[語法點津]
現在完成時的被動語態強調一個發生在過去的被動性動作持續到現在或對現在造成的影響或結果。
一、現在完成時的被動語態的構成
have/has＋been＋及物動詞的過去分詞
二、現在完成時的被動語態的形式
1．肯定式：主語＋have/has＋been＋及物動詞的過去分詞＋其他。
The door has already been locked.
門早已經被鎖上了。
2．否定式：主語＋have/has＋not＋been＋及物動詞的過去分詞＋其他。
The children haven't been told the good news yet.
孩子們還沒有被告知這個好消息。
3．一般疑問式：Have/Has＋主語＋been＋及物動詞的過去分詞＋其他？
Has his new novel been translated into English yet?
他的新小說被譯成英語了嗎？
4．特殊疑問式：特殊疑問詞＋have/has＋主語＋been＋及物動詞的過去分詞＋其他？
How long has the house been built?
這所房子建了多久了？
三、現在完成時的被動語態的主要用法
1．表示過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響與結果。當動詞為短暫性動詞時，可與already或yet連用，但不能與for或since引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用。
The work has already been completed.
這項工作已完成。
2．表示一個被動的動作或狀態開始於過去，持續到現在，並有可能持續下去，常與for或since引導的時間狀語連用，或用於How long...？句型中。
My car has been repaired for two days.
我的車已被修理了兩天。
The house has been painted since the family moved out.
自從這一家人搬出，這所房子已被粉刷。
3．用在時間或條件等狀語從句中，表示將來某時已完成的動作，即用現在完成時的被動語態代替將來完成時的被動語態。
You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.
你的任務一完成就可以回家。
四、應注意的問題
1．注意現在完成時的被動語態的兩個助動詞，即have/has和been，兩者缺一不可。
2．注意與一般過去時的被動語態的區別。一般過去時的被動語態所表示的動作或狀態與現在情況沒有聯繫，而現在完成時的被動語態則強調與現在情況的聯繫。
This novel was finished last year.
這部小說是去年完成的
This novel has been finished.
這部小說已經完成了。
3．非延續性動詞在現在完成時的被動語態中的運用。
非延續性動詞，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等構成的現在完成時的被動語態不能與for或since引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用，但可與already或yet連用。這類動詞的否定式可表示動作的持續過程，具有持續性，因而可與since或for構成的時間狀語連用。
[誤]How long has this book been bought?
[正]How long ago was this book bought?
但這類動詞的否定式可表示動作的持續過程，具有連續性，因而可與since或for引導的時間狀語連用。如：
No books have been bought since last week.
自上週以來，沒有人來買過書。
4．動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體，在被動結構中要保持完整性，不可省略動詞短語中的介詞或副詞。
The orphan has been looked after by his neighbours.
這個孤兒一直由鄰居們照顧。
The problem has been paid enough attention to.
這個問題已經被給予了足夠的重視。
[高考真題]
用所給動詞的適當形式填空
1．(2015·天津卷)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement ________(reach) so far by the two sides.
2．(北京卷)Shakespeare's play Hamlet ________(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.
3．(天津卷)In the last few years thousands of films ________ all over the world.(produce)
4．(福建卷)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they ________(promise) before leaving their hometowns.
5．(天津卷)We won't start the work until all the preparations ________(make)．
[對點訓練]
Ⅰ.用所給動詞的適當形式填空
1．Great changes ________ (take place) in my village since 2012.
2．The tickets ________ (already sell) out.You won't get one as you want.
3．________ the photo ________ (develop) yet? If not，you'd better get it ready as soon as possible.
4．—Are you going to the party?
—No，I ________(not invite) yet.
5．More than a dozen students in that school ________(send) to study medicine last year.
6．More than 5,000 used bikes ________(collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation.
7．Every possible means ________(try) to stop the bad behavior，but they don't work at all.
8．Over the past ten years，this town ________(hit) twice by earthquakes.
9．—Will the lecture be held at 4 o'clock this afternoon?
—No.It ________ (put off) till tomorrow afternoon.
10．Her novel is very popular among people of all ages；so far it ________ (translate) into 25 languages.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The freeway ____________ because of the heavy snow.
由於大雪，高速公路已經被封閉。
2．Large numbers of trees ____________ to grow more grain.
為了多種一些穀物，很多樹被砍掉了。
3．As for the English Speaking Competition，when and where it will be held ____________ yet.
至於英語演講比賽，舉辦的時間和地點還沒有確定。
4．They ____________ the exciting news yet，have they?
他們還沒有被告知這個令人興奮的消息，是嗎？
閱讀更多 雲中w漫步 的文章
