木匠老陳(1)
巴金
生活的經驗固然會叫人忘記許多事情(2)。但是有些記憶過了多少時間的磨洗(3)也不會消滅。
故鄉里那些房屋，那些街道至今還印在我的腦子裡。我還記得我每天到學堂去總要走過的木匠老陳的鋪子。
木匠老陳那時不過四十歲光景，臉長的像驢子臉，左眼下面有塊傷疤，嘴唇上略有幾根鬍鬚。大家都說他的相貌醜，但是同時人人稱讚他的脾氣好。
他平日在店裡。但是他也經常到相熟的公館裡去做活(4)，或者做包工，或者做零工(5)。我們家裡需要木匠的時候，總是去找他。我就在這時候認識他。他在我們家裡做活，我只要有空，就跑去看他工作。
我那時注意的，並不是他本人，倒是他的那些工具；什麼有輪齒的鋸子啦，有兩個耳朵的刨子啦，會旋轉的鑽子啦，像圖畫裡板斧一般的斧子啦。這些奇怪的東西我以前全沒有看見過。一塊粗糙的木頭經過了斧子劈，鋸子鋸，刨子刨，就變成了一方或者一條光滑整齊的木板，再經過鑽子、鑿子等等工具以後，又變成了各種各樣的東西(6)；像美麗的窗格，鏤花的壁板等等細緻的物件，都是這樣製成的。
老陳和他的徒弟的工作使我的眼界寬了不少(7)。那時我還在家裡讀書，祖父聘請了一位前清的老秀才來管教我們。老秀才不知道教授的方法，他只教我們認一些字，呆板地讀一些書。此外他就把我們關在書房裡，端端正正地坐(8)在凳子上，讓時間白白地流過去。過慣了這種單調的生活以後，無怪乎我特別喜歡老陳了。
老陳常常彎著腰，拿了尺子和墨線盒在木板上面畫什麼東西。我便安靜地站在旁邊專心地望著，連眼珠也不轉一下。他畫好墨線，便拿起鋸子或者鑿子來。我有時候覺得有些地方很奇怪，不明白，就問他，他很和氣地對我一一說明。他的態度比那個老秀才的好得多(9)。
家裡人看見我對老陳的工作感到這麼大的興趣，並不來干涉我，卻嘲笑地喚我做老陳的徒弟，父親甚至開玩笑地說要把我送到老陳那裡學做木匠。但這些嘲笑都是好意的，父親的確喜歡我。因此有一個時候我居然相信父親真有這樣的想法，而且我對老陳說過要跟他學做木匠的話。
“你要學做木匠？真笑話！有錢的少爺應該讀書，將來好做官！窮人的小孩才做木匠，”老陳聽見我的話，馬上就笑起來。
“為什麼不該學做木匠？做官有什麼好？修房子，做傢俱，才有趣啊！我做木匠，我要給自己修房子，爬到上面去，爬得高高的，”我看見他不相信我的話，把它只當做小孩子的胡說(10)，我有些生氣，就起勁地爭論道。
“爬得高，會跌下來，”老陳隨口說了這一句，他的笑容漸漸地收起來了。
“跌下來，你騙我！我就沒有見過木匠跌下來。”
老陳看我一眼，依舊溫和地說：“做木匠修房子，常常拿自己性命來拼。一個不當心在上面滑了腳，跌下來，不跌成肉醬，也會得一輩子的殘疾。”他說到這裡就埋下頭，用力在木板上推他的刨子，木板查查地響著，一卷一卷的刨花接連落在地上。
他過了半晌又加了一句：“我爹就是這樣子跌死的。”
我不相信他的話。一個人會活活地跌死！我沒有看見過，也沒有聽見人說過。既然他父親做木匠跌死了，為什麼他現在還做木匠呢？我簡直想不通。
“你騙我，我不信！那麼你為什麼還要做木匠？難道你就不怕死！”
“做木匠的人這樣多，不見得個個都遭橫死。我學的是這行手藝，不靠它吃飯又靠什麼？“他苦惱地說。然後他抬起頭來看我，他的眼角上嵌著淚珠。他哭了！
我看見他流眼淚，不知道怎麼辦才好，就跑開了。
不久祖父生病死了，我也進了學堂，不再受那個老秀才的管束了。祖父死後木匠老陳不曾到我們家裡來過。但是我每天到學堂去都要經過他那個小小的鋪子。
有時候他在店裡招呼我；有時候他不在，只有一兩個徒弟在那裡釘凳子或者製造別的對象。他的店起初還能維持下去，但是不久省城裡發生了巷戰，一連打了三天，然後那兩位軍閥因為別人的調解又握手言歡了。老陳的店在這個時候遭到“丘八”的光顧，他的一點點積蓄都給搶光了，只剩下一個空鋪子(11)。這以後他雖然勉強開店，生意卻很蕭條。我常常看見他哭喪著臉在店裡做工。他的精神頹喪，但是他仍然不停手地做活。我聽說他晚上時常到小酒館裡喝酒。
又過了幾個月他的店終於關了門。我也就看不見他的蹤跡了。有人說他去吃糧當了兵(12)，有人說他到外縣謀生去了。然而有一天我在街上碰見了他。他手裡提著一個籃子，裡面裝了幾件木匠用的工具。
“老陳，你還在省城！人家說你吃糧去了(13)！”我快活地大聲叫起來。
“我只會做木匠，我就只會做木匠！一個人應該安分守己，”他搖搖頭微微笑道，他的笑容裡帶了一點悲哀。他沒有什麼大改變，只是人瘦了些，臉黑了些，衣服髒了些。
“少爺，你好好讀書，你將來做了官，我來給你修房子，”他繼續笑說。
我抓住他的袖子，再也說不出一句話來。他告辭走了。他還告訴我他在他從前一個徒弟的店裡幫忙。這個徒弟如今發達了，他卻在那裡做一個匠人。
以後我就沒有再看見老陳。我雖然喜歡他，但是過了不幾天我又把他忘記了。等到公館裡的轎伕告訴我一個消息的時候，我才記起他來。
那個轎伕報告的是什麼消息呢？
他告訴我：老陳同別的木匠一起在南門一家大公館裡修樓房(14)，工程快要完了，但是不曉得怎樣，老陳竟然從樓上跌下來，跌死了。
在那麼多的木匠裡面，偏偏是他跟著他父親落進了橫死的命運圈裡。這似乎是偶然，似乎又不是偶然。總之，一個安分守己的人就這樣地消滅了(15)。
Carpenter Lao Chen
Ba Jin
Lots of things are apt to fade from memory as one’s life experiences accumulate. But some memories will withstand the wear and tear of time.
Those houses and streets in my home town still remain engraved on my mind. I still can recall how every day on my way to school I would invariably walk past Carpenter Lao Chen’s shop.
Carpenter Lao Chen was then only about forty years old, with a longish face like that of a donkey, a scar under his left eye, and a wispy moustache on his upper lip. People said he looked ugly, yet they praised him for his good temper.
He usually worked in his own shop. But from time to time he was employed by some rich people he knew well to work at their residences, either as a hired hand on contract or as an oddjobber. Whenever my family needed a carpenter, he was always the man we wanted. That was how I got to know him. While he was in our home, I would come out to watch him work in my spare time.
What attracted my attention, however, was not the man himself, but the tools he used, such as the saw with toothed blade, the plane with two ear-like handles, the revolving drill– things entirely strange to me. A piece of coarse wood, after being processed with the hatchet, saw and plane, would become pieces of smooth and tidy wood, square or rectangular in shape. After further treatment with the chisel, drill, etc., they would end up as various kinds of exquisite articles, such as beautiful window lattices, ornamental engravings on wooden partitions. The work which Lao Chen and his apprentices did was a real eye-opener to me. I was then studying at home under the tutorship of an old scholar of Qing Dynasty whom my grandfather had engaged. The ild scholar knew nothing about teaching methods. All he did was make me learn some Chinese characters and do some dull reading. Apart from that, he had me cooped up in my study and sit bolt upright doing nothing while time was slipping through my fingers. Because of this monotonous life, it was no wonder that I developed a particular liking for Carpenter Lao Chen.
He was often bent over drawing something on a plank with a ruler and an ink marker.
And I would stand by and watch quietly and intently, my eyes riveted on him. After making the line with the ink marker, he would pick up the saw or the chisel. Sometimes, when something puzzled me, I would ask him questions out of curiosity, and he would explain patiently everything in detail. He was much more agreeable than the old scholar.
My folks, however, showed no sign of disapproval when they found me so much interested in Lao Chen’s work, but only teasingly called me an apprentice of his. Father even said jokingly that he was going to apprentice me to Lao Chen. All that was the well- meaning remarks of an affectionate father. Once I even believed that father had meant what he said, and I even told Lao Chen that that was exactly what I had in mind.
“You want to learn carpentry?” said Lao Chen immediately with a smile. “No kidding!
A wealthy young master like you should study and grow up to be a government official!
Only poor people’s kids learn carpentry.”
Somewhat annoyed by the c=way he shrugged off my words as childish nonsense, I argued heatedly, “Why not become a carpenter? What’s the good of being a government official? It’s great fun to build houses and make furniture. If I’m a carpenter, I’ll climb high up, very high up, to build a house for myself.”
“You may fall down if you climb high,” said he casually, the smile on his face fading away.
“Fall down? You’re fooling me! I’ve never seen a carpenter fall down.”
Shooting a glance at me, he continued with undiminished patience.
“A carpenter often has to risk his own life in building a house. One careless slip, and you fall down. You’ll be disabled for life, if not reduced to pulp.”
Thereupon, he bent his head and forcefully pushed his plane over a plank, the shavings of which fell continuously onto the ground amidst the screeching sound. Then he added after a moment’s silence.
“That’s how my father died.”
I just could not bring myself to believe it. How could a man die like that? I had never seen it happen, nor had I ever heard of it. If his father had died of an accident as a carpenter, why should Lao Chen himself still be carpenter now? I just couldn’t figure it out.
“You’re fooling me. I don’t believe you! How come you’re still a carpenter? Can you be unafraid of death?”
“Lots of guys are in this trade,” he went on gloomily. “it doesn’t follow that everybody meets with such a violent death. Carpentry is my trade. What else could I rely on to make a living?”
He looked up at me, some teardrops visible from the corners of his eyes. He was crying!
I was at a loss when I saw him in tears, so I went away quietly.
Not long afterwards. My grandpa fell ill and died, and I was enrolled in a school, on longer under the control of the old scholar. Lao Chen never came again to work in our household after grandpa’s death. But every day on my way to school, I would pass his small shop.
Sometimes he beckoned me from his shop. Sometimes he was absent, leaving a couple of his apprentices there hammering nails into a stool or making some other articles. At first, he could somehow scrape along. Soon street fighting broke out in the provincial capital, lasting three days until the dispute between two warlords was settled through the mediation of third party. In the course of fighting, soldiers looted Lao Chen’s shop until it was empty of everything. After that, nevertheless, he still managed to keep his shop open though business was bad. I often saw him working in his shop with a saddened look on his face. Dejected as he was, he worked on as usual. I heard that he often went drinking at a small wine shop in the evening.
Several months later, his shop closed down for good and I lost all trace of him. Some said he had gone soldiering, others said he had gone to another county to seek a livelihood.
One day, however, I ran into him in the street. He was carrying a basket filled with some carpenter’s tools.
“Lao Chen,” I yelled out in joy, “you’re still here in the provincial capital! People say you’re joined up!”
“I’m good at noting else but carpentry! One should be content with one’s lot,” he shook his head, wearing a faint smile with a touch of sorrow. There was not much change in him except that he was thinner, his face darker and his clothes more dirty.
“Young master,” he continued smilingly,” “you should study hard. Let me build a house for you come day when you’re a government official.”
I took hold of his sleeve, unable to utter a word. He said goodbye to me and went away. He had told me that he was now working at the shop of former apprentice of his. The apprentice was doing quiet well while Lao Chen was now his hired hand.
Thenceforth I never saw Lao Chen again. Much as I liked him, I soon forgot him. It was not until the sedan-chair bearer of a rich household passed on me the news that I remembered him again.
What news did the sedan-chair bearer tell me?
He told me: tighter with other carpenters, was building a mansion for a rich household at the southern city gate. When it was nearing completion, it suddenly came to pass that he fell off building and died.
Why did Lao Chen, of all carpenters, die such a violent death like his father? All that seems accidental, and also seems predestined. In short, an honest man has thus passed out of existence.
註釋：
巴金（1903- ）的《木匠老陳》寫於1934年，後編入他的散文集《生之懺悔》。這是一篇傳記體的回憶性文章，充滿濃郁的抒情色彩，對舊時淳樸的勞動大眾的苦難深表同情。
(1)“木匠老陳”譯為Carpenter Lao Chen，其中Carpenter為稱號化名詞，故在前面不加任何冠詞。這是現代英語中的常見用法。
(2)“生活的經驗……叫人忘記許多事情”意即“隨著生活經歷的積累，許多往事，難免給忘了”，故譯為Lots of things are apt to fade from memory as one’s life experiences accumulate。
(3)“時間的磨洗”意即“歲月的腐蝕”，現譯為the wear and tear of time，其中wear and tear是英語成語，作“磨損”（loss and damage resulting from use）。
(4)“他……到相熟的公館裡去做活”中的“公館”指“大戶”、“有錢人家”，故全句譯為he was employed by some rich people he knew well to work at their residences。
(5)“包工”指“按合同合同操作”，“零工”指“不按合同操作”，故兩者按上下文分別譯為a hired hand on contract和an odd-jobber。
(6)“又變成各種各樣（細緻）的東西”譯為would end up as various kinds of exquisite articles，其中end up是成語，作“最終成為”解。這裡使用它是為了避免重複前句中的become一詞。
(7)“……使我的眼界寬了不少”譯為……was a real eye-opener to me，其中eye-opener作“使人大開眼界的事物”(something every surprising, from which one learners something unknown before)解，通常和revelation意相近。
(8)“端端正正地坐……”譯為sit bolt upright…，其中bolt upright 是常用搭配，bolt可與to sit或to stand等連用，作“筆直”解。此句也可譯為sit very straight…。
(9)“他的態度比那個老秀才的好多了”中的“好”的意思是“令人愉快”或“易於相處”，故全句譯為He was much more agreeable than the old scholar，其中agreeable意即“易於相處”（pleasant或likable）。
(10)“……不相信我的話，把它當作小孩子的胡說”譯為……shrugged off my words as childish nonsense，其中shrugged off是英語成語，本作“聳肩對……表示不屑理睬”解，現指“不當一回事”，與to ignore意同。
(11)“老陳的店……遭到‘丘八’的光顧，他的一點點積蓄都給搶光了，只剩下一個空鋪子”中的“丘八”為舊時對士兵的輕蔑稱呼，現全句譯為soldiers looted Lao Chen’s shop until it was empty of everything，其中until一詞的意思不是“直到……為止”，而是“以至於”（to the point that / so that finally / and at last）。
(12)“有人說他去吃糧當了兵”中的“吃糧”舊時和“當兵”同義，現全句譯為Some said he had gone soldering即可。
(13)“人家說你吃糧去了！”譯為People say you’ve joined up，其中to join up為成語，意同to join the army。
(14)“在……一家大公館修樓房”譯為was building a mansion for a rich household，其中mansion的意思是“大樓”（a large house，usually belonging to a wealthy person）。如按字面把“樓房”譯為a large multi-storied house未嘗不可，但欠簡練。
(15)“總之，一個安分守己的人就這樣地消滅了”一句帶有“惋惜”、“同情”的口氣，故譯為In short, an honest man has thus passed out of existence，其中has thus passed out of existence 似比has thus perished確切。
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