人大金融交易協會|經濟學人刊 Day 14—Privacy and its limits

(阿浦研究院|人大金融交易協會)

人大金融交易協會|經濟學人刊 Day 14—Privacy and its limits

導言:

在私人市場中存在“代理成本”問題,並容易產生過度投資、盲目性等問題。

經濟詞彙:

pre-IPO company——準上市公司

知識補充:

Pre-IPO基金——指投資於企業上市之前,或預期企業可近期上市時,其退出方式一般為:企業上市後,從公開資本市場出售股票退出。同投資於種子期、初創期的風險投資不同,該基金的投資時點在企業規模與盈收已達可上市水平時,甚至企業已經站在股市門口。因此,該基金的投資具有風險小,回收快的優點,並且在企業股票受到投資者追崇情況下,可以獲得較高的投資回報。在近幾年,在美國、歐洲、香港等資本市場上,已經有基金管理公司專注投資於上市前期企業。規模較大的投資基金,如高盛、摩根士丹利等,在其投資組合中,Pre-IPO投資也是重要的組成部分。

重點句型:

1.And there are grounds to believe that this was no statistical fluke.

句型解釋: there are grounds to 含義為“有理由/立場去做某事”,that後加從句“this was no statistical fluke”

翻譯文段:

1.The flood of capital into private markets ultimately rests on the belief that they will outperform public ones. There is evidence for this—in the past the best-run private- capital managers have beaten the returns from public markets, even after generous fees. And there are grounds to believe that this was no statistical fluke. Private capital, say its boosters, reduces “agency costs”. These arise wherever somebody (the principal) delegates a task to somebody else (the agent) and their interests conflict. Consider the public markets—no one has a big enough stake to make it worthwhile to monitor firms, which as a result get complacent or indulge in short-term earnings management to the detriment of the long term. Private capital, which is closely held in a few hands, is supposed to get around such agency problems.

2.Yet every investment craze is liable to overreach, blindness to risk and misallocated capital. Recent converts to the private world, dazzled by the historical returns, may not fully appreciate the hazards. The capital washing into San Francisco’s venture-capital industry has bloated both the value of pre-IPO companies and the egos of founder-managers. The big concern is that a shift from public to private capital merely swaps one set of agency conflicts (share- holders v company managers) for another (shareholders v private-asset managers).

1.資本湧入私人市場的最終依據是這樣一種信念:私人市場的表現將優於公共市場。有證據表明,在過去,即便是在支付了豐厚的費用之後,運營最好的私人資本管理公司也已經超過了來自公共市場的回報。有理由相信這不是統計上的僥倖。它的支持者說,私人資本降低了“代理成本”。當某人(委託人)將任務委託給其他人(代理人)並且他們的利益發生衝突時,就會出現這種情況。以公開市場為例,沒有人擁有足夠大的股份以值得對公司進行監督,結果是公司變得自滿或沉迷於短期收益管理而損害了長期收益。私人資本被少數人緊緊地控制著,理應繞過這樣的代理問題。

2.然而,每一次投資熱潮都會導致過度投資、風險盲目和資本配置不當。最近皈依私人世界的人,被歷史的回報所迷亂,可能不會完全意識到危險。資本湧入舊金山的虛擬資本行業,既誇大了上市前公司的價值,也誇大了創始人經理的自負。最大的擔憂是,從公共資本向私人資本的轉移僅僅是將一組代理衝突(股東與公司經理)換成另一組(股東與私人資產經理)。

人大金融交易協會|經濟學人刊 Day 14—Privacy and its limits

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