英國集裝箱藏屍案被曝死者可能有一部分來自越南，已有14個越南家庭報案稱家庭成員疑似在英國失蹤。英國廣播公司(BBC)26日報道稱，在重重謎團的背後，可能是人均單次可達近4萬英鎊(約合35萬元人民幣)的偷渡費用。
It has been estimated that networks from Vietnam are smuggling around 18,000 people a year to Europe, but fewer than 1,000 a year to the United States.
According to the UN, Vietnamese migrants may have generated $300m (£234m) a year for smugglers to take them to Europe.
Ms Vu, an expert on anti-trafficking in Vietnam from Ho Chi Minh City, says prospective migrants can pay a range of prices. For those with less money - $10,000 to $15,000 (£7,800 to £11,600) - the journey is "more arduous" and could, for example, include stints of walking across forests at night.
But those who can afford to pay more - $40,000 to $50,000 (£31,000 to £39,000) - would travel mostly by plane.
英國廣播公司(BBC)26日報道稱，每年有約1.8萬越南人偷渡到歐洲，目的是掙錢養家。根據聯合國數據，越南移民每年付給人口走私犯的錢可能達到2.34億英鎊(約合21億元人民幣)。反人口販賣專家武女士(Mimi Vu)介紹，偷渡費用因人而異。對於沒什麼錢的人來說，費用大致在7800~11600英鎊左右(約7萬~10萬元人民幣)，而這個“價位”的旅途會“更艱辛”，甚至可能會涉及夜間徒步穿越叢林;但較為富裕的人則可申請申根簽證借道巴黎，大多是乘坐飛機，花費約在3萬到3.9萬英鎊(約合27萬~35萬元人民幣)。
"But no matter what kind of 'class' of travel you choose, you are still going to end up at a border and still going to be snuck in in the back of a lorry or on a ferry," Ms Vu says.
In fact, China, together with France, Russia, Germany and Poland, are among the common transit countries for Vietnamese migrants who attempt to travel to the UK.
Many may stop in these transit countries, such as Ukraine or Poland, where they are asked to work in exploitative conditions to either finance the next leg of their journey or make money for their traffickers.
The last leg of the journey is likely from France. Here, people could pay a smuggler to be hidden in a secret compartment of a truck, or hide themselves in a truck close to the harbour without the driver noticing.
“但不管選擇哪個‘級別’的‘服務’，你最後都只能躲在卡車或渡船裡。”武女士介紹，有些越南人會選擇途經中國、俄羅斯、波蘭、法國、德國等國，甚至可能停留在“中轉國”打工掙下一段路的旅費，或是為走私犯掙錢。而最後一站往往選在法國，偷渡客可以付錢讓走私犯將他們藏在卡車貨箱中而不被司機發現。
A sum of £30,000 is the equivalent of 30 years' salary for someone living in a rural area in Vietnam, Ms Vu says.
It's "an astronomical sum", she adds, but some families believe it is worth it "because they believe this is the best way for them or their child to have a better future".
"Vietnam is a very family-centric culture and everything is done for the family."
“越南有著非常以家族為中心的文化，一切都是為了家人。”武女士表示，3萬英鎊相當於一名越南農民30年的收入，是個“天文數字”。為了支付這筆鉅款，許多越南家庭甚至不惜變賣家產或借債。但他們相信這筆錢是值得的，“因為這可能是他們小孩爭取光明前途的最佳途徑。”
According to the UN, while the country has enjoyed significant reductions in poverty at a national level, it is unequal across population groups and regions.
"Most of the migrants who go to Europe and the UK from Vietnam actually only come from a handful of provinces in Vietnam," says Mimi Vu, an expert on anti-trafficking in Vietnam from Ho Chi Minh City.
Once they're in the UK, there is high demand for low-skilled labour in Vietnamese restaurants, nail salons and the illicit cannabis industry.
BBC稱，儘管越南經濟發展迅速，總體減貧效果顯著，但地區間的發展仍不均衡，存在巨大的勞動力過剩。武女士介紹說，“實際上，在從越南去往歐洲和英國的移民中，大多數都來自數得過來的幾個省份”，而這些地區在過去數十年中一直有移民海外掙錢養家的傳統。但是在英國，越南餐廳、美甲沙龍和非法大麻種植業等行業都對越南低端勞動力有著很大的需求。
For Vietnamese migrants, the UK is probably the most popular destination in Europe, says Dr Tamsin Barber, a lecturer in political sociology at Oxford-Brookes University, who specialises in migration and the British-Vietnamese population.
They know if they come to the UK they're likely to be able to secure work and possibly quite a lot of money to send back to their families in Vietnam, she says.
There's also a wide network of Vietnamese people who are already in the UK who can help newcomers with accommodation and employment.
Dr Barber adds, "there is - at the moment - no legal route in for low-skilled Vietnamese migrants working in the UK, so this is obviously having to be done through very circuitous and precarious journeys".
關於越南人為什麼選擇英國，牛津布魯克斯大學政治社會學講師塔姆辛•巴伯博士分析稱，一方面偷渡者知道他們在英國很有可能會找到工作，還能寄錢回老家;另一方面，已經在英國工作生活的越南人可以在住宿和就業上提供幫助，他們已經形成了龐大的人脈網絡。但是“對於越南低端勞動者，目前並沒有合法的工作居留渠道”，偷渡是他們眼中“在海外掙錢的唯一機會”。
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