在大多數人都被互聯網束縛在手機和電腦屏幕前的當代，產生負面情緒或面對巨大壓力時，人們總是選擇在虛擬世界中釋放自己。棄實向虛的網絡經濟與時代浪潮，在實體經濟飽受衝擊的當下，怎麼樣的城市公共空間才能讓人們走到戶外，怎麼樣的公園才能成為人們適合去、樂意去的解壓地？
In contemporary society, various people are chained to their cell phones and computer screens by the Internet。Most of them choose to release their negative emotions and great pressure in the virtual world instead of in the reality. In the context of Internet economy prevailing and real economy depressed, what kind of urban public space can attract people to outdoors? How to design a “beloved” park helping people to relieve their pressure?
▼公園整體鳥瞰圖，overall bird-eye’s view of the park ©日野
什麼才是受歡迎的現代公園 ？
What is the popular modern park like?
位於貴州安順市核心區與虹山水庫之間的虹山湖公園最早建成於1985年，當時這個面積僅有2公頃的”袖珍公園”，卻憑藉著湖光山色、遊輪遊樂設施創下節日期間接待遊客1萬餘人的最好成績，也一度成為安順市民休閒遊玩的最佳場所。之後的幾十年裡公園面積不斷擴大，2017年虹山湖還被批准為國家4A級旅遊景區，所以光顧這處公園的外地遊客也越來越多。如何將作為安順旅遊核心節點，同時也是連接城市與自然的虹山湖公園打造成一個受歡迎的現代公園，從一開始，設計團隊就面對人與自然兩個方面的重要挑戰：其一，關於人。對於有“安順城市會客廳”之稱的虹山公園來說，它既要滿足當地市民的日常休閒需求，又要有足夠的看點能留住外地遊客。其二，關於自然。貴州安順是中國喀斯特地貌分佈最集中、最明顯的地區，如何克服複雜的地形地貌，讓設計與原有的生態環境相融合，也是設計師必須面對的難題。
Hongshan lake civil park is located in the middle area between Guizhou Anshun CBD and the Hongshan reservoir. It was first built in 1985, and at that time, the “pocket park” with an area of only 2 hectares set a record of receiving more than 10,000 tourists during the festival thanks to the scenery of lakes and the fun of cruise rides. The park became Anshun citizens’ first choice for leisure. In the following decades, the park continued to expand. In 2017, Hongshan lake was approved as a national 4A tourist attraction, so more and more tourists came to visit the park. How to turn the park, which is the famous Anshun tourist attraction and the indispensable link between the city and nature, into a popular modern one? From the very beginning, two challenging questions were thrown to the design team. One is about people. For Hongshan park, known as “Anshun city reception hall”, it not only needs to meet local citizens’ daily leisure needs, but also needs to create enough attractions to tourists. Second, about nature. Anshun is one of the most spectacular examples of karst landscapes in China. There were lots of restrictions to do the design in such complex terrain conditions. How to integrate the design with the original ecological environment is a difficult problem that designers must face.
▼虹山公園區位，Hongshan Park’s location ©奧雅設計
基於此，設計師以社會學調研作為切入手段，對周邊居民和外來遊客進行大量走訪調查。在精準獲取使用者需求的基礎上，設計團隊結合場地考察評估結果，形成微創介入的核心設計手法，將場地特徵與設計相結合，低干預、抓重點，打造一個集休閒遊樂參與於一體的綜合型生態市民公園。
In order to solve the problem, designers used a sociological research, which was conducted by many interviews with nearby residents and visitors, as the start point. After understanding the users’ requirements, based on the detailed site investigation results, the team contributed to the core design technique called minimal-invasive intervention. The design fits the characteristics of the site without unnecessary interference. The team focused on creating a comprehensive ecological public park integrating recreation and amusement.
▼公園總平面圖，site plan of the park ©奧雅設計
利用原有豎向關係、人地關係、植被關係因勢造景，輕設計、重本源。
Make use of the original vertical relationship and the preserved plant landscape, designers emphasized the origin rather than skills.
地塊高差複雜是本案設計難點之一。原場地南側現狀存在茂密林木，中部與西側最大相對高差約16米，西側和東側散落民宅。微創介入的核心設計手法被設計團隊貫徹始終，利用原有豎向關係、人地關係、植被關係因勢造景，輕設計、重本源。
The project had complex elevation differences. The maximum relative height difference between the middle and west side of the existing forest land on the south side of the park is about 16 meters. The core design technique of minimal-invasive intervention is implemented by the design team from beginning to end. Make use of the original vertical relationship and the preserved plant landscape, designers emphasized the origin rather than skills.
▼公園剖面詳解1，利用原有豎向關係、人地關係、植被關係因勢造景，the section of the park 1, making use of the original vertical relationship and the preserved plant landscape to design ©奧雅設計
▼公園剖面詳解2，the section of the park 2 ©奧雅設計
微創介入式設計 ：干預之後，仍然具有原有生態機能
Minimal-invasive intervention: after the design, the site still has the original ecological function.
什麼是微創式介入設計手法？奧雅設計團隊認為判定微創式設計，最重要的，體現在對場地干預之後，場地本身是否仍然具有原有的生態機能。它不僅是強化場地本身進化能力的有效方式，也是對自然生態系統在一定時期內的恢復能力的保護。具體來講，在虹山公園的微創式設計，體現在設計團隊利用數據模型研究地表徑流、生態廊道，對挖方/填方以及可能存在的生態風險進行判定，在重要節點因地制宜的進行結合地形地貌與功能性質的改善。
What is the minimal-invasive intervention design technique? The L&A Design believes that the core criterion for a successful minimal-invasive design is that whether the site still has the original ecological function or not. It is not only an effective way to strengthen the site’s evolutionary ability, but also a protection of natural ecosystems’ resilience. The design team used data models to study surface runoff and ecological corridors, to judge the excavation/filling and possible ecological risks, and to design based on local topography and improve the ecological functions in important area. These are the specific minimal-invasive design techniques used in the design process of Hongshan civil park.
▼微創介入式設計，the minimal-invasive intervention ©奧雅設計
場地內原有兩處低窪區，積水來源於周邊地形帶來的地表徑流和降雨，夏季洪澇嚴重。設計師將東側低窪坑塘轉化為“潮汐湖”花園，搭配圍合景牆和水生態植被，滿足了兒童的戲水需求，兼顧雨水收集調蓄的生態功能。
There were two low-lying areas in the site, and the water was collected from the surface runoff and rainfall.The standing water result in serious floods in summer. The designers transformed the low-lying pothole on the east side into a “tidal lake” garden, with enclosed landscape wall and aquatic ecological vegetation to meet the needs of children to play in the water and the ecological function of rainwater collection and storage.
▼改造後的“潮汐湖”花園，the “tidal lakes” garden after renovation ©日野
“潮汐湖”岸邊設有可以遊樂互動的疊石水景，水景的水取自“潮汐湖”內，人們可以通過阿基米德取水器裝置將水源引入水杉溼地，在一系列水循環，回到“潮汐湖”。
A playable and interactive rockery waterscape is design on the shore of the “tidal lake”. Water from the tidal lake is channeled into the metasequoia wetland through the Archimedes water extractor of the rockery waterscape design. After a series of water cycles, the water returns to the tidal lakes.
▼“潮汐湖”岸邊可以遊樂互動的疊石水景，the playable and interactive rockery waterscape on the shore of the “tidal lake” ©日野
西側地勢低窪區積水嚴重，不適宜佈置住宅建築，本質上早期規劃沒有正確理解人地關係。設計師將原有的老舊民宅移除，建造成一處雨水花園，展示海綿城市“”滲、蓄、滯、淨、用、排“的六大要點。以生態方法蓄水、淨水，需要時將水加以利用。被木棧道和燈芯草環繞的雨水花園和外形簡潔的景觀亭成為這一片區的視覺中心。從遠處望去如同一面澄澈的圓鏡，映照出兩棵現狀洋槐樹的婆娑姿態，彷彿能夠將世間萬物都收進這隅小小的空間裡。
The low-lying area on the west side of the park has serious water accumulation, which is not suitable for the layout of residential buildings. Former planning designers misunderstand the local topography. L&A Design removed the original old houses and built a rain garden to show the six key points of sponge city: infiltration, storage, stagnation, cleanness, use and discharge. Use ecological methods to store and purify water in order to establish a set of recycling water resources utilization system. An artistic and practical pavilion and a rain garden which is surrounded by wooden walkways and rushes is designed as the visual center of the area. From a distance, it looks like a clear round mirror, reflecting the swaying posture of two current locust trees, as if they could collect everything in the world into this small space.
▼被木棧道和燈芯草環繞的雨水花園和外形簡潔的景觀亭，the artistic and practical pavilion and the rain garden surrounded by wooden walkways and rushes ©日野
針對原場地較為複雜多樣的地形，設計師利用高差不同的擋牆處理石材斷面，對中部及“潮汐湖”花園附近的高坡進行了趣味的圍合。
All kinds of stone blocks with different height were used to deal with the complex elevation differences. The central area of the park including the “tidal lake” are surrounded by those interesting artistic barriers.
▼利用高差不同的擋牆處理石材斷面，stone blocks with different height are used to deal with the complex elevation differences ©日野
適應性景觀：展現真實的自然狀態
Adaptive landscape: show the real state of nature
當雨季來臨時，雨水打在植被上，植被或倒伏或傾斜，最後匯入積窪地；隨著持續的降雨，積窪地水位逐漸升高直至溢入虹山湖內……這是場地中最原始的自然狀態。設計師在設計過程中非常注重適應這種自然動態過程，力圖向使用者展現自然過程中的動態景觀。適應性景觀即因適應而產生的景觀，是奧雅設計團隊認為場地得到的最佳景觀效果。
When the rainy season comes, raindrops hit the vegetation; the vegetation is blown down by strong winds;water flows into the depression continuously; the water level gradually rises until flows into Hongshan lake……This is the most primitive natural scene of the site. The designers paid great attention to the natural circulation system in the site and tried to show it to the users. Adaptive landscape is the landscape produced after the design is adapted to the site, which is the best landscape effect a site can get.
▼公園的雨水管理和適應性景觀，the stormwater management and the adaptive landscape ©奧雅設計
重塑場地精神：煥活老空間的新靈魂
Remold the spirit of the site: a new soul to rejuvenate the old space
場地南側原為兒童公園區，年久失修、設施破敗、汙染物堆積，造成大量空間浪費。設計團隊發現這片區域綠化基底條件良好，留有許多現狀大樹，因此充分考慮地形和現狀樹是設計過程中從一而終的原則，利用現有林木進行場地的二次設計。保留老公園優良現狀大樹，延續場地記憶，同時建立起與現代人的休閒需求相適應的功能場地，重新激發綠色空間，新場地煥活老公園，現狀樹支撐新場地，相得益彰。
There is a dilapidated children’s park on the south side of the site with broken facilities and accumulation of pollutants, resulting in a lot of space is wasted. The design team found that the area was rich in natural vegetation resources and many big trees remained. According to the principle of respecting the topographic situation of the site, the design team used the existing trees to carry out the secondary design of the site. Intact trees are retained to continue the memory of the site. At the same time, the reenergized green space satisfied modern people’s leisure needs. The old scene blends with the new and the old trees support the site’s newborn. They both bring out the best in each other.
▼現狀樹支撐新場地，the old trees support the site’s newborn ©奧雅設計
▼建立與現代人的休閒需求相適應的功能場地，the reenergized green space satisfies modern people’s leisure needs ©日野
▼休閒場地夜景，night view of the reenergized green space ©林濤
場地的植物設計基於細緻的走訪調查。在充分考慮本土植物應用以展現安順地域特色的基礎上，兼顧外來遊客參觀需求，增加了觀賞性較強的植物創造打卡點，堅持生態、低成本養護和可持續原則，以“四時有景、處處皆景”為導向。
The plant design is based on careful investigation. Firstly, the design team retained Anshun native plants to show the local characteristics. After that, ornamental plants were added to attract visitors. Based on the principle of low-cost conservation and sustainability, the park was turned to have “scenery in everywhere”.
▼觀賞性較強的植物創造打卡點，the ornamental plants are added to attract visitors ©日野
▼公園的樹木和草坪，the trees and lawns in the park ©日野
觀景臺藏在一片現狀樹林中，是南向觀湖的最佳視點，鬱鬱蔥蔥，一片幽靜，新植的桂花和雞爪槭協調新舊元素，填補了群落中層。
Hidden in the forest, the viewing platform has the best south view of the lake. The newly planted Osmanthus flower and acer palmate harmonize the old and new elements.
▼觀景臺藏在一片現狀樹林中，the viewing platform is hidden in the forest ©日野
▼觀景臺夜景，night view of the viewing platform ©林濤
奇幻森林區空曠的陽光草坪襯托著周圍的現狀香樟和桂花樹，簡單的植物層次延伸了空間，拉遠了時光，給人無盡想象。
The open sunny lawn in the fantasy forest forms a visual contrast with the surrounding camphor and Osmanthus trees. The layered plant design extends the space, slows down the time, and gives people endless imagination.
▼奇幻森林區內的陽光草坪，the open sunny lawn in the fantasy forest ©日野
以現狀大雪松為中心，幾條碎拼小路，幾塊恬靜的花境，幾處坐凳，成了一處精緻有序的小空間；粉黛亂子草長成一片粉色的海洋，陽光照耀下彷彿一張朦朧的薄紗。
A few of stoned trails, flower fields and wooden benches contribute to a beautiful and delicate space around a giant cedar in center. The grass grows into a sea of pink and becomes hazy by the sunlight.
▼以現狀大雪松為中心設置碎拼小路、花境和坐凳，the stoned trails, flower fields and wooden benches are around a giant cedar in center ©林濤
▼碎拼小路、花境和坐凳形成精緻有序的小空間，the stoned trails, flower fields and wooden benches contribute to a beautiful and delicate space ©林濤
在場地植物茂盛區域，清理現場長勢不好的喬木及雜亂的下層，保留較好的現狀柳杉林，林下種植耐陰地被玉簪、蔥蘭、紫嬌花，蘆葦燈點綴其中，野趣十足。
In the area where the plants flourish, it is necessary to clean up the poorly growing trees and the messy weeds. Intact Cryptomeria fortune is retained. In the woods, shade – tolerant hairpin, zephyrettes candida and Tulbaghia vielacea are planted. Under the ornament of reed lamp, the site becomes full of wild interest.
▼林下種植耐陰地被玉簪、蔥蘭、紫嬌花佔據，蘆葦燈點綴其中，the shade-tolerant hairpin, zephyrettes candida and Tulbaghia vielacea are planted in the woods with the ornament of reed lamp ©日野
互動：兒童友好型城市山地公園
Interactive: child-friendly urban mountain park
只有在人使用的過程中，場所才有了功能，場所才能成為場所。傳統公園往往以觀光功能為主，缺乏互動體驗，虹山湖公園特別注重人與場地的互動，增強使用者的參與感。
A place can only be called a place when it is given functions in the process of being used. Traditional parks usually are only designed with sightseeing functions and lack of interactive experience. Hongshan lake park is a very interactive park and users can find many interactive experiences.
▼兒童樂園遠觀，distant view of the children’s playground ©日野
基於兒童對公園的期待，設計師在互動功能置入時充分考慮了場地原本的地形地貌，將一處面積較大的斜坡因勢利導改造成兒童攀爬地形樂園；除此之外，還在植被茂盛的地帶建造了幾處林蔭花園，為久居城市的孩子們提供更多親近自然、感受自然的機會和場所。
Based on the children’s expectations of the park, the designers took full consideration of the site’s original topography. A large slope has been transformed into a playground for children to climb. In addition, several shady gardens have been built, providing more opportunities and places for urban children to get close to nature.
▼兒童滑梯，the children’s slide ©林濤
▼將一處面積較大的斜坡因勢利導改造成兒童攀爬地形樂園，a large slope has been transformed into a playground for children to climb ©林濤
孩子是公園的活力和生機之源，一攤柔軟的細沙、幾處攀爬木樁，公園便成了他們的專屬遊樂場。通過對兒童空間的尺度、材料、趣味性等元素的研究，藉助地形處理，營建受兒童歡迎的戶外活動空間，使孩子們可以在各類非動力樂園中擴展動手能力，獲得持續的快樂。
Children are the lifeblood of the park. With a pool of soft sand and a few climbing stakes, the park becomes kids’ exclusive paradise. Through the study of the scale, material, interest and other elements of children’s space, the designed outdoor activity space becomes very popular. Children can expand their hands-on skills in a variety of non-dynamic playgrounds and have constant fun.
▼攀爬木樁，the climbing stakes ©日野
找尋人與自然更好的共處模式是設計的初衷。通過參與式、在地式的設計手法，塑造功能各異的場景，使不同年齡段的人都可以參與進來，讓虹山公園成為本地居民生態、健康、趣味的生活容器。
The original intention of the design is to find a better coexistence mode between man and nature. Through participatory and ground-based design, different scenes with various functions were designed to make sure that people of different ages can participate in it. Hongshan park becomes an ecological, healthy and interesting life container for residents.
▼不同年齡段的人參與進公園，people of different ages can participate in the park ©日野
生活的容器：城市有機更新的活力空間
Container of life: the dynamic space of urban organic renewal
公園是充滿生活氣息的地方，在公園中能夠最快觸及本地居民最真實的生活狀態。設計師最大限度保留了場地原有特徵，對原本雜亂的場地進行整理提升，將其改造成為一處更加親民的活力空間，讓使用者在公園中能夠以最舒服的方式與自然對話。不需過多的設計、不加繁雜的裝飾，生活的美好便藏進了一草一木之中。在公園內構築物建造上，秉持簡潔，將地形與覆土建築結合，用幾何語言強調構築物與環境的關係，塑造現代風格。
The park is full of life atmosphere. In the park, tourists can quickly touch the most real life of residents. The designer maximally retained the original features of the site, and reorganized and upgrade the messy ground condition. It was transformed into a more friendly and dynamic space. Users can communicate with nature in the most comfortable way. without overmuch details and multifarious ornaments, the beauty of the life was combined into the design of the every grass and tree in the park. Buildings were designed with simplicity and blends with the terrain. Designers use geometric language to emphasize the relationship between the building and the environment, creating the exclusive modern style architecture.
▼公園內的構築物，造型簡潔，the buildings with simplicity in the park ©林濤
▼用幾何語言強調構築物與環境的關係，using geometric language to emphasize the relationship between the building and the environment ©林濤
在公園裡，你只做你自己。
In the park, be yourself.
在虹山湖市民公園裡走走逛逛，看著四季在眼前輪序更替，我們才感覺到時間的流逝。把春天放進口袋裡帶回家；夏天爬上樹梢去摘知了；秋天拾一片銀杏葉夾進書本；冬天躺在木椅上曬曬依舊溫暖的陽光。卸去所有的防備，放下俗世的紛擾，赤條條地鑽進森林裡，像兒時一樣盡情撒歡。在公園裡，你只做你自己。
Walking around the Hongshan lake civil park, watching the alternation of seasons, we feel the passage of time. Put spring in your pocket and take it home; Climb to the treetops to pick cicadas in summer; Pick up a ginkgo leaf and folded it into the book in Autumn; Lie on a wooden chair and basking in the warm sunlight in winter. Take off all the precautions.Put down the mundane troubles. Be naked and run into the forest. Play like a child. In the park, you’re just yourself.
▼公園一角，a corner of the park ©日野
▼公園局部，partial view of the park ©日野
設計師說
The words of the designers
虹山湖公園的設計與城市發展導則相契合，側重強調生態性、可持續發展性和 “海綿城市”的理念。通過構建大疏大密空間佈局、層次豐富的景觀，營造一個以生態為基底的市民活動公園，通過展示、體驗、互動三種方式，使遊人參與其中。乘優越地理位置之勢，借良好的綠色基底，將曾經的廢棄之地改造為一個煥發生機的公園，變無用為有用，變陳舊為新象，變沉寂為生動。
The design of Hongshan Lake Civil Park is in line with the urban development guidelines, “sponge city” concepts and ecological and sustainable principles. Through the space layout combining rarefaction and density and the landscape design with rich levels, L&A Design created an ecologically-based public activity park. Every Visitor can participate by visiting, experiencing and interacting with the park. Taking advantage of the favorable geographical position and the good topographic condition, L&A Design transformed the abandoned land into a park full of vitality. They turn uselessness into usefulness; the old into the new, and a silent scene into a vivid one.
▼公園局部，partial view of the park ©日野
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