關鍵詞（Keyword）：TED演講，聲音，工作效率，健康，意識
演講簡介：
什麼樣的聲音會讓你的工作效率恢復三倍變為它本來的樣子？哪些聲音又會影響著我們的荷爾蒙分泌物，呼吸和心跳頻率？又會有哪些聲音對我們的身體有著極大的傷害？聽聲音學家和溝通專家Julian Treasure關於聲音的演講，提升你的意識同時教你如何控制和應對自己周圍的聲音，從而提高健康身體，提高工作效率，以及給商人的四條黃金法則。
TED演講：如何控制聲音對我們的4種影響（音頻版+中英字幕版+無字幕版）
演講者：Julian Treasure | TEDGlobal 2009
主 題：The 4 ways sound affects us
整 理：tedtalking
中英字幕版
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Over the next five minutes, my intention is to transform your relationship with sound. Let me start with the observation that most of the sound around us is accidental, and much of it is unpleasant. (Traffic noise) We stand on street corners, shouting over noise like this, and pretending that it doesn't exist. Well, this habit of suppressing sound has meant that our relationship with sound has become largely unconscious.
在接下來的5分鐘裡 我想把你們與聲音的關係作個轉變 首先，請允許我以這樣的觀察開始，我發現大多數圍繞我們的聲音是偶然性的。 並且許多聲音也是不愉悅的。（交通的噪音） 我們站在街巷的角落，像這樣蓋過噪音來說話， 就當那噪音不存在一樣。 好，這樣一種壓制其他聲音的習慣意味著我們 與聲音的關係變得更無意識了
There are four major ways sound is affecting you all the time, and I'd like to raise them in your consciousness today. First is physiological. (Loud alarm clocks) Sorry about that. I've just given you a shot of cortisol, your fight/flight hormone. Sounds are affecting your hormone secretions all the time, but also your breathing, your heart rate -- which I just also did -- and your brainwaves.
聲音通過這樣4種主要的方式一直影響著你們 而今天我想喚起你們對於聲音的知覺。 首先聲音是生理的。（鬧鈴聲） （對剛才突然的聲音表示）抱歉。我剛給了你們一記皮質醇（荷爾蒙)你們的的衝擊， 這樣的聲音一直影響著你們的荷爾蒙分泌物， 但同時你們的呼吸，你們的心跳頻率，就像我剛才那樣 還有你們的腦電波
It's not just unpleasant sounds like that that do it. This is surf. (Ocean waves) It has the frequency of roughly 12 cycles per minute. Most people find that very soothing, and, interestingly, 12 cycles per minute is roughly the frequency of the breathing of a sleeping human. There is a deep resonance with being at rest. We also associate it with being stress-free and on holiday.
對它們而言這聲音不僅僅是不愉悅。 這是拍岸浪花的聲音（大海的波） 它有著大約每分鐘12轉的頻率 許多人覺得那聲音非常撫慰人心的， 而，有趣的是，12轉每分鐘的頻率 恰巧是一個沉睡著的人的呼吸頻率, 從而形成了這樣一種與人類休息時的共鳴。 我們也將此與其他的狀態聯繫起來：比如沒有壓力的時候， 又如放假之時。
The second way in which sound affects you is psychological. Music is the most powerful form of sound that we know that affects our emotional state. (Albinoni's Adagio) This is guaranteed to make most of you feel pretty sad if I leave it on. Music is not the only kind of sound, however, which affects your emotions.
第二種聲音影響你們方式是心理上的。 音樂是我們所知道的最能 影響著我們情緒的一種聲音表現形式。（悠緩小提琴） 這樣的聲音一定會讓你們都感到有些傷感 如果我一直放下去。 然而，音樂並不是唯一的一種影響著你們情緒的聲音形式。
Natural sound can do that too. Birdsong, for example, is a sound which most people find reassuring. (Birds chirping) There is a reason for that. Over hundreds of thousands of years we've learned that when the birds are singing, things are safe. It's when they stop you need to be worried.
自然之音亦有此效。 比如鳥鳴，這種聲音對於大多數人而言 都是一種安慰。（鳥鳴） 這正是在經歷了成百上千年 我們認識到鳥的歌聲是安全的表現的原因。 而當它們停下也就是你們需要擔心的時候了。
The third way in which sound affects you is cognitively. You can't understand two people talking at once ("If you're listening to this version of") ("me you're on the wrong track.") or in this case one person talking twice. Try and listen to the other one. ("You have to choose which me you're going to listen to.")
第三種聲音影響著你們的方式是認知性的。 你不會同時理解兩個人在同時說話（“如果你在聽這個版本”） （“的我你就在錯誤的音軌上了”）或者在這種情況下一個人說話兩次。 嘗試聽另一個人（“你們要決定你們到底聽哪一個”）
We have a very small amount of bandwidth for processing auditory input, which is why noise like this -- (Office noise) -- is extremely damaging for productivity. If you have to work in an open-plan office like this, your productivity is greatly reduced. And whatever number you're thinking of, it probably isn't as bad as this. (Ominous music) You are one third as productive in open-plan offices as in quiet rooms. And I have a tip for you. If you have to work in spaces like that, carry headphones with you, with a soothing sound like birdsong. Put them on and your productivity goes back up to triple what it would be.
我們大腦只有很小一部分可以帶寬可以用來處理聲像的輸入 這正是為什麼如（辦公室裡）這樣的鬧聲 對於生產力有著如此巨大的破壞力 如果你要在這樣一個公開的辦公室裡工作， 你的效率就大打折扣了。 並且無論你在想著怎樣的數字，也許並不會像這樣糟糕。 (有預示作用的音樂） 你在一個開放式的辦公室裡面的效率是安靜的房間內的三分之一。 那讓我給你個小建議吧。如果你需要在那樣的開放環境下工作， 帶上你的耳機，和如鳥鳴般和諧的音樂。 在你工作的時候帶上耳機，你的效率變會恢復三倍變為它本來的樣子。
The fourth way in which sound affects us is behaviorally. With all that other stuff going on, it would be amazing if our behavior didn't change. (Techno music inside a car) So, ask yourself: Is this person ever going to drive at a steady 28 miles per hour? I don't think so. At the simplest, you move away from unpleasant sound and towards pleasant sounds. So if I were to play this -- (Jackhammer) -- for more than a few seconds, you'd feel uncomfortable; for more than a few minutes, you'd be leaving the room in droves. For people who can't get away from noise like that, it's extremely damaging for their health.
第四種聲音影響你的方式是通過行為的 當週圍有聲音的時候，如果我們的行為完全不變， 那將會是一件令人驚訝的事情了。 （♫在車裡的枯燥的聲音）所以，問問你自己吧：這人是不是準備就 一直用28英里每小時的速度開下去？我不這麼認為。 用最簡單的方式說，你會離開不舒服的聲音 並前往和諧的聲音。 所以如果我們播放這個聲音-（手提鑽）- 過不了幾秒，你們覺得不舒服了吧； 過不了幾分鐘，你們會成群結隊離開這裡。 因為人們不能擺脫這樣的噪聲， 對於他們的身體也是極大的傷害。
And that's not the only thing that bad sound damages. Most retail sound is inappropriate and accidental, and even hostile, and it has a dramatic effect on sales. For those of you who are retailers, you may want to look away before I show this slide. They are losing up to 30 percent of their business with people leaving shops faster, or just turning around on the door. We all have done it, leaving the area because the sound in there is so dreadful.
而且那並不是噪音唯一破壞的 大多數零售商發出的聲音是不正確的，隨意性的，甚至是帶有敵意的。 並且對於銷量也有著巨大的影響作用。 對於你們其中這些零售商，在我展示這些畫面前， 你們或許不想再看。 這些聲音使得生意少去了百分之三十 人們加快步伐離開商店，或者只是在門口望一望。 我們都做過這樣的事情，離開那片地域 只因為那裡的聲音太令人不快樂。
I want to spend just a moment talking about the model that we've developed, which allows us to start at the top and look at the drivers of sound, analyze the soundscape and then predict the four outcomes I've just talked about. Or start at the bottom, and say what outcomes do we want, and then design a soundscape to have a desired effect. At last we've got some science we can apply. And we're in the business of designing soundscapes.
我想只花一點點時間來談論 我們所發展而來的那個模型，那個允許我們從高處開始的模型 看一下那司機的聲音，分析下聲音的範圍， 然後預測一下我剛才所說的四種結果。 或者按下按鈕， 並說說我們希望怎樣的結果， 然後設計一個產生效果的聲音範圍 最終我們得到了我們可以應用的一些科學。 我們在設計聲音範圍的一場生意中。
Just a word on music. Music is the most powerful sound there is, often inappropriately deployed. It's powerful for two reasons. You recognize it fast, and you associate it very powerfully. I'll give you two examples. (First chord of The Beatles' "A Hard Day's Night") Most of you recognize that immediately. The younger, maybe not. (Laughter) (First two notes of "Jaws" theme) And most of you associate that with something! Now, those are one-second samples of music. Music is very powerful. And unfortunately it's veneering commercial spaces, often inappropriately. I hope that's going to change over the next few years.
關於音樂就說一句。音樂是最有威力的一種聲音 但它經常被錯誤地利用。 因為有兩個原因使其強大。首先你很快認出了它 然後你展開了瘋狂的聯想。 我來給你兩個例子（甲殼蟲的音樂“A HARD DAY'S NIGHT”的第一個和絃） 你們中大多數的人馬上就認出了這調 年輕人，也許沒有認出吧（笑） （"Jaws"主題的前兩個音符）大多數人會聯繫到什麼吧！ 現在，這些都是一秒的音樂的樣品。 音樂很強大。但是不幸的是 音樂總是為一些用來裝飾那些不適合的商業場合。 我希望在未來幾年有些變化
Let me just talk about brands for a moment, because some of you run brands. Every brand is out there making sound right now. There are eight expressions of a brand in sound. They are all important. And every brand needs to have guidelines at the center. I'm glad to say that is starting to happen now. (Intel ad jingle) You all recognize that one. (Nokia ringtone) This is the most-played tune in the world today. 1.8 billion times a day, that tune is played. And it cost Nokia absolutely nothing.
讓我們先談論一會兒商標品牌， 因為你們中有些事經營品牌企業的。所有的品牌如今 都要有自己的主題音樂。 在品牌聲音中有8種表現方式。 他們都很重要。並且所有的品牌都需要把自己的準則放在中心地位。 我很高興地表示現在這一切就要發生了。 （因特爾廣告的叮噹聲） 你們都認得出那個聲音。（諾基亞鈴聲）這個是 如今世界上被播放最多的調子了。 這個鈴聲每天被播放18億次。 並且對於諾基亞而言他們什麼也沒花什麼錢。
Just leave you with four golden rules, for those of you who run businesses, for commercial sound. First, make it congruent, pointing in the same direction as your visual communication. That increases impact by over 1,100 percent. If your sound is pointing the opposite direction, incongruent, you reduce impact by 86 percent. That's an order of magnitude, up or down. This is important. Secondly, make it appropriate to the situation. Thirdly, make it valuable. Give people something with the sound. Don't just bombard them with stuff. And, finally, test and test it again. Sound is complex. There are many countervailing influences. It can be a bit like a bowl of spaghetti: sometimes you just have to eat it and see what happens.
這就給你們這些經商的人留下了四條黃金法則， 關於商業音調。 首先，有一致性， 和你們的視覺畫面要達到相同方向的溝通效果 這大概能增加百分之1100的影響力。 如果你那聲音和畫面不一致，指向相反方向， 你會減少百分之86的魅力 那是上下數量級的差別啊 這非常重要 其二 ，將其變得適合場景 第三，使其有用。給人們一些除了聲音之外的東西 不要僅僅用聲音來砌合事物 最後，反覆反覆的測試 聲音很複雜。有許多抵消的作用。 就如一大碗通心粉： 有時候你得吃了它才知道會發生什麼。
So I hope this talk has raised sound in your consciousness. If you're listening consciously, you can take control of the sound around you. It's good for your health. It's good for your productivity. If we all do that we move to a state that I like to think will be sound living in the world. I'm going to leave you with a little bit more birdsong. (Birds chirping) I recommend at least five minutes a day, but there is no maximum dose. Thank you for lending me your ears today.
所以我希望這個關於聲音的演講可以提升你的意識 如果你用心聽， 你可以控制自己周圍的聲音 這對你的身體有好處。這對你的效率也有好處。 如果我們都那麼做，我們就進入了 一個在世上聽上去存在的境界 我會給你們留下更多的一些些鳥鳴之歌。（鳥鳴叫） 我推薦你們每天至少聽5分鐘，但是沒有上限 謝謝你們今天借給了我你們的耳朵。
(Applause)
（掌聲）
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