SCI喜歡的文章該怎麼寫 – Material and Method

“All experiments were performed at the Massachusetts General Hospital according toNIH and European animal care guidelines, following the general procedures as employed at a different laboratory (Vanduffel et al., 2001).”

樣本選擇的可信度也是需要明確的。

“By using the same sample as XXX et al, a total of XX demographically matched patients with SZ with AVHs, XX patients with SZ without AVHs, and XX healthy control subjects were included in the experiment between Date1 and Date2.”

這裡要清楚地描述參與者是如何被選擇的,包含選擇和排除的標準,以及對照樣本的調整。

“Inclusion criteria were clinically definite MS according to the revised ‘McDonald criteria’ of 2005 and age between 18 and 60 years. Exclusion criteria were other neurological diseases (patients as well as healthy volunteers) and recent relapses (<3 months).”

2.Material and Methods – 材料和方法。

我們常常會引用別人成熟且被廣泛認可的實驗方法。在引用的時候,有這麼幾種說法:

SCI喜歡的文章該怎麼寫 – Material and Method

在介紹實驗材料、試驗程序以及所用技術的時候可以採用如下方法:指定使用的試劑和儀器(包括型號,製造商名稱和地點)。

E.g. “All data were acquired on a Siemens 7 T Magnetom system, 3 T Trio, or 3 T customized HCP Skyra system using standard 32-channel receive coil arrays.”

運用到的藥品和試劑一定要描述地非常清晰,包括使用劑量和攝入方式。

詳細說明做了什麼和具體步驟。描述所使用的程序和分析方法。如果是常用的已知的被廣泛承認的方法,不用太囉嗦;但凡有一點變動,就要交代的非常清楚。

應該指示出實驗中,哪些是從屬/受控的變量,哪些是獨立的/測量出的變量。

E.g. ‘’Functional data were acquired with a three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled echo sequence with the following parameters: 176 images (repetition time =1,900 ms, echo time =2.26 ms, thickness =1.0 mm, gap =0.5 mm, acquisition matrix =256×256, field of view =250×250 mm, flip angle =9°) were obtained. Also, 240 functional images (repetition time =2,000 ms, echo time =30 ms, thickness =4.0 mm, gap =1.2 mm, acquisition matrix =64×64, flip angle =90°, field of view =220×220 mm, 29 axial) were obtained.”

條款和措施。 明確指出研究中使用的操作定義,分類標準和診斷等。

如果引用了標準的方法,請給出引用的參考。

E.g. “A 6-levelscore was used to address motion artefacts and homogeneity of the images: Motion Artefacts: 0: none, 1: almost not noticeable, 2: incidental motion, 3: some artefacts, 4: multiple artefacts, needs careful analysis, 5: high numbers of artefacts, precluding valid analysis. Homogeneity: 0: good homogeneity, 1: almost homogeneous images, 2: minorheterogeneity close to skull base and in temporal lobes, 3: heterogeneous signal at multiple locations, 4: high number of heterogeneous areas, 5: highly heterogeneous images, no valid analysis possible.”

樣本量。

這部分可以單獨寫,也可以寫在受試對象subject部分,當然最好在數據統計部分寫清楚。鄭重其事地說明本研究在正確的樣本空間中使用了正確的公式計算。許多論文被拒是因為樣本量太小,不具備足夠的說服力。

數據管理:簡要描述如何收集和驗證數據。

數據質量如何保證?描述所使用的盲選法的類型(如果有的話)。

E.g. “A custom-built head coil cushion and earplugs were used to minimize head motion and dampen noise from the imaging unit. During data acquisition, subjects were asked to remain awake with their eyes closed and to keep their head still. Two hundred forty images were acquired, out of which four initial images were discarded. None of the patients reported the presence of AVHs during MR imaging; we therefore defined the current research as a trait study, as described by Jardri et al, used to investigate the neural substrates of the susceptibility to experience AVHs in patients with SZ. Further data analysis was performed under the instruction of two experienced radiologists (with 12 and 29 years of experience in MR research and neuroimaging, respectively)”. (Cui. et al. Radiology, 2017)

統計分析應自成段落。圍繞著研究的目標和假設,按照應用順序描述統計測試。通常的順序如下:

首先提出被研究對象和對照人群的描述性統計,然後描述人群之間和之內的比較測試,隨後描述關聯的測試描述效應或關係。 在進行成對比較之前,使用全局測試的多重比較(例如ANOVA v t檢驗)。具體的對統計分析的解釋和描述不在本文的覆蓋範圍內,拿不準的時候可以去找自己周圍的專家諮詢,而且最好是在實驗開始前就已經已經確定下來, 並在初稿成型後不斷的檢驗和完善。因為這一段會是挑剔的審稿人集中找毛病的地方,各位作者一定要千萬謹慎。

最後,著重介紹一下容易犯錯的地方。

a)細節描述太多。其實只需要包括讓讀者重新創建實驗所需的內容即可。

b)在本節開頭就詳細列出實驗所需的所有材料。實際上只需要在之後分段描述實驗過程中提及使用的材料和設備即可。

c)未能描述數據管理手段和如何保證數據質量。

d)統計技術的描述不夠充分。

e)需要包括對照實驗的時候沒有包含。

最後的最後,為大家提供一個checklist,當寫完M&M部分的時候,請逐條對照檢查。

A.這部分最多約1000個字(長度根據投稿要求變換;很多雜誌甚至最後會將整個段落用小字置於正文最後);

B.寫了本研究足夠多的細節,可供別的科研工作者複製實驗;

C.使用副標題來澄清陳述(副標題會是有檢驗的編輯,資深審稿人們最早檢查的內容之一,萬萬不可輕視);

D.陳述了數據收集的研究設計和方法;

E.以明確的方式描述了招募受試者的方法;

F.解決了倫理問題;

G.描述了數據的質量保證;

H.清楚地描述程序,引用和參考了已有的方法和/或過程;

I.提供術語和標準操作的定義,並定義所使用的統計術語,縮略語,符號等;

J.證明統計功效和樣本大小,描述統計參數和應用的測試; 並區分描述性和推理性統計;

K.描述正確使用測量參數和統計水平;

關於M&M部分,它應該在研究開始之前寫,至少不要遲於首次試驗研究。在開始撰寫到最後定稿之前,都應該不斷重新審視試驗方法部分並修訂(如有必要),使其與報告的結果保持一致。不是所有的實驗都需要包含在一篇論文中,刪除與當前研究想要表達主題無關的內容。M&M的一個重要功能就是,向別人展示,解釋自己的研究方法。很多時候,別的科研工作者會利用你提供的數據來嘗試著重複你的實驗, 任何的不明確,模稜兩可都會讓你的文章質量和可信度在編輯、審稿人以及讀者心中大打折扣。這一段其實是最講究套路,而又最沒有討論的部分,希望大家自己慢慢體會。

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SCI喜歡的文章該怎麼寫 – Material and Method


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