“素三彩”是瓷器釉上彩繪品種之一,創燒於明代成化年景德鎮窯;素三彩一詞最先出現在清末寂園叟《陶雅》中：“西人以康熙黃、茄、綠,三色之瓷品為素三彩”，其中的“三”代表多數，並無特定含意;素三彩中的“素”有兩種含意：一種為該器使用“素胎”燒製；“素胎”是陶瓷生坯沒有上釉前預燒的胎，它既可增強坯體機械強度，使其在搬運時不容易損壞，又可在上彩釉時不會因浸溼坯體而導致坼裂；另一種則是古代有紅為葷色，因色彩中沒有紅彩而得名。素三彩瓷要二次燒成：第一次是燒素瓷，要在 1250℃以上的高溫燒成；第二次是燒彩瓷，即在燒成的素瓷上畫彩畫，然後再以850℃—950℃的低溫燒彩，所以它又是一種釉上低溫彩瓷器。
"Su San Cai" is one of the types of porcelain glaze painting, which was created in the Jingdezhen Kiln of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty; The term "Su Sancai" first appeared in the late Qing Dynasty silent garden "Taoya": "The West people use Kangxi yellow, eggplant, green, and tricolor porcelain products as the three colors." Among them, "three" represents the majority, and there is no specific meaning; The "prime" in the three colors has two meanings: one is to use the "prime tire" for the device; The "prime tire" is a tire that the ceramic raw billet does not pre-burn before glazing. It can not only enhance the mechanical strength of the billet, but also make it less easily damaged during handling, and it can not be caused by soaking the wet billet when glazing; The other is that in ancient times there was red as a color, and it was named after there was no red color in the color. The three-color porcelain is to be burned twice: the first time is to burn the porcelain, and it is to be burned at a high temperature above 1250 °C; The second time is burning colored porcelain, that is, painted on the sintered plain porcelain, and then fired at a low temperature of 850 °C -950 °C, so it is also a kind of glazed low-temperature colored porcelain.
與明代製品相比，清代御廠製作更趨細緻、複雜化。清初部分素三彩瓷逐漸使用黑彩勾勒代替以往的雕刻劃線，使畫面更精緻，製品更加多種多樣， 清康熙時，素三彩得到很大發展，又衍生出許多新的品種，素三彩器物除了有黃地、綠地、紫地外，又創燒了墨地、米黃地、藕荷地等色地和狀如虎斑紋的“虎皮素三彩”等新品種。在這些素三彩器中，均以康熙時期墨地素三彩器最為尊貴。
Compared with the Ming Dynasty products, the production of imperial factories in the Qing Dynasty was more detailed and complicated. In the early Qing Dynasty, some of the three-color porcelain gradually used the black color to outline instead of the previous carving lines, making the picture more exquisite and the products more diverse. During the Qing Emperor Kangxi, the three-color color was greatly developed, and many new varieties were derived. In addition to the yellow land, green space, and purple land, the three-color artifacts have also created new varieties such as the Modi, Mihuangdi, and the lotus land, and the tiger's stripes. Among these three colored objects, the most noble ones were the Modesin tricolor during the Kangxi period.
我國曆代陶窯鑑定家都認定“五彩以描金為貴，三彩以墨色質地為貴”清·寂圓叟《雅陶》一書中說，黑彩主要著色元素是鐵、錳、鈷和銅，系用鈷土礦和銅花片配製而成，玻璃質感強，光亮，常用於大面積的填色。上海書店出版社2004年9月1版《明清釉上彩瓷器》中記載：“墨地素三彩，也是康熙時首創的，且是最為精彩的品種。……此均為民窯產品，傳世極稀，屬極為名貴品種。墨地三彩在當時僅供居喪守孝之用。”
In the book "Yatao", the main coloring elements of black color are iron, manganese, cobalt and copper. It is made of cobalt earth ore and copper flower pieces. The glass has a strong texture and is bright. It is often used for large areas of color filling. Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House, September 1, 2004, "Mingqing Glazed Porcelains" records: "The ink is three colors, which was also the first of its kind in Kangxi and is the most exciting variety. This is all for the people's kiln products, handed down to the world is extremely rare, is an extremely valuable species. Modi Sancai was only used for mourning and filial piety at that time. "
素三彩中以墨地最為名貴，主要用作奠祀之禮。製作時，先在器物上施以綠釉，復施黑色釉即為光亮鮮明的墨地，是其特有的色澤；再以泛紫的深黑筆跡勾描禽鳥、花卉等圖案，留白紋飾範圍處施以黃、紫、綠等色釉，方始一器，工藝繁縟之極，故後世殊不敢仿。陳瀏的《陶雅》曾有這樣的論述“康熙黑釉之大瓶上畫梅花，筆意粗惡，西人目為三彩，每一隻動輒萬餘金”。我們再證諸《飲流齋》的論說：“茄黃綠三色繪成花紋者，謂之素三彩，以墨地為最貴……西人嗜此，身價極高，一瓶之值，輒以萬金，以怪獸為奇特，人物次之，若花鳥價亦不貲也。”據陶瓷鑑定大師耿寶昌回憶，20世紀50年代，國家文物局、故宮博物院曾下文在全國各地徵集搜尋素三彩器物，但所獲甚微。據琉璃廠老人回憶，真品康熙素三彩大件在民國時期就已罕見，尤其是康熙黑地素三彩，即便是一件殘口的大瓶，當時就可值1萬大洋，足見其之貴重。
The most valuable place in the three colors is the ink, which is mainly used as a ritual. At the time of production, green glaze is first applied to the artifacts, and the black glaze is a bright and vivid ink, which is its unique color; In addition, the pattern of birds, flowers and other patterns was traced in the dark black handwriting of pan-purple, and yellow, purple, and green glazes were applied to the range of white ornaments. Chenliu's "Taoya" once stated that "the black glaze of Kangxi painted plum blossoms on the bottle, the pen is coarse and evil, the Western people are triple-colored, and each one is more than 10,000 gold." We once again testified to the theory of "Drinking Liu Zhai": "The color of the eggplant yellow and green is painted as a pattern, that is, the three colors of the color, with the ink as the most expensive ... The people of the West like this, the value of the bottle is extremely high, and the value of the bottle is 10,000 gold., Monsters are strange, followed by characters, if the price of flowers and birds is not too expensive. According to Gengbaochang, a master of ceramic identification, in the 1950s, the State Administration of Cultural Relics and the Palace Museum had collected and searched for three-color artifacts throughout the country, but they received very little. According to the memory of the old man of Liulichang, the real product of Kangxi was rare during the Republic of China, especially the black color of Kangxi. Even if it was a large bottle of debris, it could be worth 10,000 oceans at that time, indicating its value.
康熙墨地素三彩器物所用之彩料均為明末所遺礦彩，亦稱 “古 彩 ” 或 “ 硬彩 ” 。 古 彩是 一種傳統 瓷器釉上古老 的裝飾方 法， 起源於明代 ，成熟於清代， 又稱 “ 五彩 ” 、 大明五彩 ” 、 “ 康 熙五 彩 ” 、 ” ， “ 硬彩 ” 等，是我 國陶瓷裝飾藝術中 一門優秀 的傳統裝飾， 由於它具有獨特的 風格特點， 精湛的藝術造詣， 豐富的藝術語言 表現， 歷來為國內外陶 鑑賞家和收藏家所 推崇。“ 古彩” 是 以紅、 黃、 綠、藍、 紫等各 種帶玻璃釉 質的彩料，按圖案 紋飾需要 施於釉上， 二 次焙 燒 而成的一種釉彩 ； 它的特點是燒製溫度高於粉彩，直接以純料作彩繪填色，其色彩細膩， 明淨 晶 瑩， 器物色彩渾厚堆垛， 質潔堅硬， 色調 對比強烈， 有“彩硬”的搪瓷韻味；色 彩 質地靜穆柔和、珠豔明晰，玻璃質感強，有“緊披感”；其綠彩清澈若湖水，黃彩嬌豔若向日葵，墨彩堅硬如生漆，光可鑑影。
The color materials used in Kangxi's ink trichromatic artifacts are all the remains of the late Ming Dynasty, also known as "ancient color" or "hard color." Ancient color is an ancient decorative method on the traditional porcelain glaze. It originated in the Ming Dynasty and matured in the Qing Dynasty. It is also known as "multicolored", "Daming multicolored", "Kangxi multicolored", "and" hard color ". It is an excellent traditional decoration in China's ceramic decorative arts. Because of its unique style, superb artistic accomplishments, and rich artistic language, it has always been respected by domestic and foreign pottery connoisseurs and collectors. "Ancient color" is a kind of glaze color made of red, yellow, green, blue, purple and other kinds of glazed materials. It is applied to the glaze according to the pattern decoration and needs to be baked twice. Its characteristic is that the firing temperature is higher than the pastel, and it is directly painted with pure materials. Its color is delicate, clear and crystal, the color of the artifacts is thick and stacked, the quality is clean and hard, and the color contrast is strong. There is a "hard" enamel flavor; The color color texture is quiet and soft, the Pearl is clear, the glass texture is strong, and there is a "tight feel"; Its green color is clear if the lake, Huangcaijiaoyan, ink is hard as raw paint, light can be reflected.
素三彩瓷大多是官窯器，唯有康熙時期的墨地素三彩瓷是民窯器，但其比官窯素三彩瓷更為珍稀。墨地素三彩乃燒自民窯，釉質粗糙，砂底無釉，器身無款，何以名貴如此，這一疑竇並不自今日始，《飲流齋說瓷》的許之衡就曾指出：“瓷質較粗，底多沙眼，而視同拱璧，殆有解人難索者矣。”這是由於許之衡先生對墨地素三彩未作深層次的探討和研究，難怪他發出這“解人難索”的嘆息了。
Most of the three-color porcelain is an official kiln. Only the Modi three-color porcelain in the Kangxi period is a folk kiln, but it is more rare than the official kiln three-color porcelain. The ink color is burned from the people's kiln, the glaze is rough, the sand bottom has no glaze, and the body has no money. Why is this expensive? This suspicious sinus does not start today, and Xuzhiheng of "Drinking Water and Saying porcelain" once pointed out: "The porcelain is thicker, the bottom is more trachoma, And as the same arch, there are people who are difficult to solve. "This is because Mr. Xuzhiheng did not make a deep discussion and study of the three colors of the ink. No wonder he issued this sigh of" difficult to solve ".
文中圖片均為實物拍攝，此件藏品品相完好，極具收藏價值。目前此藏品已被本公司藏品庫收錄，將會參加2019英國春季拍賣會以及亞洲最大一艘郵輪進行三天兩夜展，歡迎有興趣的客戶熱烈舉牌競價。
The pictures in the article are all physical photographs. This piece of collection is intact and has great collection value. At present, this collection has been included in the collection collection of the company. It will participate in the 2019 British Spring Auction and the largest cruise ship in Asia for three days and two nights. Interested customers are welcome to bid enthusiastically.
閱讀更多 AAA深圳中天拍賣有限 的文章
