看波斯藍瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

在南漢二陵博物館的《漢風唐韻——五代南漢歷史與文化》展覽中,有一件展品,它雖算不上C位,但憑藉一身的波斯藍,吸引無數文博愛好者“入圈”,它正是有著化蝶之美的波斯藍瓶。

看波斯藍瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

今天,絲路君就利用機會給大家介紹一下波斯藍瓶是如何從考古現場走上南漢二陵博物館展櫃,併成功“出圈”!

Located in Guangzhou, the Southern Han Mausoleum Museum is the only museum featuring imperial mausoleums in South China. Within the museum, you not only can admire a collection of important relics unearthed from the imperial mausoleums( Deling and Kangling of the Southern Han Dynasty), but also gain insights into some important physical evidences of the Maritime Silk Road in ancient Guangzhou.

“出圈前”:南漢波斯藍瓶出土背景

2008年5月至12月,廣州市文物考古研究所為配合越秀區北京路西邊的景豪坊商住樓工程建設對工程西區建設範圍進行了考古發掘。

看波斯藍瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

波斯藍瓶出土狀況

A Persian pottery vessel is a major draw amongst the exhibits. But you might not know that the vessel was in pieces when it was found in the first place. How was the broken object brought alive and then presented to visitors?

這次考古發掘總面積約1000平方米,清理南越國、兩漢、六朝、唐五代、兩宋及明清各歷史時期的文化遺存,出土了豐富的文化遺物。其中就包括在唐五代手工業作坊的灰坑遺蹟中發現的波斯藍瓶,黃褐泥質胎,胎質疏鬆。

In the latter half of 2008, archaeologists from Guangzhou Municipal Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology (廣州市文物考古研究所) were busying with an excavation on a construction site in the west of Beijing Lu, Yuexiu district. They sorted out cultural remains dating back to different historical periods, including the pottery shards from the Tang Dynasty.

“出圈”準備:複雜的修復過程少不得

看波斯藍瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

修復前的狀態

To present the relic to visitors, local restorers began the time-consuming and painstaking restoration work.

Firstly, they had to peel the clay off the surface of shards with a toothpick or scalpel and remove the topsoil with a brush. All the fragments must be matched before being spliced with binding material. Next, restorers used gypsum to make up some missing parts of the vessel, helping present a complete artifact. But the work didn’t end! Last, to fully showcase the beauty and charm of the vessel to audiences, restorers had to color the patches with an imitative color of the vessel. Then a perfect and charming relic was born!

要知道,

為了在“文物圈”內站穩腳跟子,

波斯藍瓶可是做好了萬分的準備!

01 清理

用牙籤或手術刀輕輕剝離波斯藍瓶碎片表面的泥土,用軟毛刷刷去剝離下來的浮土。儘量去除乾淨陶器表面附著的泥土,防止使用加固劑后土塊也被加固在器物表面。

如果碰到陶片因清理過程而斷裂,應及時粘接上,邊清邊粘,提高陶片粘接效率,免得因後續清理的陶片太多而難以找到匹配的原先位置。

02 拼對

依據碎陶片的形狀、顏色、紋飾和薄厚等大體分類,初步確定其所在位置,然後逐步進行拼對。該器物從特徵的口沿開始拼對。

看波斯藍瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

腹部粘接補配

03 粘接

將拼對好的陶片進行粘接。粘接前用丙酮清洗粘接界面,可用毛筆或小軟毛刷輕輕刷洗,使被粘面潔淨。粘接劑可選用熱熔膠棒或高濃度的Parliod B-72(丙烯酸樹脂)丙酮溶液或三甲樹脂丙酮溶液。快乾膠水502膠水,可作為輔助粘接劑,但不能作為主要粘接劑。

要注意塗膠均平,防止塗膠不勻而出現固化、黏縫不整齊和黏合面錯位。最後用小刀剔去拼對合斷面時擠壓出的餘膠。

看波斯藍瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

頸部粘接補配

04 補配

選用石膏對器物缺損部位進行補配。

具體的補配過程為:先調製石膏,根據修復過程中石膏的用料,在乾淨的石膏碗裝上適量的清水,然後緩慢加入石膏粉,均勻攪拌,調製成漿狀。針對缺口的部位,擬用蠟片固定在缺口內側,在缺口外側用雕塑泥做出圍界,以便控制石膏漿液的流動範圍。用勺子等工具將石膏漿均勻塗抹在蠟片上,以填充到較大的裂縫和開裂斷面等缺損部位。待石膏完全固化後,用手術刀、砂紙等修整磨平。

看波斯藍瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

頸部粘接補配

補配後發現底部和肩頸之間的三個執耳無法復原,肩部飾一圈附加堆紋。器表及內壁均施孔雀藍釉,釉層較厚。

看波斯藍瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

補配後

05 隨色

為了讓文物有更好的展示效果,還需進行仿色作舊等展示性修復,保證展出文物的美學和觀賞性。

看波斯藍瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

修復過程工作照

用傳統作舊的礦物顏料為作色原料和工藝,用毛筆、棉籤、噴筆做為作色工具,用畫、點、彈、撥等手法對補配、粘接部位進行作色處理,作色範圍控制在銜接處的邊緣,不超出銜接邊界處2 mm。

選用礦物顏料混合酒精漆片或高登聚合物光油,調和成與器物表面相近的顏色,用噴筆噴塗,輔以畫筆塗刷,使填補部位與整個器物和諧一體。

看波斯藍瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?

復原完成後的狀態

With a 61 cm height, an 18 cm caliber and a 41 cm abdominal diameter, the pottery was glazed inside and outside with the peacock blue, a brightly colored glaze of western Asian. But it is a pity that the relic missed its three side handles.

復原後的尺寸為:

殘高61釐米、口徑18釐米、腹徑41釐米。

根據研究該類波斯藍瓶屬於波斯產品,

目前國內在合浦、揚州、福州、桂林等地

也曾出土過類似文物。

06 預防性保護

修復後的波斯藍瓶,應根據其尺寸、大小、器型,製作相對應的錦盒進行包裝存放,利於運輸,防止二次傷害。錦盒底部用海綿襯墊,將波斯藍瓶放入後,根據需要在四周襯墊海綿,儘量填滿器物與錦盒之間的空隙。

“出圈”後:也要保持美美的狀態!

在文物庫房存放或博物館展覽時,出於保護目的,應考慮器物的過往環境、氣候狀況及其特徵反應以提供最適宜的溫度和相對溼度。

出土陶製品的多孔結構中含有大量從土壤中長期吸收的可溶鹽。如果暴露在特別乾燥的空氣中,這些鹽會快速聚集到表面,導致陶器表面迸裂。建議在文物庫房或展廳展櫃添置恆溫恆溼設備,把陶器保存相對溼度控制在20-60 %,溫度15-25°C。

Archaeologists believe that the product was imported into Guangzhou from Persia, as Guangzhou was one of the starting ports of the ancient Maritime Silk Road and Sino-foreign exchanges were frequent during Tang Dynasty.

經過考古工作人員們的修復,

這件珍貴的海絲文物,

不僅完成了從碎片到展品的化蝶,

還可以持續的站在展櫃中,

供大家欣賞了。

編輯:Yuan

Source: 考古大家談

看波斯藍瓶如何“出圈”!How the Persian pottery made its stunning debut?


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