70.________ is not good for the health.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結構可知which is not good for the health為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前文中的to have too much of both，即“攝入過多的脂肪和鹽”。故填which。
9.[2017·全國卷Ⅲ]
But Sarah, 64.________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案】 who
【解析】考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空後面是一個定語從句，缺少連接詞，代指先行詞Sarah, 在從句中作主語，故填who。
10.[2017·浙江卷6月考]
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64.________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生長) through it.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定語從句。此處先行詞是the garden，在從句中充當地點狀語，故填where。
11.【2016·全國新課標I】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。
But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定語從句。後面是非限制性定語從句，從句缺少狀語，因為先行詞是時間，故填when。
12.(2015·江蘇,21)The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
【答案】as
【解析】as在此處引導定語從句,且在從句中作主語,意為“正如”,代替整個主句的內容。
13.(2015·湖南,29)It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
【答案】which
【解析】which引導非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞place且在從句中作主語。
14.(2015·浙江,19)Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
【答案】which
【解析】先行詞為atmosphere,在從句中作邏輯上的地點狀語,此處in which相當於where。
15.(2015·重慶,14)He wrote many children�s books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.
【答案】which
【解析】根據句子結構可知,此處考查非限制性定語從句。關係代詞which指代前面的books,作介詞of的賓語。
16.(2015·四川,3)The books on the desk, covers are shiny,are prizes for us.
【答案】whose
【解析】先行詞為books,和covers之間是邏輯上的所屬關係,故用關係代詞whose。
17.(2015·安徽,28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞表示物,故用關係代詞which充當介詞upon的賓語。
18.(2015·福建,34)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
【答案】which
【解析】先行詞是前面的整個主句,空格處在從句中作主語,故用which。
20.(2014·全國Ⅰ,67)Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.
【答案】that/which
【解析】先行詞指物,空格處在從句中作主語,故用that或which。
21.(2014·安徽,22)The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
【答案】which/that/不填
【解析】先行詞是year,空格處在定語從句中作spent的賓語且指物,故用which,也可用that或省略。
22.(2014·山東,10)A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
【答案】whose
【解析】先行詞company和profits是邏輯上的所屬關係。故用關係代詞whose引導定語從句且在句中作定語修飾profits。
24.(2014·四川,4)Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.
【答案】which
【解析】先行詞是前面的整個主句,空格處在從句中作主語,故用which。
25.(2014·陝西,13)Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.
【答案】that/不填
【解析】先行詞information在定語從句中充當have的邏輯賓語,前面又有all修飾,故只能用that而不用which,也可以省略that。
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