高中階段的英語學習，其實就是學語法、記單詞和研究並熟練題型。其中，語法是大多數同學最頭疼的問題，原因在於其內容之繁雜和零散。因此，北京高中資訊團隊特將高中英語所有語法、易錯點、經典句式總結在一起，供大家系統學習。
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高中英語語法彙總速查
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高中英語語法易錯點
英語語法題在高考和平時的考試中出現的頻率高，發生錯誤的頻率也很高，特別是一些相似的語法特別容易記混淆。
一、定語從句
引導定語從句的關係代詞有that,which,who（賓格whom），所有格whose）和關係副詞 where when why 等。關係代詞或關係副詞在定語從句中充當一個成分，關係代詞that，which,who,whom等在從句中分別作主語或賓語，whose在從句中作定語，而關係副詞when,where,why等在從句中作狀語。如： I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together. 解析：在句①中，表示時間的名詞the days在從句中充當的是狀語，所以用關係副詞when來代指，引導定語從句修飾先行詞the days；而在句②中，表示時間的名詞the days在從句中充當的是動詞spent的賓語，所以用關係代詞that或which來代指。 同樣，表示地點或原因的名詞如果在從句中作狀語，則用關係副詞where 或why來代指；如果在從句中作動詞的賓語，則用which或that來代替。 如： ①This is the factory where/in which I worked.（作狀語）②This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.（作賓語） 注：當先行詞為time,reason, place時，引導詞可以省略。如： This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss. That is the reason (why) I did it. This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 另外，定語從句中謂語動詞的數應與先行詞的數相一致。如： ①Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.②He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher. 解析：在句①中，先行詞foreigner被only修飾，強調只有一個，所以從句中謂語動詞用單數形式，而在句②中，who引導的定語從句修飾先行詞the students，為複數，所以從句謂語動詞應為複數。
二 名詞性從句中的易錯點
（一）that引導的定語從句與同位語從句
定語從句與前面的的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關係，“……的名詞”，而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實或概念的抽象名詞，如：
fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定語從句中必須作成分，可用which或who/whom代替，而that在同位語從句中不充當任何句子成分，只起連接作用。如： Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas. Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago. 解析：在句①中，that引導同位語從句解釋說明promise的內容，that不充當任何句子成分，只起連接作用，而在句②中，that在其引導的定語從句中作動詞visited的賓語，對先行詞the chicken farm起修飾作用。 （二）名詞性從句中，關於it作形式主語和形式賓語的易錯點 1) 名詞性從句作主語或賓語時，為保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主語或形式賓語。如：It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech.（形式主語）We think it possible that you can finish the job today.（形式賓語） 2）謂語動詞 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引導的賓語從句時往往在從句前加上形式賓語it. 例如：I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party. 3）動詞hare, take, hide, punish, put等,後接由that 引導的病因從句式，往往在從句前加形式賓語it. 例如：① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. ② we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 4）短語動詞answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to等後接有that引導的賓語從句時，必須冠以形式賓語it. 例如：① I’m counting on it that you will come. ② She’ll see to it that he goes ahead. 注：作形式主語和形式賓語時只能用it.
三、代詞it、one、that的用法與區別
One泛指，指代前面提到的那類人或物，用於指代可數名詞，相當於a+名詞單數，其複數形式ones前一般要有定語，否則就要用some.
That（those複數）即可指代不可數名詞，表特指，相當於the+名詞，後面經常與介詞修飾語連用。 It指代上文出現的名詞，表示同類同物，另外還可表示時間、距離、天氣、還可指代人稱代詞，表示性別身份不明，可作形式主語，形式賓語，引導強調句式以及一些固定搭配，如：get it, catch it, make it. 例如：① I have lost my watch. I think I must buy one.我丟了只表，我想我必須再買一隻。（代指上文指到的同類事物，但不指同一個） ② Where is my pen? Have you seen it?我的鋼筆不知弄到哪去了，你見了嗎？（代指上文提到的同一事物）③ The land of China is larger than that of America. ④ Tome has a red pen and a blue one （或two blue ones） ⑤ He has no child, and he wants toadopt one （或 some）
四、虛擬語氣
I 虛擬語氣在if 引導的條件句中的易錯點。
①if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. ② if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now. 句子①②都是虛擬語氣在條件句中的使用，從句中都是假設過去的情況，所以用過去完成時，但在主句中，句①依然指代過去的情況，謂語動詞是would have done，而②中含有一個表示現在的時間狀語now, 這樣就必須將其理解為假設現在的情況，所以謂語動詞必須為would/should/might+動詞原形，學生在這一點上經常會忽略now的存在，從而按句①的形式填寫答案。 Ⅱ虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法 1.在it is important (strange, natural, necessary……)+that 句子或者It is decided (ordered,suggested, demanded, advised……)+that句子中，主語從句中的謂語動詞常用（should）+動詞原形結構，表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被決定”等 例如： it is important that everyone (should ) obey the rules all day and all night. it is decided that the meeting (should) be held tomorrow afternoon. 2. suggest, insist 後面指賓語從句時需注意的地方
1）①suggest 當“建議”“提出”講時，其後賓語從句的謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形” 例如：He suggested that the work (should) be started at once 他建議立即動工。 類似的動詞還有insist堅持，demand要求，desire要求、請求，request請求，require要求、需要，order命令，propose建議，command命令，ask要求，advise建議，prefer寧願等。 這些動詞變被動語態（如：It is suggested + that主語從句）形式後，主語從句謂語動詞仍用“（should）+動詞原形” 這些動詞變名詞（如suggestion）後，其後的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語部分仍用“(should)+動詞原形” ②suggest 當“提出（某看法），暗示，啟發”講時，其後賓語從句的動詞不用虛擬語氣。 例如：The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family member 警察局提出竊賊可能是一名家庭成員。 Her yawns suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。 Although he didn’t suggest that we __ the decision to swim across the river, but his look suggested that our decision __wrong.雖然他沒提出我們應該終止遊過這條河的決定，但他的表情表明我們的決定是錯誤的。 A：stop; wasB: should stop; beC: stopped ;wasD: stopped; should be 在這個句子中，前一個suggest當“建議”“提出”講，而後一個作“表明”講，所以答案為“A” 2）①insist作“堅決要求…該…；堅持認為…定要…”講時，其後賓語從句的謂語動詞用“(should)+動詞原形” 例如：I insisted that you (should) be there on time.我堅持認為你應該準時到那裡去 ②insist 作“堅持（意見，看法）；堅持說，確信”講時，其後從句不用虛擬語氣。如：He suggested (that) he heard someone in the next room. 他堅持說他聽到隔壁屋子裡有人。
五.反意疑問句中的易錯點
1.在一般疑問句中，無論肯定的問或是否定的問，如果回答為肯定則用yes，反之則用no.特別注意如果出現省略則看下文所暗示的意義。 ①—Are you a new comer? —Yes, I came here only yesterday. ②—Isn’t Tom a good student? —Yes, he is excellent. ③—Don’t you think the composition good? —No, It can’t be any worse. 注意：在②③句中，當回答的意思與問句相一致時，則用No，譯為“是的”，當回答的意思與問句相反時，則用Yes，譯為“不” 2.情態動詞must ① I must leave now, mustn’t I ? ② He must be in the classroom, isn’t ?（表推測） ③ He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he ? （表現在的結果） He must have finished his homework yesterday afternoon,didn’t he? （表過去） 當句子中有表示猜測的情態動詞時，其反意疑問句的構成不能再用原句中的情態動詞，而應根據原句在去掉情態動詞的情況下的主謂關係來確定其反問形式。
六、非謂語動詞中的易錯點
非謂語與其邏輯主語（即動作的執行者或承受者）之間有三種關係，如為主謂關係，則用現在分詞或不定式的主動式；如為被動關係則用過去分詞、現在分詞的被動（強調動作正在進行）或不定式的被動式（動作將進行）；如既無主動也無被動關係則只能用狀語從句或獨立主格結構（即非謂語加上自己的邏輯主語）
Judging/considering/genrally speaking/supposing 指說話者的動作，故只用主動式。如： Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam. 解析：從這個句子可以看出，句詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語he一致，並且是主謂關係，所以用了現在的分詞作狀語，同時，分詞的動作明顯地發生在句子的謂語動詞動作之前，故採用了現代分詞的完成式。In order to improve English , ________. A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes. B. Jenny’s father bought a lot of tapes for herself. C. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny. D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny father. 解析：根據不定式短語我們可以推知，句子的邏輯主語應該是人而不是物，所以，應該排除CD，再就是應該是Jenny提高自己的英語，而不是她爸爸，故答案先B. ———，we decided to go out for a walk. A. It is fine B. It fine C. Being fine D.It being fine 解析：主句主語we與動詞短語be fine之間既無主動關係與無被動關係，所以要加上自己的邏輯主語It，由於不存在主、被動關係，故不能選C項，而應該選D 項。 ————more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B.To give C.Giving D. Having giving 解析：give與主句的主語之間是被動關係，故選A.如為主動關係則選C.
03、高中英語語法易錯20題
1. They ______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _____on it as no good results have come out so far.
A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still workingC. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working
此題的時間參照點是before I joined them,，所以第一個空應該用過去完成進行時，第二個空根據時間now用現在進行時。
2. It would be a good idea to use a plastic bottle, ___cut off, as a container to grow young plants in.
A. of which the top B. the top is C. the top of which D. with its top
此題是獨立主格結構，如果題幹改為____is cut off,答案則為A或C
3. ______ is it _____ has made Peter _____ he is today?
A. What; that; that B. That; that; what C. What; what; that D. What; that; what
用還原法則為It is what that has made Peter what he is today可知是強調句式。
4. Before he went abroad，he spent as much time as he _____ English.
A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn
spend time (in) doing sth如果改為he did what he ______,則答案為could to learn.
5. The person we talked about ____ our school last week．
A．visiting B．will visit C．visited D．has visited
此題中包含一個定語從句，the person既作先行詞，又作句子的主語，要填入的應該是句子的謂語，根據後面的時間狀語為last week，應選過去時。句中包含的定語從句we talked about中about雖為介詞，但不影響主句的謂語，故應選C。
觀察下面三個句子：
□The person we spoke to ____ no answer at first．
A．making B．makes C．make D．made
此題中也包含一個定語從句we spoke to，the person既作先行詞，又作句子的主語，要填入的應該是句子的謂語，根據句子的需要，應選過去時。本題中的to為陷阱，實際上它屬於定語從句中，而不影響主句的謂語動詞。故D正確。
□The person we referred to（提及）____ us a report tomorrow．
A．giving B．will give C．gave D．give
同上題一樣，句中包含定語從句we referred to，所缺成份為句子的謂語，又根據句中的tomorrow，故用將來時。選B。
□The days we have been looking forward to ____ soon．
A．coming B．will come C．came D．have come
同理，此句中的定語從句包含短語look forward to，雖然to為介詞，但並不影響主句的謂語動詞，只是一個陷阱而矣。又根據句中的soon，應用將來時，故選B。
6. Not far from the club there was a garden, ____ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon. A. whose B. its C. which D. that
答案為B。此題關鍵是理解seated這個單詞，它是過去分詞，而不是作謂語的過去式。它不能在句中謂語。所以後面句子不是一個非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結構，故選代詞its。
7. You should treat him (in) the way ____ suits him most.
A. that B. in which C. / D. why
此題中先行詞the way後面的定語從句中充當主語。故只能選A。如果先行詞the way有從句中充當狀語，則可以用that, in which或省略。
8. He is a strict but kind-hearted father, ____ the children respect but are afraid of.
A. / B. that C. for whom D. one whom
此題答案只能為D。替代詞one在句中作同位語，代指father，後面再接一個定語從句。先行詞one又在從句中充當賓語。
9. --- You haven’t been to Beijing, have you? --- _____. And how I wish to go there again!
A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven’t C. No, I have D. No, I haven’t
注意題中最後一個單詞again（看三遍！）。不要誤選為D。答案應為A。全句的句意為“你沒有去過北京，是不是？”“不，我去過。我多麼想再一次去那裡。”
10. Not only ______the jewelry she ____been sold for her son’s gambling debts but also her house.
A. is；has B. has；had C. has；has D.不填；has
此題中由於Not only置於句首，故用部分倒裝結構。第一個has助動詞，是句中謂語動詞has been sold中has的提前。第二個has為實義動詞，屬於定語從句中，表示“有”的意思。本句的意思為：不但是她所有的珠寶而且還有她的房子一起已經被賣掉作為她兒子的賭債了。答案為C。
11. We should do more such exercises in the future，I think，_____ those we did yesterday.
A. as B. like C. about D. than
此題前面有more,根據題意，應該選D。比較：
□We should do such exercises in the future, I think, _____ we did yesterday.
此題應選A因為we did yesterday是句子，所以用連詞as
□The teacher suggested that we should do _____ what he did yesterday.
此題應選B應為我what we did yesterday是名詞性從句，所以用介詞like
12. He will tell you _____ he expects will win such a match.
A. why B. whom C. which D. who
此題中的he expects是插入語，所以答案應為D
13. Who would you rather ______ the report instead of you？
A. have write B. have to write C. write D. have written
此題還原為You would rather have who write the report instead of you.可知答案為A
句式為：have sb do sth
14. Who would you rather ______ you repair your CD player?
A. help B. helped C. helping D. to help
此題還原為You would rather who helped you repair your CD player.可知答案為B
句式為：would rather sb did sth是虛擬語氣
15. We’ll be free tomorrow，so I suggest ______ to the history museum.
A. to visit B. visiting C. we should visit D. a visit
suggest的句式為：suggest sb (should) do sth是虛擬語氣suggest doing sthsuggest sth to sb所以答案為D
16. I like swimming，while what my brother enjoys ______.
A. cooking B. to cook C. is cooking D. cook
what my brother enjoys是名詞性從句做主語，所以答案為C
17. — How long have you been here？— ______ the end of last month，
A. In B. By C. At D. Since
since引導的介詞短語和現在完成時連用
18. ______ nice，the food was all eaten up soon.
A. Tasting B. Taste C. Tasted D. To taste
taste是系動詞,沒有被動，答案A表示原因。對比：
____ nice, the food should be made by adding more sugar. 此題應選D，表示條件。
19. He was sentenced to death ______ what he has stolen from the bank.
A. that B. since C. because D. because of
what he has stolen from the bank是名詞性從句，所以應該用介詞because of
20.—What do you think of the concert? —I really enjoy it. I didn’t expect it was ____ wonderful.
A. as B. more C. most D.very
A 這是一個省略句，承接上文，省略了as I had thought。
