我們都知道strict, severe, rigid, rigorous都有“嚴格”的意思，那麼先來考一下大家，
Mr. White很固執，堅持對下屬嚴格要求。一旦不能達到他嚴苛的標準，他們就要接受嚴厲的批評。
這句話裡面包含以上四個同義詞，應該怎樣對應翻譯？下面逐一分析,
Trump表情包之一
Strict
You use strict to describe someone who never does things that are against their beliefs.
通常用於指對人的行為要求符合規範,一般譯為“(要求)嚴格的，恪守信條的”，強調人對規則的遵守
a strict vegetarian 一個嚴格的素食主義者
a strict teacher 一位嚴格的老師
對某人嚴格”用介詞 with - be strict with sb
My parents were very strict with me.
父母對我要求非常嚴格。
Our manager is very strict with us.
我們的經理對我們要求很嚴格。
在某方面嚴格用介詞 in - be strict in sth
The engineer is strict in his work.
這位工程師對工作要求嚴格。
Trump表情包之二
Severe
Severe punishments or criticisms are very strong or harsh;
Not kind or gentle in treatment.
多指由於客觀需要而不能輕易改變規則和要求, 完全沒有鬆弛、輕浮、柔軟可言，含有冷酷無情之義, 一般譯為“嚴厲的, 尖銳的, 苛刻的”
1. 形容人及其面容、行為、思想、言論 、態度
severe criticism 嚴厲的批評
a severe judge 嚴厲的法官
a severe manner 態度嚴肅
I got a severe telling off for not phoning him.
我因為沒給他打電話，被狠狠訓斥了一頓。
Was his mother too severe on him?
她的母親是不是對他太嚴厲了?
2. 形容與人有關的事物, 如作風、法律、刑罰，傷勢等
a severe sentence 重判重刑
severe pain 傷勢嚴重
He's suffering from severe mental disorder.
他患有嚴重的精神病。
This is a severe test.
這是一次嚴峻的考驗。
3. 形容天氣和環境的惡劣
a severe storm 一場劇烈的風暴
a severe quake 嚴重的地震
severe recessions 經濟衰退
severe competition 激烈的競爭
Trump表情包之三
Rigid
incapable of compromise or flexibility;
incapable of adapting or changing to meet circumstances.
特指沒有靈活性、機動性的"嚴格"
1. 形容法律、制度或體系、思維等一成不變、刻板的，僵化
rigid operation嚴格的操作
Hospital routines for nurses are very rigid.
2. 形容人的固執、頑固
My father is very rigid in his thinking.
我父親的思想非常頑固。
He is very rigid in his ideas on marriage.
他對婚姻的看法一成不變。
3. 形容(常因震驚，害怕，冰凍) 身體僵直的，不能動彈的
a rigid body僵硬的屍體
She was rigid with fear.
她害怕得全身僵住了。
I went rigid with shock.
我驚得僵在那裡。
Trump表情包之四
Rigorous
rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard;
demanding strict attention to rules and procedures.
從英文字面解釋可以看出，針對的多是“標準，規則或程序”，所以rigorous的“嚴格”帶有“一絲不苟的，嚴密的，縝密的”之意。
rigorous discipline 嚴格的紀律約束
rigorous application of the law 嚴密的法律申請流程
The planes have to undergo rigorous safety checks.
飛機必須經過縝密的安查。
The work failed to meet their rigorous standards.
工作沒有達到他們的嚴格標準。
總的來講，strict, rigid和rigorous都可應用在rules, laws, requirements, standards方面，只是使用普遍頻率多少和強調側重各有不同。
最後解答文章開頭的翻譯問題，
Mr. White很固執，堅持對下屬嚴格要求。一旦不能達到他嚴苛的標準，他們就要接受嚴厲的批評。
Mr. White is very rigid in being strict with his subordinates. Once fail to reach his rigorous standards, they will suffer a severe criticism.
閱讀更多 Joanna有範英語 的文章
