5大基本概念
- 主語：放在謂語動詞之前的成分叫做主語
- 謂語動詞：一個句子中只有一個謂語
實義動詞：生活中含有實際動作意義的動詞
系動詞：就是be動詞或者等同與be動詞的詞。be動詞：就5個，is，am，are，was，were；等同於be動態的詞：在句子中可以被be動詞替換後語句沒問題的詞
助動詞：幫助動詞的詞，和幫助的動詞共同構成謂語，幫助動詞實現各種時態（過去時，將來時）和語態（被動語態），be，have，had，has，do，did。例如 he has worked for 5 days（has worked整個是謂語）
情態動詞：can，may，must，should，would
- 賓語：放在實義動詞之後的就叫做賓語
- 表語：放在系動詞之後的就叫做表語
- 賓補：補充說明賓語的成分就叫賓補
- 定語：就是形容詞
- 狀語：去除以上6個後剩下的就是狀語，例如時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、範圍等，副詞、介詞短語都是狀語，一個句子中狀語的數量是不固定的
5大基本句型
- 主+謂
- 主+謂+賓
- 主+謂(系動詞)+表
- 主+謂+賓+賓補
- 主+謂+賓+賓
並列句
- 用連詞連接的基本句型，連詞：and，or，but
名詞性從句
- 定義：一個句子做了名詞的功能就叫做名詞性從句，句子變成名詞可以通過以下方式：
that+陳述句
whether+一般疑問句的陳述語句（能用yes/no回答的是一般疑問句，轉化為陳述句只需要將謂語換回到主語後即可），will you come to beijing tomorrow
特殊疑問句的陳述句（不能用yes/no回答的，例如what/why/when/where/how/who/whose/which等開頭的疑問句，轉為陳述句只需要把what/how等位置不變，把謂語換到主語後即可），why are you so clever
- 主語從句：
That yaoming is tall is a fact
Whether you will come to Beijing tomorrow is important to me
Why you are so clever is a mystery
- 賓語從句：
We know (that) yaoming is tall（賓語從句才可以省略）
I want to know if/whether you will come to beijing tomorrow（賓語從句才可以用if）
We do not know why you are so clever
- 表語從句：
My opinion is that yaoming is tall
My question is whether you will come to beijing tomorrow
My question is why you are so clever
- 同位語從句：
The opinion that yaoming is tall is right
The question whether you will come to beijing bothers me
The question why you are so clever interests me
形容詞性從句（定語從句）
- 定義：一個句子做了形容詞的功能就叫做形容詞性從句，共9個關係詞（6個關係代詞+3個關係副詞）
- 關係代詞：形容人（who/whom/whose/that，有充當語句成分）
This is the man who saved my life
This is the man whom i saved
This is the man whose life was saved by me
- 關係代詞：形容物（that/which/as(such/the same...as...,as指代的定語從句可以放開頭)，有充當語句成分）
This is the book that i read
This is the book which is very popular
You always work hard, as everybody knows
As is planned, we got there before eight.
I like the girl who is beautiful （限定性定語從句，我喜歡這個漂亮的女孩）
I like the girl, who is beautiful （非限定性定語從句，一般翻譯為2句話：我喜歡這個女孩，因為她很漂亮）
- 關係副詞：形容時間地點原因（when/where/why，關係詞前後是單獨正常的語句，不需要充當什麼成分）
I can never forget the day when i meet her
I can never forget the place where i met her
I can never forget the reason why she dumped me
副詞性從句（狀語從句）
- 定義：一個句子做了副詞的功能就叫做副詞性從句，那些修飾動詞、形容詞和整個句子的可有可無的成分叫做副詞，副詞就是狀語，表示原因、目的、程度、地點、時間、方式、頻率等通常是副詞或狀語
- 格式：完整句子+連詞+完整句子，連詞決定狀語從句類型
- 時間狀語從句
常見時間狀語從句連詞when/while/as/before/since/till/until，"一...就..."系列As soon as(the moment/minute/second)/once/Hardly...when/no sooner...than，Time系列every time/next time/the first time/by the time
After i finish my homework, I will play games with you
- 地點狀語從句where/wherever
You should have put the book where you found it.
- 原因狀語從句because/now that/in that
I did not come to work because i was ill
- 目的狀語從句so that/such...that
He looked down so that she could not see his eyes
- 條件狀語從句if/as long as
If plasitcs are burned , they give off poisonous gases
- 結果狀語從句
I did not sleep well last night, so i feel sleepy this morning
- 比較狀語從句
You look younger than you are
- 讓步狀語從句even though/no matter/whatever
Although he studied hard, he did not pass the examination
- 方式狀語從句
You must try to hold the tool as i do
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