一、中考试题中的冠词
近几年中考对冠词的考查重点是不定冠词a和an的区别，定冠词及零冠词。对冠词的习惯用法的考查是主要考点之一，所以对此类用法一定要熟记在心。另外在学习中，应充分重视对最基本的冠词知识的理解、掌握，同时注意冠词活用的问题。做题时要弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词及泛指、特指等概念。预计今年命题趋势仍可能是定冠词与不定冠词的区别和冠词的习惯用法。
【知识梳理】
冠词是一种虚词，不能在句子中作独立成分，要用在名词的前面，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。它不能离开名词而单独存在，因此，可以说冠词就是名词的一种标志。在英语中，冠词分为不定冠词(a和an)和定冠词(the)两种：不定冠词一般用于单数名词前，表示泛指；定冠词既可修饰可数名词(单复数均可)，又可修饰不可数名词，表示特指。
考点一：不定冠词
1、不定冠词a 和an的用法区别：a用在单词发辅音开首的单词前，an用在单词发元音开首的单词前。如：
a book, a desk, a pen, a doctor, a house ，an enemy, an accident, an animal, an egg
但注意：an hour, a useful tool
2、不定冠词的用法：
（1）表示人、事和物中的某一类或某类中任何一个。
A horse is a useful tool.
A dog runs faster than a goat.
（2）泛指某人或某事物
An old man is sitting on the chair.
（3）表示one 或every，但概念上没有它们那样强烈。当表示one的意思时，一般不用two, three等相对比。如：Every elephant has a long nose. Take this medicine three times a day.
（4）用于某些固定词组中。
a few, a bit, a lot of, in a hurry, at a time, all of a sudden, many a, a little, a couple of, as a matter of fact, in a word, have a good time, do sb. a favor, pay a visit to, in a way, have a word with, make a living, take a pride in, take a walk, a great deal of, catch a cold.
（5）用在某些抽象名词前，表示“一种，一类，一场，一阵”等
She was caught in a heavy rain.
It was a wonderful tea.
That is a great disappointment.
3、不定冠词的特殊用法：
（1）与有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前，表示具体一个“人或物”。
He received a good education.
Thank you, Jim. You have done a kindness.
Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
The meeting held yesterday was a success.
To advise him is a waste of time.
（2）偶尔与专有名词连用，表示某种特定意思。表示类似的一个或某一个（a certain）
a Mr Black a living Lei Feng
A Mr. Smith wants to see you.
（3）与形容词最高级连用，表示强调，不表最高级。
The Huanghe River is a longest river in China.
The story is a most interesting one.
（4）用在有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节和日期前
Before I go to work every morning, I’ve a light breakfast.
The traffic accident happened on a Sunday to the end of the July.
（5）用于序数词前，表示“再一，又一”而不表顺序。
How important it is to learn a second language.
The fisherman cast a third net.
（6）表示类别，有any, per之意，a(n)不必译成汉语，此时a(n)可改为the或不用冠词（但必须用名词复数形式）。
His income is one thousand yuan a month.
A camel is a useful animal. = Camels are useful animals.
（7）不定冠词用于一些原来是动词的名词前。
Let’s have a look around the playground after supper.
have a rest / walk / swim / talk … (have = take)
give a shout / whistle / loud laugh …
make a drive / move …
（8）用在同源宾语中。
Now we are living a happy life.
Last night I dream a terrible dream.
考点二：定冠词
冠词the的用法：
1、用于特指（基本用法）。表示某一或某些特定的人或事物。
She stayed at home and cleaned the house.
He saw a book on the table in his room.
The boys in this school wear blue shirts.
2、用于双方都知道的名词前。
What do you think of the film?
Close the door, please.
Let’s go and give it to the policeman.
3、用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前。
Which is farther from the earth, the sun or the moon?
4、用于第二次提到的事物前。
Mr Wang has a son and the son is a driver.
There is a book on the desk. The book is John’s.
5、与单数名词连用，表示一类（同a或an）
The panda is very lovely. = A panda is very lovely. = Pandas are very lovely.
6、用于最高级前（与不定冠词不同 = very），以及对两人或事物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。
the first / second, the tallest, the most important,
the taller of the two boys, the more interesting of the two books
7、用于序数词前。
the first boy the third student 区别a third student
8、用于有定语修饰的名词前。
the writing desk the man standing there
9、用于乐器名词前。
Do you like playing violin?
10、用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前，表示国家、当派、团体、组织机构、单位、报刊、条约、朝代、江河湖泊海洋、山川、群岛等。
the United States the People’s Republic of China the Youth League， the Yellow River, the People’s Daily, the Tang Dynasty, the Philippines, the History Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Taiwan Straits
11、与某些形容词、分词连用表示某一类人。
the rich, the poor, the sick, the wounded
12、用于姓氏复数之前，表示全家或夫妇二人。
the Turners the Wangs the Browns
13、用于世纪的某年代。 in the 1980s (in the 1980’s)
14、用于方位名词前。
Shanghai is in the east of China.
Japan lies to the east of China.
15、用于发明物的单数名词前。
Who invented the telephone?
16、用于某些表示国家和民族的形容词前，泛指全体。这些词通常以-sh, -ch, -ese结尾。
the English, the French, the Chinese
17、用于表示数量的名词前。
They sold eggs by the dozen.
They were paid by the hour.
18、用于某些词组和习语中。
in the morning in the end at the age of
on the other hand, in the daytime
19.用于句型:主语+ pat (strike/hit/catch/touch) +sb+介词+the+接触部位
He hit Tom in the face.
The teacher patted the boy on the head.
考点三：零冠词及特例
1、非特指的物质名词和抽象名词前。
paper bravery
Water boils at 100℃.
Knowledge begins with practice.
但，这些词被限定时，要用冠词，当表示个体事物或“一种、一场、一份”等含义时，前面加不定冠词。
The milk in the bottle has gone bad.
Do you want a coffee?
What do you think of the work?
He has a good knowledge of English.
2、不含有普通名词的专有名词前。
China, Beijing, Mary, Peter
但有限定性、描绘性定语修饰时，用定冠词；当表示“像…那样的人或事物”，“有个名叫……的人”时用不定冠词。
The England of those years was an England in turmoil(动乱).
“Hurry up!” said the anxious Tom.
He wishes to be an Edison.
A Mr. White came to see you this morning.
3、表示语言的名词前。
We are studying English.
4、可数名词前已经有了物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰限定时。
This book is very cheap.
Is this Mr. Wang’s dictionary?
5、由普通名词构成的专有名词前多要加“the” 但也有的一些不用。
Tian An Men Square Chang An Avenue
Nanjing Road Bei Hai Park Beijing University
6、在含有“day”节假日前。在中国传统节假日一般有the
New Year Day, May Day,
the Spring Festival the Dragon Boat Festival the Mid-autumn Festival the Double Ninth Festival the Lantern Festival
7、用作称呼或表示独一无二头衔、职称等做表语、不足语、同位语时以及称呼。
Mr Liu is Chairman of our club.
Go there, boy.
What shall I do next, Mother?
In 1860, Lincoln was elected President of the United States.
8、表示季节、月份、周日的名词前；但季节等被限定定语修饰时，用定冠词。星期前加不定冠词表示“某一个…”。
In the spring of 2006, a Tuesday in September
9、在球类、棋类、学科等表运动的名词前和三餐前。
What did you have for breakfast? Do you like mathematics?
She is fond of playing basketball.
但在breakfast, lunch, supper前通常有描绘性形容词等修饰时，要加不定冠词。
He had a wonderful supper.
10、复数名词表示一类人或物时。 Horses are useful animals.
11、当bike, car, taxi, bus, train, boat, ship, plane等与介词by连用时，表示一种交通手段时，不用冠词。
Did you come back by plane or by train?
但也可用介词in, on等或与动词搭配。这时名词前要有修饰语。come in a car take a bus, on the train
还有by water, by land, by sea, by air也可表示交通手段。
12、turn, go 表示“变成”, 其后接名词时。
turn writer = become a writer go socialist = become a socialist
13、当两个名词叠用或一对相反（近）的名词连用时。
experiment after experiment hand in hand day and night step by step side by side
day after day husband and wife day by day soul and heart
14、两个名词指同一人时，前一名词有a(n)， 而后一名词却没有。
He is a poet and novelist.
15、在kind of 或kinds of 等结构中，后面的名词一般不用加冠词，但是kind前可根据需要加冠词。
He likes three kinds of book(s).
然而，有时也可加冠词的情况。如：
What kind of a man is he? (... kind of a …意为“怎样的一个或一种……”)
类似的结构还有：sort(s) of, type(s) of, class(es) of, form(s) of, variety (varieties) of 它们都表示一种或数种事物，后面的名词都不加冠词。
16、man作“人类”讲时，同human, mankind一样，不用加冠词。
Man has existed for thousands of years.
17、在以“普通名词（或形容词最高级）+ as / though开始的让步状语从句中，前面不用冠词。
Child as he is, he knows a lot. Shortest though he is, he runs fastest in our class.
18、在某些独立结构中不用冠词。
He went into the forest, gun in hand. The teacher came into the classroom, ruler under arm.
19、在某些固定搭配中。
go to school at night by train at first make room for
in fact on foot after school in town in ink / pen
on purpose in danger / trouble / surprise / silence at present
on show in order by chance / accident
20、有无冠词意义不同：
（1）不定冠词：
in word 口头上 in a word 总而言之
of age 成年 of an age 同龄
have words with 争吵 have a word with 谈话
with child 怀孕 with a child 带着孩子
（2）定冠词：
on earth 究竟 on the earth 在地球上
at table 进餐 at the table 在餐桌旁
at school 求学 at the school 在学校
go to school 去上学 go to the school 到学校去
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里
in place of 代替 in the place of 在…..位置上
in office 执政 in the office 在办公室里
take place 发生 take the place of 取代
in possession of 拥有 in the possession of被……拥有
in charge of 负责／掌握 in the charge of 由……负责／被掌握
out of question 不成问题 out of the question 根本不可能
in front of 在……前面 in the front of 在……内的前面
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